فهرست مطالب ملیحه کبیری نسب

Preserving and increasing the insect biodiversity is considered as one of the most important components in pest control without the use of chemical pesticides and plays an important role in reducing environmental pollution and achieving sustainable development. Dolichopodidae, the long-legged flies, with more than 7500 described species in about 276 genera is the most important and biggest family of the superfamily Empidoidea. Adults and larvae of the most species are predators of other insects. In the present study, in order to investigate the fauna of the family Dolichopodidae, sampling was performed using entomological nets and Malaysian traps in 2017-2018 in Tehran and Alborz provinces. Species diversity studies showed that the diversity of this family in the areas with high humidity and mixed and abundant vegetation is more than other areas.

Fumigant toxicity, repellency and durability of insecticidal effect of Arizona cypress leaves essential oil were investigated against adults of two Coleopteran stored product pests; rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. and saw-toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. The essential oil was extracted by Clevenger-type apparatus. The bioassays were conducted by using 40 ml glass vials as container and Whatman filter paper (1×2 cm) as the essential oil release source. Repellency effect was evaluated by comparing the number of adults in both treated and not-treated portions. The adult’s mortality was increased in consequence of raising the concentrations. The LC50 values of essential oil for these two pests were 456.3 and 235.3 µl/L air, respectively. Adults of sawtoothed grain beetle were more susceptible than rice weevil. The average repellencies of the essential oil against the insects were 72.5 and 94.16%, respectively. These repellencies were as grades of IV and V respectively, of the sextet classification. The essential oil persistence was different depending on the concentration and exposure time of the treatments. Based on the results, C. arizonica essential oil had acceptable efficacy for controlling these stored product pests.

In this research، fumigation efficiency، repellency and persistence of citrus essential oils extracted from dried peels of orange، bitter orange and mandarin (cultivars: Satsuma، Page، Clemantin) were investigated against adults of confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum Duval. The essential oils were extracted by using Clevenger apparatus. 40 ml glass container as bioassay chamber and filter paper (Whatman، N 1) as releasing source of the essential oils were used for evaluating fumigation. Mortalities caused by four concentrations of the essential oils were assayed at 1، 3، 6، 9، 12 and 24 hours after treatment in fumigation effects experiments. Repellency effect of four concentrations، 0. 18، 0. 36، 0. 72 and 1. 45 μl/cm2 was measured by comparing the number of adults in treated and untreated areas. An ascendant trend was observed between the concentrations and mortality in fumigation toxicity assay، but essential oils exert their efficiency in first 12 hours. Highest concentrations of the essential oils (325، 400، 350، 275 and 300 μl/L air، respectively) were caused more than 97% mortality after 24 hours. The repellencies averages of the four concentrations were 32. 5، 65، 55، 37. 5 and 40%، respectively. The essential oils persistency were between 12 (Satsuma) to 22 days (Clemantin).