فهرست مطالب مریم زمانزاده

Orthodontic appliances are usually in contact with the oral mucosa for a long time due to the length of the long-term treatment and are associated with problems due to the continuous contact and friction created. This study was conducted to investigate the epithelial cells of the mucosa of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.

In this cross-sectional study, smears were collected from three separate areas in 150 patients referred to the dental clinic of Mazandaran University: Area A (slide A): oral mucosa exposed to friction caused by orthodontic brackets, area B (slide B): oral mucosa exposed to friction with the tube on the orthodontic tape and Area C (slide C): oral mucosa without friction, i.e., the lower area of the oral cavity (control area). For histomorphometric analysis, each slide was evaluated with Papanicolaou staining using a light microscope, and the nuclear area (NA), cytoplasmic area (CA), and the ratio of nuclear area to cytoplasmic area (NA/CA) were recorded in square micrometers.

The mean NA was 65.66±22.11, CA was 717.37±1846.53, and NA/CA was 0.037±0.010 square meters. The difference in NA and CA between slides was significant )p<0.001) (slide A

The findings of the study indicate that fixed orthodontic treatment has a significant impact on the nuclear and cytoplasmic area of affected areas compared to non-affected areas. Only some degree of inflammation may be seen in the areas exposed to the orthodontic appliance.

Pain management has always been a challenge in dentistry and especially after endodontic treatments. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the analgesic effect of an herbal medication containing ginger and pineapple extract, curcumin, and bromelain, called Anaheal Plus, after endodontic treatment, compared to Ibuprofen.

In this clinical trial study, 78 patients were randomly selected and divided into two groups. In group A, patients were asked to take 400mg Ibuprofen, whereas patients in group B,took Anaheal Plus before treatment. Pain intensity values were assessed and recorded using VAS scores. Pain was evaluated prior to endodontic treatment, as well as 6, 12- and 24-hours post-treatment. Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, Repeated measure ANOVA and Friedman tests were also applied to analyze the data.

The mean pain scores in groups A and B were 6.46±2.71 and 5.79±2.57 before treatment, 2.95±2.59 and 2.67±2.69 six hours after treatment, 1.49 ± 1.22 and 1.38± 0.79 12 hours after treatment, and 0.65± 0.31and 0.60± 0.28 24 hours after treatment, respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between Ibuprofen and Anaheal Plus groups in terms of the obtained pain scores during different time intervals.

The findings of this study revealed that both Anaheal Plus and Ibuprofen had similar effects in pain alleviation for patients receiving endodontic treatment. Therefore, Anaheal Plus can be considered as an alternative analgesic drug in endodontic treatment due to its fewer side effects in comparison with Ibuprofen

Knowledge of students’ learning styles can facilitate changing teaching methods according to their learning styles and subsequently improve their educational performance. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the learning styles of dental students at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2020 on 184 dental students at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. The dental students at the 5th semester and higher academic levels were selected through the census method, and the data were collected using the VARK Learning Styles Self-Assessment Questionnaire. This is a standard 16-item multiple-choice assessment that identifies preferred learning styles: visual (V), auditory (A), reading/writing (R), and kinesthetic (K). The collected data were analyzed with SPSS V.24  and using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, etc.) and inferential statistics (independent samples t-test).

184 students including 94 men (51%) and 90 women (49%) with an average age of 22.7 years participated in this study. The results showed that the students at Sari Dental School follow different learning styles, and the aural style (37.5%) was the most frequently preferred style for them. However, a significant difference was found between male and female students in terms of their preferred learning styles (p=0.608).

Improving the quality of education requires taking learning styles in the teaching profession and educational tools into account. Teachers’ knowledge of the types of learning styles and choosing the style that is most consistent with students’ learning styles can significantly improve the efficiency of educational courses.

Periodic diagnosis and follow-up of odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts are necessary to prevent malignancies and their consequences and can be of great benefit to health systems. The present study aims to assess the prevalence of odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts in patients attending Sari Bu Ali Hospital.

We reviewed the pathology records (2011-2020) of patients in Sari Bu Ali Hospital and odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts and also demographic data such as gender, age and location of the lesions. The relationships between the type of cysts and sex, age, and location of the lesions were determined by using Chi-square and Fisher's exact test in SPSS V22.

Findings showed 115 cysts; 81 (70.4%) in men and 34 (29.9%) in women. Patients aged 30-44 years old (27.8%) attended the hospital more than other age groups. Odontogenic cysts and non-odontogenic cysts were seen in 97.4% and 2.6% of the cases. Non-odontogenic cysts were seen only in women, while odontogenic cysts were common in both men and women (100% and 91.2%, respectively). The sites with the highest prevalence of cysts in men and women were the mandible and maxilla, respectively.

According to the present study, the frequency of odontogenic cysts was higher than non-odontogenic cysts. Compared with other studies, the prevalence of non-odontogenic cysts was lower in this study and odontogenic cysts were mainly of inflammatory origin.

Thalassemia is a common hereditary disease which is one of the health problems in Iran due to its high prevalence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dental health and treatment needs of patients with major thalassemia in Bandar Abbas.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 80 thalassemic patients referred to Bandar Abbas health centers. The control group consisted of 80 healthy individuals who were selected by age and sex similar to the patient group. The age range of participants was between 4 and 22 years old with an average of 12.36 ± 14.8 years. The demographic data were recorded in the questionnaire and then the caries and dental needs were determined by clinical examination. Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics using the SPSS-21 software.

The mean DMFT of permanent teeth in thalassemia and control group was 5.04 ± 5.07 and 2.9 ± 3.57 respectively, which according to Mann-Whitney test, there was a significant difference between the two groups (P value = 0.015). This rate in deciduous teeth for thalassemia and control groups was 5.59 ±3.36 and 4.05± 2.99, respectively (P value = 0.044). In thalassemia patients, the need for restoration (P value = 0.027) and root canal treatment (P value = 0.013) were higher. There was also a significant difference between DMFT and frequency of tooth brushing in both groups of thalassemia and control group (<0.0001).

Due to the higher level of DMFT in patients with thalassemia major, health education, preventive measures and dental treatments are necessary for these patients.

Dentistry has many traumatic factors, such as poor workplace posture. These factors result in a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among dentists. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of MSDs and its associated risk factors among general dentists in Sari. 

A total of 90 dentists were assessed by the standardized Nordic questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 24), Chi-square test, and multivariate regression models. A ρ-value <0.05 was statistically significant. 

Among all participants, 64.4% were male, 35.6% were female and 75.6% had MSDs. The most common areas of discomfort were neck (43.3%), shoulders (40.0%), upper back (24.4%), lower back (22.2%), and the wrist (17.7%). In addition, 38.8% and 12.2% had moderate and severe pain, respectively. No statistically significant relationship was found between any of the studied risk factors for MSD (p-value> 0.05).

In the present study, neck and shoulder pain were highly prevalent among dentists. It seems that improving posture at the workplace and the role of physiotherapists in providing precise ergonomic guidelines as well as a punctual performance by dentists to maintain health and well-being is crucial.

 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the referral rate for dental services and it's preventing Factors and oral Health related behavior in people with history of drug abuse referred to drug rehabilitation centers in the city of Sari.

This was a cross-sectional study. 120 people with history of drug abuse referred to drug rehabilitation centers in the city of Sari were participated in this study. Data collection was done with standardized questionnaire about demographic data and interview based on the questionnaire about addiction history, oral health related behavior, referral rate for dental services and it's preventing Factors. SPSS V:16 and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. SPSS V16 and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis.

The most common barrier to dental services was “little priority of dental care in life" which was mentioned in 89.2%of people and then "the inability to pay for dental costs"in 68.3% and "fear of dentist and pain during treatment" in about half of them. “Improper access to dental services” was mentioned in more than a quarter of people. Oral health care behavior was poor in people with history of addiction. 52% of them never brush their teeth or brush rarely. 90% of them never floss their teeth or floss rarely. 82% eat sugery food in more than two times a day and the last dental visit was more than a year ago in 68% of them.

  According to the poor oral health related behavior and and the problems that these people are involved with and due to the reasons for less dental visits, appropriate educational, preventive and therapeutic actions seem necessary to improve  the quality of life in people who are being treated for addiction.

In addition to dental problems, the increase in the average age of the population causes various diseases which affect the oral mucosa of the elderly. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of oral lesions and the related risk factors in the elderly residing in nursing homes in Bandar Abbas in 2018.

This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 68 elderly people residing in nursing homes in Bandar Abbas in 2018. The obtained data were recorded in a checklist and analyzed in SPSS software (version 20) using Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, and Fisher exact tests.

Out of 68 elderly subjects, 42 (61.8%) cases were men and 26 (38.2%) were women, and the mean age was reported as 70.59 years. Oral lesions were observed in 69.1% of the subjects. The most observed lesions were pigmentation (42.6%) and the most common sites of lesions were gingiva and alveolar ridge (31.7%). Furthermore, a significant relationship was detected between the presence of oral lesions and smoking (P= 0.034).

The relatively high prevalence of oral lesions in the elderly who were investigated in the current study suggested the need for more serious follow-up and dental examinations in this population.

Decrease in the number of oral microorganisms leads to reduction in caries score. Bacterial therapy, such as using probiotic bacteria, is an alternative procedure in treatment of infections caused by microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of probiotic and non-probiotic yogurt-drink on two common oral microorganisms.

In this experimental study, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of yogurt drinks and diameter of the growth inhibition zone of Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis in probiotic and non-probiotic yogurt drinks were measured using micro broth dilution and disk agar diffusion methods, respectively. Data analysis was done in SPSS V22 applying Mann-Whitney test.

The MIC of non-probiotic yogurt drink against Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans was significantly higher than the probiotic yogurt drink (P= 0.002). The two yogurt drinks did not show any significant differences in the diameter of growth inhibition zone for S. mutans (P= 0.061) and E. faecalis (P= 0.99).

The study showed that probiotic yogurt drink can inhibit E. faecalis and S. mutans more than the non-probiotic yogurt drink, and it may be considered as a preventive agent for oral and dental diseases.

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) or oral aphthous are among the most common problems in adults. Stressful events could cause these ulcers. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis among students in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences and its relationship with anxiety.

In this analytical cross-sectional study, 683 students in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (2018) were selected via random classification. Data were collected using Cattle Anxiety Scale and RAS history form. Data analysis was done in SPSS V22 applying descriptive and analytical tests.

The prevalence of RAS in this study was 21.8%. A significant relationship was found between the history of RAS and anxiety level in students (P= 0.04).

Students investigated showed different degrees of anxiety that affected the rate of RAS. Therefore, appropriate planning and strategies are needed to control anxiety and subsequent problems such as RAS.

Patients with thalassemia major need more dental care because of their special health conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate dental health and therapeutic needs of these patients in Sari, Iran 2018.

A descriptive cross-sectional study was done using a researcher-made form and direct observation in 144 cases attending Sari Thalassemia Center. The subjects included thalassemia patients (41 males and 34 females) and 69 individuals as the control group. The needs for dental treatment and prevalence of dental problems were recorded using Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Data analysis was done in SPSS V24.

There were significant differences between the two groups in DMFT index (P< 0.001), decayed teeth (P= 0.004), and missing teeth (P=0.001). In fact, the values except the mean number of filled teeth were higher in thalassemia patients (P=0.150). Pulp therapy was the most common treatment needed in thalassemia patients while dental filling was more needed in control group.

High prevalence of dental caries in patients with thalassemia major highlights the need for effective preventive measures, appropriate health trainings, and dental treatments in this group.

Background and The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oral health status in people with history of drug abuse.
This cross- sectional study was done in five addiction treatment centres located in Sari, Iran 2016-2017, using random cluster sampling. The Decayed, Missing and Filled teeth (DMFT) index was calculated for 120 samples. ANOVA, T-test, and multiple linear regression model were applied for statistical analysis.
A total of 104 men and 16 women participated in this study. The mean DMFT of subjects was 19.53±8.30 teeth. Individuals with a lower age of the onset of drug abuse, addiction period of ≥ 10 years, and those who brushed less than once a day and took sweet snacks more than three times daily had significantly higher DMFT. Statistical analysis also indicated that age, education, brushing pattern, sweet consumption, duration of drug use and the time of last dental visit showed to have a significant relationship with changes in DT, MT, and FT indexes.
Individuals with a history of drug dependence studied here, had a poor oral health status. Therefore, appropriate educational, preventive and therapeutic actions are required to improve oral health and the quality of life in people with history of drug abuse.

Background and Head and neck cancers are amongst the most common cancers in the world with increasing incidence rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life in patients with head and neck cancers in Babolsar, Iran 2016-2017.
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 65 patients with head and neck cancers attending Babolsar Shahid Rajaii Hospital. The UW-QOL4 was applied and the quality of life was assessed in three stages; before, during, and after treatment. Data analysis was carried out in SPSS V16.
The study population included 49 males (75.4%) with mean age of 62.44±12.44 years and 16 females (24.6%) with the mean age of 59.31±12.27 years. The age range of subjects was 30 to 91 years. Larynx (70%) and tongue (21.5%) were the two most involved areas. The mean scores for patients’ quality of life before, during, and after treatment were 17.7±0.9, 9.1±3.3, and 15.2±2.6, respectively. According to ANOVA analysis these changes were found to be significant (P Quality of life of patients during treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment which increased after treatment. It is suggested to evaluate quality of life of cancer patients along with their treatment to improve their conditions and provide them with appropriate rehabilitation programs.

Background and Most of medical emergencies occurring in dental offices could be life – threatening. So, a dentist must have appropriate knowledge for recognizing and management of these emergencies. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge of dentists and senior dental students on the management of medical emergencies in dental offices.
This analytic cross-sectional research was carried out in Sari among 114 dentists and senior dental students in 2016. A validated questionnaire consisting of 20 questions was administered. The questionnaire included demographic information and also 17 questions about knowledge (scores 14-17: excellent, 11-14: good, 8-11: moderate, and less than 8: poor). Data was analyzed using descriptive and analytical tests in SPSS V20 and a significance level of 0.05 was considered.
The levels of knowledge of participants were found to be poor in 16.7%, moderate in 69.3%, good in 13.2%, and excellent in 1%. There was no significant differences in levels of knowledge between dentists and dental students (P = 0.430) and also between men and women (P= 0.630).
Insufficient levels of knowledge in dentists and senior dental students in Sari on diagnosis and management of dental emergencies call for interventions such as workshops and training programs.