فهرست مطالب سید جواد آقاجری

Underground economy with its complex, diverse and widespread aspects leads to various economic and social issues, obscure data and statistics, inadequate performance of socio-economic policies, and finally, the slowdown of the development process in different societies. Studies conducted about the underground economy have mainly focused on estimating the size of the underground economy or the effects of this phenomenon on macroeconomic variables. Given the impartible linkage of underground economy with social and cultural issues, the consequences of underground economy on society and social development have been less addressed. Therefore, the main objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of underground economy on social development in selected countries of the Middle East during the period 2000-2015 using panel data approach. The results indicated that the underground sector and income inequality had a negative and significant effect on the social development. On the other hand, the increase of government expenditures on the level of health and education had positive and significant effects on the level of social development.

From a macroeconomics point of view, achieving economic growth and stability are two main targets of demand-management policies. Thus, this paper is aimed at examining the long term and short term relationship between fiscal and monetary shocks and economic growth in Iran during 1342-86 (1963-2007) periods. Using Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag models, estimated parameters show that in the long term, there is a asymmetric relation between fiscal shocks and economic growth. However, long term relation between monetary shocks and economic growth is not significant. As a 10 percent increase in positive government expenditure shocks leads to less than 10 percent increase in long term and short term economic growth, the long and short term relations between fiscal policy and economic growth is inelastic. Further, the ECM coefficient (0.532) reveals that the relationship between fiscal and oil shocks and economic growth is unbalanced and the annual depreciation speed is 53.2 percent.