فهرست مطالب فاطمه حمزوی

The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is one of the most destructive pests of tomato in field and greenhouses. Llife history and population growth of this pest were investigated on three solanaceous plants including four varieties of tomato (Western Red, Matin, Serin, and Rio-Grand), three varieties of eggplant (White-Casper, Ravia, and Pearl-Ground) and three varieties of sweet pepper (Bachata, Lorca, and Nirvin). The developmental time, survival, longevity, and fecundity of the pest on the leaves of tested varieties were investigated. The experiments were conducted at 25 ± 2°C, relative humidity of 65 ± 5% and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L: D) h. The results of the statistical comparison of the varieties within each host plant showed that life table parameters of the insect were not significantly different on tomato varieties and on eggplant varieties. However, among pepper varieties, the net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase, and finite rate of increase rate on variey Lorca were higher than on Nervin and Bachata. The results of comparison among varieties of different hosts showed that the highest immature survival was observed on tomato, varieties Serin and Matin, and the lowest survival was seen on pepper, varieties Lorca and Nirvin. The longest developmental time was obtained on pepper, varieties Bachata and Nirvin. The lowest fecundity and the shortest oviposition period were found on pepper, varieties Bachata and Nirvin. The net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase, and finite rate of increase were lowest on pepper, varieties Bachata and Nirvin, and other varieties showed no significant differences. In general, tomato varieties were susceptible,, and eggplant variety White-Casper and pepper varieties Bachata and Nirvin were partially resistant against T. absoluta. This information provides the possibility of using these varieties in order to manage T. absoluta populations during its outbreak.

The cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a destructive insect pest of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.), in the field and storage, causes significant losses in seed weight, germination ability, and the market value. The effect of cowpea (Mashhad cultivar) fertilization with chemical fertilizers (triple superphosphate (TSP) and urea) and some biofertilizers (Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Pseudomonas putida, mycorrhizal fungi) was studied on biology and life table parameters of C. maculatus at 28 ± 1°C, relative humidity of 65 ± 5%, and complete darkness. The highest immature survival (%) was on the grains treated with P. putida and control (97.75 and 95.69%, respectively), and the lowest survival was on the grains fertilized with TSP and B. japonicum (65.06 and 75%, respectively). Although the developmental time of C. maculatus reared on TSP- and B. japonicum-treated grains was longer than the control, the intrinsic rate of increase (0.124 day-1) and net reproductive rate (34.34 offspring) on the grains treated with TSP were lower than the control (0.143 day-1 and 51.07 offspring, respectively). Results of this research showed that the nutritional value of the grains obtained from TSP and B. japonicum treatments were lower than those obtained from other fertilizer treatments.

In this study thirteen species of subfamily Eumeninae are recorded from the Sistan-o Baluchestan province (South East of Iran). Among the studied material, five species including Cyrtolabulus karachiensis Gusenleitner, 2006; Cyrtolabulus syriacus (Giordani Soika, 1968); Stenancistrocerus biblicus (Giordani Soika, 1952); Stenodynerus trotzinai (Morawitz, 1895) and Tachyancistrocerus quabosi Giordani Soika, 1979 are recorded for the first time from Iran. Stenancistrocerus biblicus also represents a new generic record for the faun of Iran.

Malaria is an infectious disease infecting 200 - 300 million people annually. Environmental factors such as precipitation, temperature, and humidity can affect its geographical distribution and prevalence. The environmental factors are also effective in the abundance and activity of malaria vectors. The present study aimed at presenting a model to predict the type of malaria. This cross-sectional study was conducted using the data of 285 people referring to a health center in Saravan from June 2009 to December 2016. Clementine 12.0 was used for data analysis. The modeling was done using classification and regression decision trees, chi-squared automatic interaction detector, C 5.0, and neural network algorithms. The accuracy of classification and regression decision trees, chi-squared automatic interaction detector, C5.0, and neural network was 0.7217, 0.6698, 0.6840, and 0.6557, respectively. Classification and regression decision trees performed better than the other algorithms in terms of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, precision, negative predictive value, and area under the ROC curve. The sensitivity and area under the ROC curve were 0.5787 and 0.66 for classification and regression decision trees. Applying data mining methods for the analysis of malaria’s data can change the current attitude toward malaria type determination. Faster and more precise identification of malaria type helps determine the proper cure and improve the performance of health organizations.

Medication error is a preventable event that can lead to patient harm. The Pharmacy Information Systems (PISs) promise to reduce medication errors. Considering the importance of these systems, the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of pharmacy information systems in Shiraz hospitals.

This descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study was conducted on 31 pharmacies in Shiraz hospitals in 2018. Data were analyzed using standard checklist for the evaluation of hospital information system (HIS). After analyzing the data normalization by Shapiro-Wilk test, ANOVA test was used. Data were entered into SPSS version 24 software.

Public, private, and non-public hospitals had respectively the highest average scores in the pharmacies information systems. In terms of the performance of pharmacies information systems, most public (61.1%) and private (60%) hospitals and all non-public hospitals (100%) were at moderate level. In addition, there was no significant relationship between different dimensions of performance of the pharmacy information systems and hospital ownership type. 

It is necessary that the designers and analysts of the pharmacies information systems, while cooperating and consulting with users of these systems, pay more attention to design and modify the pharmacy information systems.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease. NAFLD is characterized by elevated liver enzymes and serum ferritin concentration due to damage and abnormal function of liver cells. Increased level of serum ferritin as a parameter of liver function is commonly observed. The aim of this study was to determine the agreement between serum liver with liver and ferritin echogenicity in NAFLD patients. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 60 NAFLD patients confirmed by ultrasonography in Tabriz. Fasting blood samples were taken for assessment of Alanin aminotransferase, Aspartat aminotransferase and ferritin level. Weight and height were measured. Liver enzymes ratio were estimated and classified into tertile. The mean of serum ferritin was126.34±108.25 ng/ml and was significantly associated with severity of liver echogenisity (p=0.016). Significant relationship was observed between fatty liver severity and ALT/AST ratio (p=0.004) with good agreement (Kappa value= 68.3%) while the ratio of ferritin to liver enzymes was not significantly associated with the severity of NAFLD. This study suggests significant agreement between severity of fatty liver and ferritin and liver enzymes ratio in NAFLD patients but not with the ratio of ferritin to liver enzymes.

Toxocariasis is a zoonotic disease caused by the migration or presence of Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati larva in human tissues or organs. Human become infected by ingestion of soil or contaminated raw or half-cooked meat (Paratenic hosts) containing Toxocara larva. The present study was conducted to determine Toxocara infection in the dog and cat owners and compare the results with infection in individuals who do not have the history of keeping these pets.

In this descriptive-analytical study, by random sampling, 558 (405 individuals who do not have dog and cat and 153 dog and cat owners) of 2-20 years old persons were selected in Tabriz during 2009-2010. Serum samples were investigated using ELISA method for the presence of anti-toxocara antibodies and data were analyzed using Chi-square test.

Totally, 162 samples (94 from people in contact and 68 from people without any contact with dog and cat) had anti-toxocara IgG. Total of 558 individual samples (235 men and 323 female) 396(70.96%) were negative and 162(29.03%) were positive. There were no significant association between Toxocara infection and gender (P=0.275).

According to the results of this study, much of the dogs and cats owners were exposed to parasite. Training of dogs and cats owners, promotion of their awareness about various ways of transmission and examination of the infections in dogs and cats and prevention of these infections are recommended.

This study was aimed to measure the variation of secreted immunoglobulin A's concentration in subject's saliva as an index of body's immune system reaction after watching aggressive films. Twenty two female students from the University of Tehran participated voluntarily in this study. Participants were randomly allocated in one experimental and one control group. The experimental group watched an aggressive film, while the control group watched a family film. Based on the repeated measurement design, saliva samples were collected in a 5 minute period before and after seeing each film in similar conditions. The samples, then, were analyzed using the Elisa analyzer. The outcome data were analyzed using covariance analysis method. Results revealed a significant increase in the concentration of sIgA after watching aggressive film. This increase was also significant compared to the increase produced by watching the family film in control group. It can be concluded that watching an aggressive film can affect the concentration of sIgA in saliva. This increase in concentration of sIgA is comparable to that of being exposed to an acute stress, or as the other studies showed that of watching horror films.

This study examines the relationship between sex roles, narcissism, and adjustment in the Iranian female youth. The number of students who completed the Personal Attribute Questionnaire, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), along with measures of self-esteem and empathy as the markers of adjustment is 147. Overall, the data indicated that masculinity was positively related to whole narcissism scale. This relationship is apparent in both adjusted and maladjusted components of narcissism; that is Authority and Self Sufficiency for adjusted ones and exploitativeness for maladjusted one. Masculinity also positively related to self-esteem and negatively to empathic concern. On the other hand, femininity was negatively related to NPI in whole and Authority, Self Sufficiency (adjusted ones), and entitlement (maladjusted one) subscales. It also had negative relationship with self-esteem and positive relationship with empathic concern. Androgyny appeared the healthiest sex role because of positive relationship with Authority, self-esteem, and perspective taking and also not being related to maladjusted narcissistic components such as exploitativeness and entitlement. Multiple analyses of variance indicated that sex roles were different in subscales of narcissism, self-esteem, empathic concern, and personal distress. These results somehow confirmed previous results about relationships between masculinity and narcissism and also relationship between androgyny and adjusted functioning. However the negative relationship of femininity with self-esteem and adjusted narcissism was in contrast with previous findings in western countries and perhaps the reflection of cultural norms in Iran which was discussed.