فهرست مطالب محمدرضا ذوالفقاری

Successful delivery of a gene to a target cell requires the development of a safer and more efficient gene transfer system. This study aimed to evaluate the transfection efficiency of cationic virosome derived from vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) as a hybrid nano-carrier compared to two commercial transfection reagents including Lipofectamine™ 2000 and, GenJet™ in HEK-293 and, Vero cell lines.

The transfection efficiency of VSV cationic virosome, Lipofectamine™ 2000, and GenJet™ was evaluated in HEK-293 and Vero cell lines using pEGFP-N1 plasmid transfection, fluorescent microscopy, and flow cytometry methods. Also, the toxicity of cationic virosome and commercial transfection reagents was investigated by the MTT test. The inhibitory effect of NH4Cl on virosome transfection efficiency was analyzed by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry.

Our findings showed that the highest level of EGFP expression was obtained in cells transfected with Lipofectamine™ 2000. Transfection efficiency was significantly increased in both cells transfected with virosome/pEGFP-N1 compared to pEGFP-N1/GenJet™ (P< 0.05, P< 0.01). In addition, the results of cell viability analysis by MTT were consistent with the results obtained from the evaluation of transfection efficiency. Cells transfected with lipofectamine™ 2000 showed the highest survival rate. Cell viability was significantly higher in cells transfected with VSV cationic virosomes compared to cells transfected with GenJet™ (P< 0.05). The results showed that transfection was inhibited in HEK-293 cells treated with NH4Cl.

VSV-derived cationic virosome containing VSV-G is an efficient hybrid nanocarrier with broad cellular tropism, which provides new insight into its application as a gene delivery system in gene therapy studies.

The present article seeks to compare the discourse of music during the Constitutional period with the 1979 revolution. In the Constitutional period, the ballads of Aref Qazvini and then Mohammad Taqi Bahar (late Qajar and early Pahlavi period) have been selected as examples; Aref is the most famous composer of this period, whose works have remained in the social and musical history of Iran. "Chavush Music Center" has also been chosen as an example for the ballads of the 1979 revolution; This center is the most famous and also the most coherent music group that has created its revolutionary works based on Iranian musical instruments. The social differences of the two periods have also produced different content; Therefore, the poems of the constitutional period have less of an epic mood and are more sad narrating the social situation. Poems during the 1979 revolution, especially the ballads composed by the Chavoush Center, were mostly epic in nature, and they were meant to excite the society. This situation can also be seen in terms of form; The music of the79th revolution period is march-like and exciting and generally "martial" in contrast to the constitutional music which is sad and glorious, and both of these show the social status and social discourse of each period.

Energy homeostasis as a metabolic control pathway can be investigated from different dimensions. The present study aimed to assess the effect of eight weeks of aerobic and resistance training on adropin, spexin, and TNFa, as well as insulin resistance indices, in obese men with type 2 diabetes.

In this quasi-experimental study, 30 obese men with type 2 diabetes in khoy in 2022 were selected and randomly assigned to three groups: control, aerobic exercise, and resistance exercise. Aerobic and resistance training (three sessions per week) was performed for eight weeks. In the pre-test and post-test stages, the levels of serum adropin, spexin, and TNFa, as well as the indices of insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity, were measured. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24) using Shapiro-Wilk, t-test correlated, and one-way analysis of variance test to investigate intra-group and inter-group effects, respectively.

Aerobic and resistance training causes significant changes in fat percentage, fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, and LDL in obese men with type 2 diabetes (P≤0/05). Moreover, in the between-group comparison, aerobic exercise causes significant changes in mean blood pressure, insulin, Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), adropin, and spexin levels in obese men with type 2 diabetes (P≤0/05).

Participation in an aerobic exercise program with moderate intensity exerts more marked effects on adropin and spexin indices compared to resistance exercise. It is recommended to consider aerobic training programs in diabetic people as an effective factor in therapeutic intervention.

Inactivity causes adverse changes in appearance, such as metabolic obesity, such as disturbance in the fat profile. Studies have shown that exercises and Garcin administration improve the conditions of metabolic factors related to overweight. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the combined prescription of resistance exercises and Garlic consumption on the concentration of lipoproteins, triglycerides and cholesterol in inactive overweight men. Forty healthy and inactive young men (18 to 35 years old) with a body mass index higher than 25 to 30 kg/m2 were randomly divided into 4 homogeneous groups: 1) exercise + garcin, 2) garcin, 3) resistance training and 4) Controls were divided. Garcin was prescribed in the form of 500 mg tablets for 8 weeks, two times a day (morning and night, after dinner) and the exercise protocol included weight training for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week for 30-60 minutes with an intensity of 70-80 The power percentage was maximum. Serum concentrations of HDL, LDL, TG, glucose and total cholesterol were measured before and after 8 weeks. For data analysis, one-way variance test and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used at a significant level (p0.05). Resistance training and garcin alone as well as combined administration caused a significant decrease in the concentration of LDL, TG and glucose and a significant increase in the concentration of HDL in the blood (P0.05). A significant difference was observed between the combined group (exercise and garcin) with the exercise group or the garcin group alone. So that the combined administration of these two led to better results (P0.05). Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that the simultaneous consumption of garlic and resistance training may have positive metabolic effects on the fat profile of overweight people. Also, the results of this research can be cautiously assumed to be effective in reducing cardiovascular diseases related to lipoprotein imbalance.

Cancer is one of the most common causes of human mortality in today's societies, and extensive efforts are being made to combat it. EGFRVIII is a tumor-specific antigen that is not observed in normal tissues, making it possible to target cancerous tissues without damaging normal tissues. ANTI-EGFRVIII-based immunotoxins can lead to the death of cancer cells that express an excessive amount of the EGFRVIII receptor by directing toxic components to these cells.

The objective of the present study is to develop a new human immunotoxin against EGFRVIII (huscFv-PE38) by genetically fusing a single-chain human anti-EGFRVIII antibody with a truncated form of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (PE) (PE38KDEL).

The PE-38 exotoxin A fragment was amplified using PCR and attached to pET22b-antiEGFRVIII huscFv. The reaction was confirmed by PCR and enzymatic digestion. The immunotoxin was expressed in E. coli BL21 (plysS) and then purified using Ni-NTA chromatography. After that, the purified immunotoxin reaction was evaluated using ELISA methods.

The PCR and restriction digestion experiments confirmed the accuracy and integrity of the designed immunotoxin structure. Purification of the expressed immunotoxin using Ni-NTA chromatography column resulted in a highly pure, non-recombined immunotoxin with a molecular weight of 60 kDa shown on SDS-PAGE gel.

The results of this study demonstrate that the designed immunotoxin was successfully cloned, expressed, and purified, and can be considered as a promising candidate for the inhibition of EGFRVIII-positive cancer cells.

Caffeine is a purine alkaloid with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.This study aims to evaluate the effect of long-term caffeine consumption and aerobic exercise on seruminterleukin-6 (IL-6) level and body composition in obese men.

In this quasi-experimental study, 40 obese men (Mean age=32.8±2.74 years, bodymass index=30.98±1.37 kg/m2) were randomly divided into four Group of 10 including placebo, supplementation,placebo + exercise, and supplementation + exercise. The aerobic exercise program includedrunning for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, each for 25-45 minutes with an intensity of 55-85% of themaximum heart rate. The supplementation group received 500 mg caffeine daily and the placebo groupreceived 500 mg capsules of 2% maltodextrin. Blood samples were taken following 12 hours of fastingbefore and 48 hours after the last training session to measure IL-6 level. Data were analyzed using onewayANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. The significance level was set 0.05.

In the exercise+supplementation and placebo+exercise groups significant decreases werereported in the serum level of IL-6 compared to the supplementation and placebo groups in thepost-test phase (P<0.05). There was also a significant decrease in body composition of groupsplacebo+exercise, exercise+supplementation, and supplementation compared to placebo group inthe post-test phase (P<0.05).

Aerobic exercise alone and in combination with long-term caffeine consumption can reduceIL-6 level and improve body composition in obese people.

Halophilic microorganisms have the potential to produce new biomolecules, including anti-cancer compounds, for medical applications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-cancer properties of pigments extracted from native Iranian halophilic Archaeon.

Pigment extract of Haloarcula sp. previously isolated and identified from Aran-Bidgol Lake was extracted. The effect of the extracted pigment on MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell line was tested by MTT method and PI and FITC staining. Cells with different concentrations of pigment extract were incubated for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Finally, the expression of apoptotic genes, including BAX, CASP3, CASP7, CASP9, P21, P53, and SOX2, was examined by Real-Time PCR. Statistical analyses of the data were performed using the t-test and Repeated-Measures ANOVA.

Compared to untreated cells, the pigment extract inhibited the viability of MDA-MB-468 cells significantly after 48 hours at a concentration of 45.95 μg/ml (p*<0.05). In addition, the total population of early and late apoptotic cells (44.4%) increased in the studied cell line, which was associated with a
significant enhancement of the expression of the P53, BAX, CASP7, and CASP9 genes.

Halophilic archaea can be considered a suitable source of natural pigments with anti-cancer activity and potential benefits in chemotherapy.

A study was performed in the Persian capital province of Tehran to assess frequency of Para tuberculosis in its operating cattle farms. As many as 8,000 cows were screened by a homemade ELISA system. Milk specimens were collected from detected reactor to perform confirmatory PCR-16srRNA, PCR-IS900 and PCR IS1311 experiments plus bacterial culture on specific media in search for Mycobacterium avium subsp Para tuberculosis (MAP). While among the 25 ELISA positive(0.3%) animals eight cases produced positive results in PCRs(0.1%) only three appeared positive in MAP isolation(0.04%). In deduction, we assume when it comes to selection of control measures against Ptb, in an environment with presumably high prevalence of Ptb like Tehran, ELISA is a much more sensible detection system compared to the zero false-positive method of bacterial culture.

Formation of free radicals in the kidney cells of diabetics leads to apoptosis of them and eventually nephropathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intervals and aerobic exercise along with astaxanthin supplementation on the expression levels of BAD, BAX and Bcl2 genes in the kidney tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes.

35 male Wistar rats with an average weight of 197.46±15.55 grams were randomly divided into two non-diabetic (5 healthy controls) and diabetic (30) groups, and after induction of diabetes, they were randomly divided again in 6 groups (with 5 rats in each group) including diabetic control, diabetes+supplement, diabetes+interval, diabetes+supplement+interval, diabetes+aerobic, diabetes+aerobic+supplement. The exercise intervention groups performed the program of aerobic and interval exercises for eight weeks as five days per week. Supplement groups received 3 mg of astaxanthin supplement per kilogram of body weight dissolved in 0.3 ml of olive oil by gavage every day. The expression levels of BAD, BAX, and Bcl2 genes were measured in the kidney tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used for data analysis.

All exercise intervention protocols and astaxanthin supplementation had significant effects on the BAD index in the kidney tissue of the type 2 diabetic rats (p=0.001). All groups, except endurance training (p=0.890), had significant effects on BAX index in the kidney tissue of type 2 diabetic rats (p=0.001). Also, the use of astaxanthin supplement along with endurance training caused significant changes in Bcl2 index compared to single endurance training (p=0.001).

The intervention of aerobic and interval exercises with or without astaxanthin supplementation in the eight-week intervention period has positive effects on the apoptotic biomarkers in the kidney tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes.

Influenza vaccines based on conserved proteins are being developed persistently. The conserved protein vaccines based on Nucleoprotein (NP) are highly protected vaccines against influenza viruses that can be used as a Universal vaccine. Aluminum hydroxide (Alum) is the most common adjuvant used in vaccine formulation to improve immunization by altering the epitopes’ folds. However, due to its toxic effects on the nervous system, especially in infants and young children exposed to multiple vaccine injections during brain development, it is better to use more desirable options such as carbohydrate-based adjuvants. Sucrose ester (SE) is a carbohydrate and non-ionic surfactant that is compatible with the human body and environmentally friendly. This study evaluated the immunogenicity of recombinant NP molecule prepared in a prokaryotic with the accompaniment of sucrose ester adjuvant against lethal influenza virus challenge in a Balb/c mice model.

The recombinant vector of PET-28a-NP was used to produce NP molecule. The vaccines containing an NP with or without Alum or sucrose ester adjuvants were injected into the mice. The Effectiveness and immunogenicity were examined by evaluating the humeral immunity induction by Immunoglobulin G (IgG), and its subunits production, and cellular immunity induction by Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ) and Interleukin-4 (IL-4) production by ELISA Method and also animal’s surveillance was documented. The study took part at the Influenza and other respiratory viruses department of Pasteur institute of Iran in November 2018.

The animals’ surveillance in the Np group was 57.1%, NP+SE was (71.4%), and NP+SE was 64.28%. Also, IgG and its subunits, IL4, and IFN-γ production in both Alum and SE combined vaccines compared to NP alone were significant.

In combination with the carbohydrate adjuvant containing sucrose ester compared to the formulation with alum adjuvant, the NP could provide proper and considerable protection and immunity against the homologous strain (H1N1) of the Influenza A virus. It is recommended that SE usage as an adjuvant results in an adequate immune response and less toxic effect.

The prevalence of diabetes has made necessary changes in lifestyle to prevent its complications. In this study, the effect of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with staxanthin supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers in the cardiac tissue of diabetic rats was investigated.

In this study, 42 male rats (age six weeks), after induction of type 2 diabetes,were randomly divided into seven groups (six in each group): 1)diabetic control; 2) diabetic Sham; 3) diabetes+supplement; 4) diabetes+HIIT; 5) diabetes+HIIT+supplement; 6) diabetes+MICT; and 7) diabetes+MICT+supplement. The HIIT groups ran with an intensity of 80% VO2max, and MICT groups ran with an intensity of about 65% to 75% VO2max on the treadmill (five sessions per week for eight weeks). The supplement was taken daily at a dose of 3 mg per kg. The cardiac tissue was removed 24h after the last training session (night fasting). Inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1b, IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP) of the cardiac tissue were measured by Western blotting.

After eight weeks of training, inflammatory biomarkers showed a significant decrease compared to the control group (p<0.05), and no significant changes were observed in the supplement group.

Due to the effect of MICT and HIIT in reducing inflammatory biomarkers, it can be used as a therapeutic strategy. It seems that the MICT with supplements may have more effective in these patients, while supplements alone have no effect on inflammatory markers.

Discarded as wastes, parts of the agricultural products can be used for feed productivity as well as management of animal feed production. Production of various products is possible using appropriate processing. The objective of the present study was to use laccase of Albifimbria viridis in degradation of agricultural residues and to produce compounds with herbicide properties.

The fungi were isolated from agricultural soils. The isolates were identified using morphological detection and PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer. Supernatants were collected from semi-solid cultures and laccase activity was assessed using 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) substrate. This was carried out using n-hexane and degradation of the agricultural residues was investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results and

Growth of the fungal isolate in culture media with tannic acid was studied using scanning electron microscopy. In total, the isolate produced 50 U ml-1 laccase. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses revealed production of oxime, methoxy-phenyl and 2-cyclopenten-1-one for tannic acids, o-guaiacol, tetradecane, hexadecane, octadecane, octadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid and benzene, 1,3-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) for sorghum seeds and 2-acetyl-5-methylfuran, phenol, 2-methoxy and benzene, 1,2-dimethoxy for wheat straw during fungal growth (0.73 mg ml-1). Results have shown that the laccase enzyme produced from Albifimbria viridis native strain is capable of hydrolytic cleavage of chemical pollutants from agricultural wastes for herbicide bioremediation.

Diabetes, as a chronic metabolic disorder with a high prevalence, highlights the importance of ongoing research and the need for new methods to prevent and treat this epidemic disease.The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in fibrosis and apoptosis of heart tissue in diabetic rats following two aerobic and interval training methods with astaxanthin supplementation. 35 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into7groups after induction of diabetes, including diabetic control, diabetes sham, diabetes+aerobic exercise+supplement. Diabetes+ intervalexercise + supplement, diabetes + interval, diabetes + aerobic, diabetes + supplement were included. Interval training for 8 weeks with 5 sessions per week with an intensity of 80% vo2max and aerobic training with an intensity of about 65 to 75% Vo2max was performed on the treadmill.The protein content of Cas3, COL4a1 and fibronectin were measured by Western blotting. COL4a1 protein content in both training and combination groups and supplement group showed a significant decrease with the control group. Also, the content of Cas3 and fibronectin protein in the combined and aerobic groups was significantly reduced compared to the control group, but there was no significant difference in the content of these proteins between the supplement and interval groups compared to the control group. It seems that the synergistic effects of exercise with different intensities along with astaxanthin supplementation prevent the upward trend of apoptosis and fibrosis in the heart tissue of diabetic rats and its subsequent complications such as diabetic cardiomyopathy.

the aim of this study was the isolation of phages able to lyse some strains of MDR-K. pneumoniae (named vB_Kp1 and vB_Kp2) and E. aerogenes (named vB_Ea1) from swages.

Different Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter aerogenesis strains isolated from clinical specimens (January to September 2018) in three Hospitals in Amol, (Mazandaran, Iran). Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method was used for determination of resistance profiles of these isolates using different antibiotics. The resistant strains to multi tested antibiotics (MDR) were selected to investigate the effect of isolated phages from wastewater and hospital sewage. Presence of phage investigated by plaque formation and after enriching and concentrating the isolated bacteriophages and staining the samples, a transmitting electron microscope (TEM) was used to observe the morphology of the bacteriophages. Phage identification tests including host range and One-step growth were performed.

 TEM analysis revealed that tree phages have an icosahedral capsid and long contractile tail. Therefore, they are a member of the Myoviridae family. Phages were able to lyse 14 (56%) of the 25 strains of multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated. The one-step growth curve showed large burst sizes and short latent times.

The formation of clear plaques shows the high lyse power of phages, so they have good potential for further analysis for clinical use as a therapeutic agent in the future.

With the development of diabetes, natural products such as antioxidants are widely used to reduce the progression of diabetes. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the simultaneous effect of two exercise methods with astaxanthin supplement on the levels of cardiac biomarkers and insulin resistance of type 2 diabetic rats.

35 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into seven groups after induction of diabetes, including diabetic control, diabetes sham, diabetes+aerobic exercise+supplement, diabetes+ interval exercise+supplement, diabetes+interval, diabetes+aerobic, diabetes+supplement were included. Interval training for eight weeks with five sessions per week with an intensity of 80% vo2max and aerobic training with an intensity of about 65 to 75% Vo2max was performed on the treadmill. Supplementary groups received 3 mg of astaxanthin daily by gavage after each training session. Serum levels of NtproBNP and CTnT were measured with ELISA and insulin resistance was measured with HOMA-IR. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze of the data.

Levels of NtproBNP and CTnT showed significant difference after eight weeks of combination of aerobic and interval training with supplementation as compared to the control group (P <0.05), but the differences compared to the supplementary group and both training methods were not significant (P >0.05). Insulin resistance in all groups except sham group showed a significant difference as compared to the control group (P <0.05).

The results showed that the combination of both exercise and supplement interventions may prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy due to their antioxidant effects by reducing oxidative stress damage, but was not associated with a dual strengthening effect.

Periodontal disease, which can become a chronic condition, is an inflammatory disease that upsets the soft and hard structures supporting the teeth. The aim of the present study was to design and develop an in-house PCR Method, to detect putative periodontitis-related bacterial pathogens.

The PCR method was launched using specific primers of the five bacteria including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola. Then, the sensitivity and specificity tests were performed for each bacterium after cloning.

Basic specific Primer: hbp Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans، fimA Porphyromonas gingivalis، gene 16s rRNA Prevotella intermedia 16s rRNA Tannerella forsythensis gene and 16s rRNA Treponema denticola 161 bp، 162 bp, 282 bp, 280 bp,173 bp and the sensitivity and specificity tests were performed for this gene.

In order to evaluate and diagnose periodontal diseases using PCR technique, these factors can be identified with high specificity and sensitivity.

The last two decades witnessed the spread of the first generation of influenza viruses. Influenza virosomes are promising tools in vaccine and immunotherapy programs because of their applications in various medical fields. The aim of the present study was to construct cationic virosomes derived from
influenza virus using dialyzable detergent (DCPC) and cationic lipid (DOTAP) in vitro.

Influenza A / Puerto Rico / 34.8 (H1N1) strain was propagated in MDCK cell line. The influenza virus envelope was dissolved using DCPC as a dialyzable detergent, and finally it was removed by dialysis and the cationic virosome was synthesized through adding cationic lipid (DOTAP). Cytotoxicity and presence of HA and NA proteins were evaluated by cell viability assay (MTT assay) and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), respectively. Also, macroscopic and morphology studies of virosomes were performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

The final concentration of virosomes was 1.5 mg/ml. The presence of HA and NA proteins was confirmed by SDS-PAGE. Cell survival was significantly decreased after 48 hours of treatment with
different concentrations of cationic virosomes (P<0.05).

The use of a detergent (DCPC) and also a cationic lipid (DOTAP) is an effective procedure for reconstruction of influenza virus envelope without any alteration in surface glycoproteins (HA, NA). The methoed used in the present study for producing influenza virosome will be a promising candidate for
developing influenza vaccines.

The chronic complications of diabetes are wide-ranging and affect almost all tissues of the body. Cardiac apoptosis is one of the most important cardiac complications of diabetics. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic and interval training with astaxanthin supplement on cardiac tissue apoptosis in type 2 diabetic rats.

In this study, 35 Wistar male rats with a mean weight of 197.46 ± 15.55 g were used. Male rats were randomly divided into 7 groups after induction of diabetes, including diabetic control, diabetes sham, diabetes + aerobic exercise + supplement. Diabetes + Interval + Supplement, Diabetes + Interval, Diabetes + Aerobic, Diabetes + Supplement. Nicotine amide and streptozotocin injections were used to induce type 2 diabetes. Interval exercises for 8 weeks with 5 sessions per week with an intensity of 80% vo2max and aerobic exercises with an intensity of about 65 to 75% Vo2max were performed by running on the treadmill. The expression of bax and bcl2 genes was performed with Real-time-PCR technique and data analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance.

Bcl2 and Bax gene expression in both supplemental aerobic and supplemental interval groups were significantly different from the control group (p <0.05). In addition, a significant difference was observed in Bcl2 and Bax gene expression in the aerobic+supplement group compared to the supplement group (p <0.05). However, no significant difference in bcl2 and Bax gene expression was observed in the interval+Supplement group compared with the supplement group (p <0.05).

Combining both exercise interventions with supplement, especially the combination of supplemental aerobic exercise with the double expression of bcl2 anti-apoptotic index and decreased bax apoptotic index can be used as a treatment to prevent the upward trend of apoptosis in the cardiac tissue of diabetic rats.

The use of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is on the rise throughout the world, especially among young people and even athletes. There is a belief among consumers that exercise prevents the harmful effects of hookah smoke on the body. We examined this belief by evaluation of lung injury following to concurrent WTS and swimming endurance training in male Wistar rats.

Animals were randomly divided to sedentary control (CTL) group, exercise training group (Ex group), sedentary WTS (S) group, and exercise plus WTS (S + Ex) group.

8 weeks of WTS was associated with significant increase in serum level of cotinine, lung damage, reduction in alveolar number AN/SA (mm2) and increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level of lung tissue. Combination of exercise with WTS significantly decreased these negative effects; however, it could not fully protect the lung from smoking damage. Waterpipe smoking (WPS) also significantly increased the pro-inflammatory cytokines of lung tissue such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (P < 0.001), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) (P < 0.010), and IL-6 (P < 0.050) in comparison with CTL group. Exercise training to some degree reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased the level of IL-10 as an anti-inflammatory IL and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in animals exposed to WTS.

It is suggested that combination of mild to moderate exercise with WTS may attenuate the hookah smoking-induced lung damage. This effect partly is mediated through balancing of pro/anti-inflammatory and redox systems.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a severe type of brain tumors with very poor prognosis and a median survival time of about 15 months. To identify new biomarkers and therapeutic approaches, novel methods are crucial to treat GBM, based on the biological and molecular nature of these tumors. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been extensively used with the aim of developing accurate molecular therapies, due to their emerging role in the regulation of cancer-related genes. miRNAs, a class of small non-coding RNA species, have vital roles across various biological processes, which may serve as diagnostic and prognostic tools in GBM.

This review indicated that miRNAs signatures could be used for developing new molecular therapies to enhance the survival of GBM patients. On the other hand, miRNAs regulate a wide range of cellular functions, allowing them to modulate many pathways critical to GBM progression, including proliferation, cell death, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance.

Nowadays, one of the barriers of gene therapy in the treatment of the CNS diseases is the lack of proper and safe carrier systems to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB). Virosomes are virus like particles which can be used in brain if made from neurotropic viruses. The aim of the study was to construct cationic virosomes derived from vesicular stomatitis virus using dialyzable short chain phospholipid (DCPC) and cationic lipid (DOTAP) in-vitro.

The vesicular stomatitis virus was propagated in Vero cell line. Subsequently, the harvested virus was concentrated and purified using ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation and finally, the virosome was synthesized by DCPC detergent and the addition of cationic lipid. Particle size distribution of virosome nanoparticles, cellular cytotoxicity and glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-G) were determined by measuring dynamic light scattering using zetasizer, MTT assay and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), respectively.

The harvested viruses were concentrated and purified by ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation and the final concentration was 0.8 mg/ml. The cationic virosome mean size was 186.6 nm and, the cell viability was significantly decreased after 48 hours of treatment with different concentrations of virosome compared to the control group. The VSV-G protein with molecular weight of 63 kDa was approved by SDS-PAGE.

The use of DCPC is an efficient method for solubilization and reconstruction of vesicular stomatitis virus envelope and does not alter the surface VSV-G. Due to the VSV-G protein and its wide range cell tropism, this cationic virosome can also be a promising candidate for crossing the BBB in order to efficient gene delivery and therapy of CNS diseases.

Biosurfactants are biological surface active compounds produced by fungi, yeast and bacteria. These amphiphilic compounds can reduce surface tension and interfacial tension between individual molecules. The aims of this investigation was screening of biosurfactant producing halotolerant Actinobacteria species from the unexplored regions of Qom saline lake.

About 110 soil actinobacteria isolated strains were initially screened and then teste for their ability to BS production. Conventional screening methods of BS carried out using blood hemolysis, drop collapse method,oil spreading and surface tension measurements. 16S rRNA sequencing was done for the best biosurfactant producer strain. Further the partially purified BS was characterized by TLC, FTIR and compositional analysis. BS production was optimized using different carbon & nitrogen sources and optimized by different culture conditions such as temperatures, pH and stirring rate.

15 out of 110 isolates were able to tolerate high salt concentrations up to 10% . 8 isolated strains were BS producer. Isolate No.9 showed 99% similarity to Microbacterium paraoxidans by 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. Compositional analysis methods proved a glycolipid structure of BS. Sucrose and yeast extract were identified as the most appropriate carbon and nitrogen source, respectively. Maximum production of BS was obtained in pH 7,at temperature 27 oC and stirring rate 170 rpm.

These findings emphasize that such bacterial strains with superior BS production may find their potential application in bioremediation marine and soil ecosystem.

Weakness, intolerance of exercise and eventually muscle atrophy are important features of patients with heart failure. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of high intensity interval training on ubiquitin-proteasome system in fast twitch muscle of post myocardial infarction (MI) rats.

Myocardial infarction was induced by left artery descending ligation for 30 min. 32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8): MI control (MI-CTL), high-intensity interval MI (MI-HIIT), high-intensity interval (HIIT) and Sham- operated. Exercise training was undergoing 40 min, 3 sessions per week for 8-weeks (85-90% VO2max). 24 hours after the last training session, the rats were anesthetized and their extensor digitorum longus (EDL) tissue removed. RT-PCR method was used to measuregene expression (NOX2, TNF-a, NF-KB, P38 MAPK, Murf-1) was used. Data analysis were performed using a one-way ANOVA and Tukey follow up tests, considering as significance level (P < 0.05).

8-week HIIT significantly decreased NOX2, TNF-a in MI-HIIT compared with MI-CTL and Sham (P=0.03). These reductions wereparalleled a significant decrease in activity NF-KB, P38, Murf-1 in MI-HIIT compared with MI-CTL and Sham (P<0.05). Also, NOX2 change in HIIT group was significantly higher than MI-CTL and Sham (P<0.05). According to the results of HIIT probably as an effective treatment, it reduces muscle atrophy in fast muscle contraction of heart patients.

We need the next-generation of whole-inactivated influenza vaccines to create stronger cross-protection against different influenza subtypes. This research aimed to apply the inactivation process of the influenza virus through gamma radiation as a candidate for the development of whole-inactivated vaccines.

 The influenza virus strain A/PR/8/34 (A/Puerto Rico/8/34 [H1N1]) was propagated in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells. After ultrafiltration, the virus infectivity titer was calculated by 50% Tissue Culture Infectious Dose (TCID 50%) method based on the Karber formula. Alternatively, the gamma cell-220 was applied for virus inactivation via gamma rays. The D10 value factor and optimum dose of virus inactivation were calculated based on the dose/survival curve and the initial viral titer. In addition, antigenic properties of irradiated viruses compared to un-irradiated viruses and complete inactivation of the irradiated samples with optimum dose were also evaluated by hemagglutination assay and safety test, respectively.

 The Research Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Iran approved this study (Code: IR.IAU.TMU.REC.1397.309).

 According to the concentrated virus titer (TCID50: 105.75/ml) and dose/survival curve, the D10 value factor and optimum dose of virus inactivation were calculated at 4.878 and 28.048 kGy, respectively. On the other hand, owing to the results obtained from the safety test and hemagglutination assay, the optimum dose of virus inactivation was determined to be 28 kGy by maintaining the antigenic properties.

 Gamma radiation appears to be a good candidate for vaccine development through maintaining the antigenic structures.

 One of the most important causes of nosocomial infections in patients with skin infections is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The occurrence of antibiotic resistance with various mechanisms is one of the problems in treating these patients. The main role in the development of multiple resistance to antimicrobial drugs is played by the MexAB efflux pumps. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of the MexAB efflux pumps in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from skin samples.

In this study 200 swab specimens from patients with skin infections were collected in Qom hospitals. Pseudomonas aeruginosa specimens were confirmed by biochemical tests. The drug susceptibility pattern was compared to ciprofloxacin by disk diffusion method and the phenotypic study of the effects of efflux pumps was done using cartwheel method .

In this study, 89 (45%) samples were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, of which 19 cases (21%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin and more than 54% of the presence of the pump in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa more than 54% of the presence of the pump in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

the presence of more than 54% of the presence of the pump in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is important in order to suggest a suitable therapeutic model for the infected patients. Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, skin infections, efflux pump