فهرست مطالب سعید اسمعیلی

In this paper, the operation scheduling of Microgrids (MGs), including Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and Energy Storage Systems (ESSs), is proposed using a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) based approach. Due to the dynamic characteristic of the problem, it firstly is formulated as a Markov Decision Process (MDP). Next, Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm is presented to minimize total operational costs by learning the optimal strategy for operation scheduling of MG systems. This model-free algorithm deploys an actor-critic architecture which can not only model the continuous state and action spaces properly but also overcome the curse of dimensionality. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, the results were compared with the analytical method and a Q-based learning algorithm which demonstrates the capability of the DDPG method from the aspects of convergence, running time, and total costs.

Impaired angiogenesis and formation of collateral vessels in skeletal and cardiac muscle, is a major complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus in ischemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in vascular endothelial grows factor (VEGF) and Endostatin gene expression in cardiac tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus following aerobic continues and high-intensity interval exercise training. In this study, 48 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups of healthy control, diabetic control, diabetic continues, and high-intensity interval training. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of streptozotocin, and exercise performed 5 sessions per week for 8 weeks. The levels of VEGF and Endostatin gene expression were evaluated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method. Findings: There was a significant reduction in the expression of VEGF and Endostatin in the diabetic control group compared to the healthy control group. Compared to the diabetic control group, diabetic continues and high-intensity interval training groups showed a significant increase in expression of VEGF, but there was significant increase in Endostatin expression in diabetic continues group. The results of this study showed that both training methods were effective to increase the expression of VEGF and Endostatin levels after induction of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Since, there was increase in VEGF/Endostatin ratio, increase in pro-angiogenic activity in heart may be occurred, but the high-intensity interval exercise training was more effective to increase the expression of VEGF.

Type 2 diabetes is one of the effective and inhibiting factors in controlling blood glucose and vascular disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its type 1 receptor in cardiac tissue of type 2 diabetic rats following three different training methods.

In this study, 60 rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups: healthy control, diabetic control, and diabetic groups with endurance, resistance, and combined exercise training. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and exercises were performed 5 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Evaluation of the levels of gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor 1 was performed by RT-qPCR.
Findings: The results showed a significant reduction in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in diabetic control, endurance training and resistance training groups, as well as a significant increase in expression of its receptor in diabetic control group and all training groups compared to healthy control group (p

The findings suggest that different training exercises are effective in improving angiogenesis, but combined exercises have a certain superiority compared to other exercises.

The aim of this research is to investigate the Taxable income Smoothing relationship with Tax avoidance and Information content of taxable income in Tehran Stock Exchange listed companies. For achieving research objectives، in eight-year period (2004 until 2011)، 87 accepted active companies are studied. In this research Taxable income smoothing as an independent variable and Tax avoidance and information content of taxable income as a dependent variable are examined. To investigate Tax avoidance، two proxies namely Current Effective Tax Rate (CURETR) and Cash Effective Tax Rate (CASHETR) are used. The Final results show that Taxable income smoothing has a significant and positive relation with tax avoidance but It doesn’t have significant relation with information content of taxable income.