فهرست مطالب سعید ملکی

today, the urban population of the world is increasing and this increasing and unbridled growth has involved the residents of the cities with many problems and has caused all kinds of insecurity and social anomalies. The climate crisis is one of the main challenges of the 21st century which leads to social unrest and threatens livelihood, stability, and prosperity. The purpose of this research is to evaluate and analyze the role of urban planning in creating social security in the conditions of climate change in Ahvaz metropolis. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on library documentary studies and field surveys.

In this regard, first, the trend of changes in climatic parameters for a period of 50 years (seasonal and annual) of the Ahvaz synoptic station was investigated using the Mann-Kendall statistical test, Then, the structural consequences of climate change in Ahvaz city was modeled using the system dynamics approach. In this research, which is based on a systemic approach, The effective and efficient factors involved in the subject and the relationships between them were investigated through causal and effectual loops in Vensim software.

The findings of the research show that during the studied period of climate changes in the city of Ahvaz, it has shown itself in the form of increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation, increasing relative humidity, and decreasing solar radiation. During the 60-year process, the average temperature was (48) degrees Celsius with an increase of (0.01) degrees every year, which shows an increasing trend. Also, the investigation of the annual rainfall changes in Ahvaz station during the 50-year process, with an average rainfall of (72) mm and a decrease of about (0.0186) mm per year, there has been a decreasing trend.

The results show the fact that climate changes in Ahvaz city have various social-security consequences. Direct effects on various facilities-infrastructure and planning-management sectors, including reduction of investments, damage to infrastructure, marginalization and increase in costs, the most important of which are reduction of quality of life, reduction of welfare and social anomalies and insecurity in urban spaces.

achieving urban water security is a major challenge for many countries. urban water security has created significant concern for urbanization and climate change. Having systems thinking and integrated management can help to understand the mechanisms that affect the long-term water security of a city. Today, the metropolis of Ahvaz has become one of the largest cities in Iran due to the development of economic, social, cultural, and political activities with the growing population. Considering that the process of urban construction and development and excessive population growth in this metropolis was not subject to a pre-determined and codified plan and its water supply and distribution plans were not consistent with the increase in population; Therefore, in this city, like all the big cities of Iran and the world, there are various problems in terms of water security. Global climate change, geographical features of this metropolis, environmental issues, pollution of water resources and insufficient water resources for the current population on the one hand and the other hand the increasing industrial use of water, the existence of large industries, and new and growing cities and towns around this The metropolis as well as the huge consumption of water in the agricultural lands around the city of Ahvaz has made the water resources more limited. The continuation of this trend is all reason for the need for comprehensive planning and assessment of water security for the future. to analyze the trend of changes in climatic parameters of precipitation and discharge of Ahvaz station, the period of 70 years ( 1330 - 1400 ) was studied And the time trend of changes in the aforementioned climatic parameters was calculated using the Menkendall non-parametric test in the monthly, seasonal and annual time series during the statistical period of the study. The results showed that during the studied period of the year, there have been changes in climatic parameters in the city of Ahvaz in the form of a decrease in precipitation and a decrease in discharge, and this has had consequences for the metropolis of Ahvaz. This study presents a systematic approach to better understanding urban water security, with a working definition and an assessment framework for application in urban areas. The assessment framework for achieving urban water security depends on four main dimensions: Drinking water and humans, ecosystem, climate changes, and risks related to water and socio-economic factors. This framework allows further analysis of the relationships and trade-offs between urbanization and water security, as well as between the aforementioned indicators. Applying this framework will help governments, policymakers, and water stakeholders target scarce resources more effectively and sustainably. This study shows that achieving urban water security requires a comprehensive and integrated approach with common stakeholders to provide a meaningful way to improve the management and understanding of urban water security.

Population growth and the expansion of settlements in high-risk region, especially in developing countries is increasing. In urban areas, the normal effects of natural disasters may not be so damaging but when it comes to human societies and human knowledge Become a natural crisis - a technological one Includes a combination of physical injuries and urban dysfunction.considering the location of Ilam province in terms of seismicity and lack of proper location of its settlements and its location on active faults,identify region unfavorable for earthquake hazard and prevent the establishment of human settlements in these areas is essential to reduce risks in the future which can be mentioned as the most important goal of this research.

The present study has studied the safety of urban planning with the consideration of safety principles.the research a applied developmental approach and a combination research method (descriptive, analytical, and field).

The have been used to analyze by GIS, Grafer, VISIO, SPSS and TOPSIS models.the results show that average vulnerability caused by earthquakes between (0 and 1) in Ilam province, against 0/4 percent.Dehloran urban region has the highest earthquake vulnerability in the physical index among all of the province's cities.also in terms of study; the amount of TOPSIS achieved In this region is 0/6 percent more and the Shirvan region had the lowest level of 0/11 percent.

Analyzing the structure and morphological patterns of the urban network has a fundamental role in the understanding of the population distribution process and the communication and service patterns of the urban system in the regional area. Considering this importance, in this research, an attempt has been made to analyze the morphological structure of the urban network in Khuzestan province. Analytical indicators of the research are to identify the structure and morphological patterns of the distance of population nodes and the hierarchy of the communication network in the Khuzestan province. Net draw and Uci NET flow and network analysis software were used for data analysis. The results show that based on the distance index of population nodes in the province, the morphological pattern of the urban network is linear-circular, radial and network. Meanwhile, according to the intra-regional communication network index, the dominant pattern of the urban network is linear-circular, which forms a network pattern by increasing the functional range of the communication network. The results of the research show that the majority of the urban network in Khuzestan province is small and medium in size and in close distances they have a linear morphological pattern, and with the increase in the distance of geographical centers and the functional scope of the communication network due to the presence of several dominant cities such as Ahvaz and Dezful, A network pattern is formed around the axis of these cities in the morphology of the urban network of the province

Investigating the morphology of the urban network in a geographical space is done in the framework of achieving the goal of balancing the land use. As the center of concentration of population, capital, flow of goods, services, innovation, etc., cities play an important role in planning as an element of space balance in regional and national scales. The balanced organization of space is possible with the scientific understanding of urban network morphology because the organization of spatial forms is formed through urban communication at different spatial levels. The urban network of Khuzestan province has been formed on the basis of different environmental, economic and social diversity. The existence of various spaces has caused diversity in the function and role of cities (port, commercial, basic energy industry) of the province. In this regard, the dispersion of cities in the macro-geographical level along with the diversity in role and function has affected the urban morphology. In this research, by analyzing the morphological structure of the urban network of Khuzestan province based on the variables of the distance between the population nodes and the communication network, the relationship between the types of morphological patterns and the performance of the cities is discussed.

This research is practical and has been done with "descriptive-analytical" method. The data has been collected from library documents and data, providing at the provincial and national institutions. To draw and analyze the morphology of the Khuzestan urban network in two separate parts, the communication network index based on service-based relationships as well as the distance of population nodes (cities) in the spatial area of Khuzestan province has been used. To analyze the data and draw the morphology of the urban network of the province in two dimensions of the communication network and the distance of the nodes from three Gower functions; Closeness and Varimax have been used in UciNET and Net Draw software.

In the findings section, the morphological patterns of the urban network of the province were analyzed based on the distance of population nodes in three radii of 10, 30 and 50 km, based on which it was determined that the reason for the formation of the linear pattern is due to the small size of the cities. It is mostly seen in the central, western and southern parts of the province. In this pattern, the absence of dominant cities near small cities is influential, which is an important reason for the formation of a linear pattern in the near distance for the cities of Khuzestan province, which are mostly small in size. In the analysis of urban network morphology based on the distance between nodes, network and ring patterns have been formed when dominant cities such as Ahvaz and Dezful metropolises have played a role in the urban network structure and the morphological structure of the urban network of the province. In the formation of the linear-circular pattern, the main factor was the large distance between the cities of the province in the central, northern and southern and western-eastern parts.
In the analysis of urban network morphology based on intra-provincial communication network, three radii of 30, 50 and 80 km were considered and analyzed. In the analysis of urban network morphology based on intra-provincial communication network, three radii of 30, 50 and 80 km were considered and analyzed. Similar to the node distance index, in the communication hierarchy index, in close distances, most of the cities have found a linear pattern due to their small size, and their morphological ring is due to the existence of dominant cities such as Ahvaz, Dezful and Ramshir, which are nearby cities. To them, they obey them in communication interactions as communication nodes. As the distance increases, network polygons in all four corners of the province with dominant cities such as Ahvaz, Dezful, Abadan and Bandar Mahshahr and connecting cities such as Hamidiyeh, Shush, Shushtar, Andimshek and Suleiman Mosque and Behbahan form the morphology of the urban network of the province. They give a grid shape.

The results of this research using the mentioned two indices, i.e. the distance between population nodes and the intra-regional communication network pattern, showed that from the point of view of focal waste index or geographical nodes, based on the dominant patterns in the theoretical literature presented for urban network morphology, three dominant morphological patterns were obtained in the urban network of Khuzestan province, which were linear-circular, radial and network patterns. While from the point of view of the communication network pattern index, the dominant morphological pattern for the urban network of the province was linear-circular, which with increasing the functional radius of the communication network, a network pattern is formed in the morphology of the urban network of the province. Examining the existing approaches and the background of the research shows that the best model for evaluating successful urban morphology is a network model with strong and synergistic links of two-way and multi-way interactions between the urban network, and the weakest morphological models are linear and radial models or center around It is a sign of the hierarchy and centrality of the structure, communication and function of the cities of a region. In this regard, a finding of this research made it clear that multi-dimensional and multi-functional interaction is not dominant in the urban network of Khuzestan province, and strong nuclei such as Ahvaz and Dezful form a circular pattern to meet needs and demand, and a linear pattern is also the pattern that governs relations and The communication between the small cities of the province is in close and even medium distances, and this type of pattern itself shows the poverty of having a proper, complementary and decisive position for the cities of the province to take an interactive, service and communication role suitable for themselves and their sphere of influence. Considering the importance of studying the structure, function and morphological patterns of the urban network in regional development and its role in the analysis and development of approaches based on sustainable land use, the present study from a morphological point of view was able to, according to the available data, based on Indexes of node distance and communication network to analyze the urban network of Khuzestan province. In this regard, future studies can analyze the urban network of the province and the interactions and functions of the urban network by relying on more and more diverse indicators such as the role of physical structure and also the pattern of dominant activities in the regional area.

According to the approach of the World Health Organization, elderly-friendly cities include those urban spaces in which the distribution of public services is such that it is most appropriate to the needs and limitations of the elderly. According to the statistics, the city of Ahvaz, like the whole country, is moving towards the aging of the population and old age.

The present research is applied-theoretical in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and method with a survey approach.

As a result, there is a difference between the indicators of the elderly-friendly city at the level of 95% confidence. In other words, the indicators of the elderly-friendly city from the participants’ perspective did not have the same priority. Accordingly, the social status index with an average rank of 1.81 has the highest score, and the health services index with a score of 1.06 has the lowest score. The regional results also show that the significance level obtained from the Friedman test is less than 0.05. There is a difference between the elderly-friendly city indicators in the eight districts of Ahvaz at the confidence level of 95%. In other words, the elderly-friendly city indicators have not had the same priority from the point of view of the respondents living in the regions. So, Zones 1 and 8, with the average rank of 2.88 and 2.79, have the highest rank, and Zone 6, with the score of 2.21, has the lowest. Analysis of structural equation model to investigate the effect of indicators of the elderly-friendly city of Ahvaz according to the coefficients of determination (R2) showed that the changes in the variable are significantly dependent on changes in independent variables of the research. Due to being positive Subscription index and redundancy index and three values of 0.01, 0.25, 0.36, which are introduced as low, intermediate, and high GOF values and obtaining 0.50 for GOF, the appropriate fit of the model was confirmed.

The model explained to investigate the factors affecting the realization of the elderly-friendly city of Ahvaz also showed that the changes of the dependent variable depend to a considerable extent on the changes of the independent variables of the research. In other words, independent research variables can explain up to 50% of the dependent variable, indicating the proposed model’s desirability.

The increasing trend of population has caused cities to face significant physical development in recent years. In many cities, unplanned physical development has been associated with environmental degradation and environmental hazards. One of the areas that has faced with a lot of physical development in recent years is the city of Hendijan in Khuzestan province. In this research, Landsat satellite images, 30 meters high digital model and different information layers are used as the most important research data. The tools used in the research include ArcGIS (to prepare the desired maps), ENVI (to process satellite images and prepare land use maps) and IDRISI (to implement the LCM model). Also, the most important model used in the research was the LCM model, which was used to evaluate the spatial trend of land use changes. The results of this research have shown that the size of the residential areas of Hendijan city has increased by about 1.6 square kilometers during a period of 30 years. The results of the evaluation of land use changes in the region have shown that during the period of 30 years, 1.15 square kilometers of barren lands, 0.4 square kilometers of agricultural lands and 0.05 square kilometers of gardens have been converted into settlements. Also, the results of the evaluation of the spatial trend of changes have shown that the highest development rate of the residential areas was related to the northern areas of the ​​Hendijan.

According to different experts around the world, smart city has different features and dimensions.  And the implementation of a smart city faces challenges like any other effective matter. The city of Ahvaz is like all the cities that move in the direction of development.  In order to achieve sustainable development, it is necessary to identify and solve these challenges as soon as possible. By solving these problems; Take the steps of sustainable development as fast and better as possible one after the other.
The goal of the smart city is to achieve the integration of urban services, business, transportation, water, energy and other urban subsystems by combining and analyzing data collected through sensors and information and communication technology. The purpose of this study is to prioritize the obstacles and challenges facing the smart city in Ahvaz.
This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the present study was 42 experts in this field. Library-field method (questionnaire) was used to collect information. In this study, eight barriers (management and organization, technology, individuals and communities, political context, environment, economy, governance, infrastructure) have been evaluated statistically and the data obtained through PROMETHEE visual software have been analyzed., To prioritize effective criteria in a smart urban city.The results showed that the environmental index with a pH of + 0/6044 had the highest weight and the index of individuals and communities with a weight of pH 0/2967 had the lowest scoring priority of the challenges facing the smart city.
The results showed that until the people's participation and cooperation and attention to the improvement of urban planning on the part of the people and officials are strengthened, it is not possible to move towards a smart city. Other factors such as weak management of the city administration, failure to remove legal and regulatory obstacles, lack of alignment of organizational and project goals, resistance to change and lack of inter-organizational and inter-departmental cooperation, etc., also require the attention of city officials and planners.

Land surface temperature (LST) is one of the important parameters in the study of climate change and physical processes of the earth's surface. Rising land temperature causes the phenomenon of heat islands, which is caused by changes in land-use and land cover in urban areas and today has become a major environmental concern. Ahvaz metropolis, as the capital of Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran, has undergone many changes in land-use and land cover in recent years and has enjoyed significant population growth. In recent years, the pattern of unbalanced urban development in Ahvaz has led to the destruction of agricultural lands, vegetation and gardens around the city as one of the most important factors balancing the land surface temperature. This has led to an increase in land surface temperature and the formation of heat islands. The purpose of this study is to investigate land-use changes in Ahvaz and its effects on spatio-temporal patterns of land surface temperature and heat islands in the years 2002-2021.

First, the land-use changes were studied and then, in order to evaluate the relationship between the changes in each Land-use and the land surface temperature, the maximum temperature in each land-use was determined and then the amount of changes was investigated. Landsat 7 ETM+ (2002) and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS (2013/2020) images downloaded from the USGS. Object-oriented method was used for classification. Educational samples were implemented on the image surface and their corresponding objects were selected as educational samples for each class. The classification was done by SVM algorithm and the user maps were classified into four classes including vegetation, barren areas, constructed areas and water areas. In this study, estimating the LST was performed base on separate window Algorithm and with Landsat 7 ETM+ band 6 and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS band 11 data. In this Study, LST was estimated using Split-Window (SW) algorithm on Landsat-7 ETM+ and Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS Thermal Infrared (TIR) bands. Then the NDVI values, Vegetation Proportion and Radiated Power were obtained. Finally, The LST value was extracted based on degrees Celsius. In this study, Pearson correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between LST and air temperature. RMSE values was used to compare the estimated temperature by SW algorithm and the measured temperature by Field research. Also, two indices UHII and UHIII were used to calculate the intensity of heat islands. These indices evaluate the LST using the values of vegetation in one area.

According to the results of this study, Kappa coefficients and overall accuracy were 74% and 76% for year 2002 map, 78% and 85% for year 2013 map and 88% and 93% for year 2020 map, respectively. The area of built-up and barren areas has increased and the area of vegetation and water areas has decreased. The rate of increase in land-use of the constructed areas from 2002 to 2020 was about 579.69 hectares and the decrease in vegetation cover was 3200.15 hectares. The barren areas have increased by 2521.66 hectares from 2002 to 2020. Pearson correlation coefficient between air temperature and LST values of 0.65% is obtained, which shows a positive correlation. The RMSe values in comparison with LST and measured temperature by Field research for the images of 2002, 2013 and 2020 was 1.79, 1.66 and 0.98 degrees, respectively. According to the results, the LST values in year 2002 fluctuated about 24.48-42.55, in year 2013 about 26.32-44.47 and in year 2020 about 28.13-46.65 degrees Celsius. The results of LST show an increasing trend of temperature during the period 2020-2020. After estimating the LST, the maximum temperature of each user was determined, which showed the increasing trend of temperature in all applications. The decreasing trend of vegetation has a direct effect on increasing LST in this land-use. The temperature of this land-use has increased by 6.32 degrees in 2002-2020. Over a period of 18 years, the LST in built-up areas and barren areas has increased by 4.10 and 5.26 degrees, respectively. In order to study the spatio-temporal patterns of LST and heat islands, first with NDVI index, vegetation status in each year was divided into three classes of low, medium and high vegetation and then LST values in each category were determined. According to the results, the highest temperature occurred in the floor with low vegetation. The correlation between the two variables LST and NDVI was significant and regression between them showed an inverse correlation that indicated a negative relationship between LST and vegetation. Therefore, vegetation plays an important role in reducing the intensity of the heat island. UHIII index values in the low vegetation class from 0.63 to 0.67, in the medium vegetation class from 0.57 to 0.61 and in the high vegetation class from 0.51 to 0.54 it is arrived. The highest intensity of heat islands in 2002, 2013 and 2020 were in the southern, eastern and northwestern parts of the city, respectively.

According to the research results, land-use changes in the study period have caused an increase in land surface temperature. The highest temperatures have occurred in built-up areas and barren areas; this is due to the increase in the area of built-up and barren areas. Decreased vegetation has a direct effect on increasing LST in this land-use. The NDVI, UHII, UHIII indices and LST values were used to study the spatio-temporal patterns of land surface temperature and heat islands. The results indicate high temperatures in the vegetation with low vegetation. Due to the correlation of NDVI values with land surface temperature and the intensity of heat islands, the necessity and importance of vegetation protection as a very important variable to regulate the air temperature in the city is essential.

In the past decades, due to being in the center of the province, indiscriminate rural-urban migrations, high population growth rate, lack of correct policies in accordance with urban development standards, non-compliance with per capita, and urban densities, Ahvaz city has experienced land changes, so that the residential space has changed a lot compared to other land uses. This has caused a lot of high-quality agricultural land in Ahvaz city to be placed under non-original urban constructions. For this purpose, the aim of the current research is to evaluate the factors affecting the change in urban residential use (case study: Ahvaz metropolis). The research method was descriptive-analytical, the information of which was collected through library studies and by completing a questionnaire. The T-test and the statistical approach of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were used for analyzing the data. The results showed that the conceptual model of the research has a good fit. On the other hand, the findings revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the components of the current research and urban residential use changes. Also, the results of the T-Tech test demonstrated that the highest average and, as a result, the greatest impact on the change in residential use was related to the environmental factor (with an average of 4.01), the economic factor (3.96), the social factor (3.86), and cultural factor (3.52). According to the results, the greatest impact was related to the environmental factor and the least impact was related to the cultural factor. Therefore, in order to take the necessary measures, serious attention from urban and regional managers and planners is required

The need to investigate urban issues in a systematic way, connected to socio-economic fields, is one of the main tasks of urban planning. One of the fields that needs this type of analysis is the field of inefficiency and urban decay, which has been studied and investigated mainly in the form of inefficient and isolated urban textures. In this regard, the lack of recognition of the process of urban decay has made urban plans ineffective in many cases. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to identify the factors and results of urban decay in Iran, and to identify the trends of urban decay.

A quantitative method has been used for this research. The statistical sample equals 10 experts in the field of urban studies. Two models MicMac and ScenarioWizard have been used. The first model is used to identify the influential factors and the second model is used to predict the future trends of the explanatory indicators of urban decay in Iran.

45 indicators related to urban decay were compared. The causal cases were identified. Finally, it was found that widespread financial corruption, distribution of rents from oil (subsidized) revenues, non-integrated urban management, distribution of rents for jobs and government positions, influence of state-government institutions in the creation and joining of new areas to cities are the most causal factors of urban decay. Based on future trend analysis 8 scenarios imply on urban decay with higher rate and 14 scenarios urban decay will continue with current rate.

Paying attention to the results obtained in this research will be efficient for decision makers of macro planning and urban planning at the national and regional levels.

Recognizing the function and pattern of urban network activity in regional areas to identify potentials and assets correctly leads to effectively guiding spatial planning for achieving creative competitiveness and spatial balance at the regional level. The current research attempts to analyze the spatial pattern of activity accumulation and distribution in the urban network of Khuzestan province using a practical and developmental approach, along with a descriptive-analytical method. Activity and employment statistics of 78 urban points in the province, based on data from the Iranian Statistics Center and the regional survey plan of Khuzestan province, have been cited.The results from spatial autocorrelation analysis and the z-score function, as well as the Repilli k function, show that activities related to the agricultural sector have a cluster distribution pattern in the urban network of the province. On the other hand, the activities of the industry and service sectors in the province follow a scattered pattern. Spatial analysis of the activities in the urban network of the province indicates that due to the proximity of cities to each other and the close employment statistics in each of the agricultural, industrial, and service sectors, the northern parts of the province and the southern part (specifically the ports of Imam and Bandar Mahshahr) show the most areas related to hot spots from an activity point of view. Meanwhile, the service function in the urban network of the province, despite having significant employees, exhibits the most cold spots and dispersion, especially in the central areas of the province.

Conducting urban studies from social justice perspective has been recognized as one of the most important approaches in recent years. In this approach, various indicators such as the level of access to urban services is considered as the one of the most important indicators in studying social justice. Planning on urban services without considering social justice means that the equality of all society and fair allocation of urban services for everyone will not be accomplished. The aim of this study was to analyze the indicators of social justice and access to urban facilities and services in Region 1 of Kermanshah city. The importance of the injustice in Kermanshah, especially region 1, is related of domination of unfair allocation of facilities and services. The opinions of 42 experts, university professors, and researchers at research centers were considered. For testing the hypothesis, structural equation modeling technique was used by LISREL software. The results obtained from the path analysis showed that the three indices of difference (0.93), freedom (0.84) and equal opportunity (0.78) have the highest coefficient among the criteria and have the greatest impact on the realization of social justice and fair distribution of municipal services. In general, the independent variable of social justice with a path coefficient of 0.78 has a significant direct impact on the implementation of fair distribution of urban services. Also, regarding implementing the model in the second order, the criteria of equal opportunity, freedom and difference have the greatest positive impact on the fair distribution of urban services with the coefficients of 0.89, 0.88 and 0.80 .respectively. The results showed that the indicators of social justice have a positive and significant impact on the proper distribution of urban services in regions 1 of Kermanshah city.

Housing is a need which has raised in natural and human-made environments different responses and each society, dependent on its needs and facilities as well as economic, socialResearch

The aim of this study and cultural limitations, has shaped it differently. present study was conducted with the aim of an analysis of prioritizing housing indicators in the cities of West Azarbaijan Province.Research

This research is of applied type which tried to evaluate the important and influential components in this area. And to be analyzed, data were collected from the Center for Statistics of the Year of 1395 in West Azarbaijan, Iran. For analysis of the research data, factor analysis and KMO tests were used in SPSS software.

Regarding the results of applying factor analysis, the townships were divided into four enjoyed, relatively enjoyed, deprived and very deprived levels. Findings of the research indicate that Orumieh Township is at the first rank with the score as 3.47 and Chaldaran Township is in the 17th rank with the score -3.25 among 17 townships in West Azerbaijan Province. 23.52% of townships are at the highly enjoyed level, 26.3% at the enjoyed level, 35.29% at the relatively enjoyed level, 23.52% at the deprived level, and 17.64% are at the very deprived level. At last, using cluster analysis and drawing Dendrogram, townships were classified into homogenous townships.

In general, findings indicate the difference and inequality among townships in enjoying housing indicators. These differences indicate changes in the statuses of townships both quantitatively and qualitatively in terms of housing by being affected by natural, economic, social, and political factors.

Urban texture especially Texture worn out and history with the physical, historical and cultural values inherent in itself, Have the best signs of urban identity. Which can be considered as an opportunity for the development and growth of the region, the city or even the country (Babaifard et al., 2015: 2). Due to the age and historical value of these tissues can be between them and the tourism industry, it contributed to the development and improvement of the economic fabric of the country. Therefore, in order to achieve the drivers of this development, Comprehensive and integrated approach and discussion of issues such as the integration of culture and economy Creating creativity, as well as providing infrastructure in the context, can be effective in realizing this. Essentially, creativity is a summary of the common, political and non-political representation of the city. In particular, the role of national and local governments People's participation in shaping the city's social and economic policies should be increased (Liu and et al, 2017: 2). In fact, today, the review of urban texture with a tourism approach there is a direct relationship with creativity and sustainability in the context and in order to create tourism, sustainability must be considered in all social, economic, environmental and physical dimensions (García et al., 2015; 1016 Romeiro, 2016: 3). So that it can be achieved through the creativity of a sustainable city of tourism (Wise, 2016: 42).

Today, land use change has become a very important challenge in many countries and land use has changed along with the rapid urban growth and under the influence of the urbanization process and need of citizens for diverse uses, and process of these changes is a process that leads to create a proper understanding of the interaction between humans and the natural environment, and this issue is more important in sensitive urban areas. The aim of the present study is to investigate the factors affecting urban land use changes in Ahvaz metropolis. The current research is a descriptive-analytical investigation. The sample size is estimated to be 200 people based on Sample Power software. In order to break down and analyze the questionnaires, different statistical softwares such as SPSS 27, Amos 24, statistical methods of structural equation modeling, and one-sample T-test have been used. The results along with the conceptual model of the test show that a strong and significant relationship has been observed between four political-legal, physical, socio-demographic, and economic factors with land use change (p<0.05) and the fit indices. The model also shows the appropriateness of the data with the conceptual model and as a result the model is approved. Also, the T-Tech test of a sample checking the averages show that the highest average and as a result the greatest impact on land use change was related to the economic factor, the physical factor, the social-demographic factor, and the political-legal factor respectively. Based on the results, the influence of economic and physical factors can be considered high, and socio-demographic and political-legal factors have a moderate effect on the change of urban land use.

The disasters of recent years indicate that communities and individuals are getting increasingly vulnerable and risks are progressively growing. Nonetheless, the need to reduce risks and vulnerabilities are often ignored up until the occurrence of disasters. In the study at hand, which was done based on the descriptive-analytical method, it was tried to examine and predict the vulnerability perspective of the areas located within District six of Ahvaz metropolis during a potential earthquake based on the main purpose of this study. The theoretical data of the study was collected through library research method. After the extraction of the related indices, the spatial analysis of each index was carried out through fuzzy Delphi method, IHWP vulnerability model, and GIS software analyses. The analysis of the findings illustrated that considering the first and second priorities of the crises management, 15.03 percent of all areas of the district under study are highly vulnerable to earthquake. That is to say, in case of a strong earthquake in the district, they will be vulnerable. The study concluded that the physical qualities of the building are as important as the factors such as land use, population density, and time of earthquake occurrence. These have all effective roles in the vulnerability rate and the rescue activities.