فهرست مطالب الهام تمدن

The attributes of God are divided into two categories of Jamal (Beauty) and Jalal (Glory), which include God's Grace and Wrath, respectively. The manifestation of each of these attributes in the mystic's heart creates traces in his mind, speech, and behavior. This article deals with the explanation of these traces in the mystic and their significance, hierarchy and order, their preconditions and results, and terminologies used in relation to each of them in the writings of Roozbehan Baqli. The purpose of this article is to help the reader understand the mystical disposition of the great sixth century mystic Roozbehan Baqli. In this research, library data collection method and descriptive-analytical method were used. Providing Ruzbahan's definitions and analysis of Fear and Hope, Contraction and Expansion, Awe and Accustom, the expression of hierarchy and their order, the terminologies that Roozhbehan brought about with these states and positions, and the importance of each of these to him are some innovations in this research. In the viewpoint of this great mystic, Fear is necessary at the beginning of the path for the mystic, but then he can achieve God at the Hope stage. Roozhbehan states that the Contraction and Expansion are steps after Fear and Hope, and Awe and Accustom come after the Contraction and Expansion. He divides the Contraction into three types, and states that Accustom is the mystic's position at the stage of observing Beauty. Terminologies used by Roozbehan about Glory attributes are Wrath, Fear, Contraction, Awe, and Eternity (without beginning); and attributes of Beauty are Grace, Hope, Expansion, Accustom, Eternity (without end), Observation, and Love.

Different sciences such as philosophy, al-kalam, theology and mysticism all are seeking a way to achieve divine cognition, but what distinguishes mysticism from the others; is the use of the method of revelation as a tool applied to reach the ultimate mystic purpose. Roozbehan Baqli is a mystic who has detailed his mystical experiences independently in a book called Kashf al-Asrar, so this book is unique in this regard. He emphasizes on fascination and attraction of God more than other mystics and he emphasizes on endeavor less than other mystics. In addition to controversial issues expressed in his Kashf al-Asrar, his point of view about the issue of revelation is also significant. In this article, theoretical foundations and Roozbehan's views on revelation are reviewed. The division of revelation by Ruzbehan into three categories such as revelation if entity, divine attributes and acts and its instances and signs, followed by presentation the topic of perception and its preliminaries and outcomes are one of the most important issues raised in this research. Also, the issue of seeing of God from the point of view of Roozbean is considered and the means of seeing, namely the soul and the self and the situation of seeing each of them are rose.

Although mysticism is all recognition and insight, yet, since this school of thought enjoys different aspects, recognition which means receiving and reaching the reality is considered part of joining the reality. Conceived thus, this study attempts to clarify recognition, its ways, and orders from the viewpoint of Ruzbihan Baqli Fasayee Shirazi. The main problem addressed is clarifying recognition as the final purpose of the mystic, its types and orders, methods of reaching, prerequisites, impacts and results in the mystical disposition of this great mystic of the sixth century (AH). The adopted research method is library-documentary and descriptive–analytical. Presentation of Ruzbihan’s viewpoints on recognition, classification of mystics into three groups of lay people, elites, and special elites, investigation of the types and orders of recognition, its prerequisites, impacts and results are the innovations of this study. From the viewpoint of this great mystic, four elements of self, soul, reason, and heart are the apparatuses for receiving and reaching the reality. However, each one of these four elements fathoms one facet of recognition which in His glorious manifestation burns all this by the capable hands of God and becomes prepared for a spiritual attraction (jazbeh) from God to be absorbed and taken to His presence.