مقالات رزومه فرزانه دشتی

The virtual world is a reality that overshadows the realities of real life. Two important areas of virtual reality are society and politics, which are closely related. To understand the relationship between the two, attention has been paid to the question of which of the two makes the most of this new habitat. That is, Antonio Gramsci and Isaiah Berlin examine the two concepts of hegemony and freedom. The purpose of this article is to answer the fundamental question of whether the virtual ecosystem has led to more human freedom or not. In analyzing this question, this paper shows that governments and governments, through a new model of government that is closely related to the virtual world and the information society, called hegemony, have created a kind of dependence of satisfaction in citizens, which is the dependence of dependence. It has created an illusion of freedom in their minds.This study shows that governments, through hegemony through the virtual ecosystem, control society, and this is where citizens are confused as to whether they are truly free or in the grip of power; However, it seems that getting out of these two paths of hegemony and freedom in the virtual world is becoming impossible day by day and this hegemonic domination should be controlled only by creating networks of consciousness.

Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the establishment of Israel, the regional crisis in the Middle East reached its peak and the Arab-Israeli conflict became one of the main issues of the Middle East. However, some Arab countries are affected by various factors such as Arab nationalism, internal and regional crises, the balance of power in the region, identity issues, the occurrence of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, the formation of Arab unrest since 2011, and finally Iran's nuclear agreement with the so-called 5+1. According to the JCPOA, they have always shown different positions towards Israel, all of which were derived from their national interests. The Arab countries that seek to expand their relations with Israel are influenced by their national interests to make this type of decision in the field of their foreign policy. Have adopted considering the fundamental conflict that has existed between the Arabs and Israel since the establishment of Israel in 1948, the issue of normalizing relations between them has become important since the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel in 1978. This issue received more attention when Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrain, Sudan and Morocco normalized relations with Israel within just a few months. Here, the main question is, “Why are Israel and the Arab countries moving towards the normalization of relations despite the existence of differences with each other?” In this research, the analytical-explanatory method has been used to answer this question, and library sources have also been used to collect data. The findings of the research indicate that these governments have taken steps towards the normalization of relations with each other due to the existence of common threats and common interests, in fact, this action can be explained under the theory of neorealism. Under the influence of a series of internal, regional, and international factors centered on national interests, as well as Donald Trump's efforts in line with the so-called Middle East peace plan, these governments have normalized relations with each other and have moved towards cooperation in order to better secure their national interests.

The United States of America has always imposed many sanctions on the Islamic Republic of Iran after the revolution. These sanctions, with whatever goals they have, cause a clear violation of the basic values and principles of human rights and directly and indirectly violate the right to life, the right to work, the right to education, the right to development, etc. They strongly affect. The research method is a descriptive-analytical method and the method of collecting information is library and document type. In this research, the unilateral sanctions of the United States of America against the Islamic Republic of Iran will be examined with the aim of understanding their role in the violation of the right to development. Based on this, the question arises that "what effect has the sanctions of the United States of America against the Islamic Republic of Iran had on the right to development in Iran?" According to the investigations of this research, its findings show that the sanctions of the United States of America, while directly targeting the Iranian people, have severely violated their fundamental rights, including the right to development in Iran.

Citizenship, and citizenship rights are new concepts that have paid special attention to equality, and justice, and have special role in different political, social, and legal theories. These rights are based on three principles of civil, political, and social rights, and are considered as main human rights' pillars. Citizenship rights are achieved in democratic states with three factor of membership, rights, and cooperation. A close, and mixed relation between a civic society, and citizenship is seen while studying the citizenship rights. It seems that the civic society is the precondition, and an enforcement factor for exercising of citizenship rights. In other words, if citizens play a better role in their citizenship in relation to power and politics through active and effective participation through civic institutions, they can be very effective in reforming and improving political affairs and strengthening the democratic foundations of the political system. This papers in a descriptive-analytical manner seeks to study the role, and position of the civic society in the citizenship rights beside of studying its concepts, and bases.

Since ethnic groups play an important role in national cohesion in any society, strengthening national convergence and territorial cohesion is an important function of government. Today, given the characteristics of the new world, including the free flow of information and the increasing development of technologies, communications, transnational governance, transnational movements and, in general, changes in interactions from micro to macro, challenges and opportunities for the world community. The realm of ethnicities, like other realms, is no exception, and this has in any case led to change, and what seems important is the need to reconsider the policy towards ethnic groups. In this applied research, by using descriptive-analytical method after theoretical studies, efforts have been made to identify the factors affecting the level of promotion of ethnic convergence in the political-security component and then by consulting with some experts and related experts. Subject and their opinions, a questionnaire was prepared to obtain the opinions of the statistical community. The statistical population of the present study is 214 people. The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula and error of 0.1, 66 people were appointed. Data were analyzed by single-sample t-tests, Friedman test, and SPSS software. The results of the research showed that all aspects of the political-security component affect the convergence of Iranian ethnic groups.

Contemporary Iran has had a tumultuous history in terms of independence and liberation struggles, internal and external struggles, and the presence of great powers, but the era of Mohammed Mossadegh's rise to power due to the unexpected events that followed The era happened, a very important period in the history of contemporary Iran. Because of the thematic significance of this period, there are several theories about the cause of the failure at this juncture. The main question in this study is to what extent does Mosaddeq reflect democratic processes in his political action. To achieve this purpose, a combination of the analytical-historical method and the Hermione Skinner method was used. The research hypothesis is that Mossadegh pursued guided liberal democracy, but the fragile political context prevented his democratization. The final analysis of this study is that the political context of this period was weak and the root weakness of civil society the most important reason for the failure of demo doctrine.

Corona's omnipotence put governments in a critical position while they did not expect such a situation at all. This epidemic has not only medical posed a real threat, but has also targeted the effectiveness of government policies. In the meantime, the adoption of appropriate policies to deal with this crisis has, above all, returned to a fundamental category: social capital. Social capital and the political trust that accompanies it, most of all, help governments, and its scarcity is fundamentally detrimental to their policy of curbing the all-encompassing crisis. In Iran, too, the government found itself in such an unfavorable and critical situation. Although many governments were in a similar situation, reducing social capital in Iran, which had emerged from previous and recent crises, made it even more difficult. Did. In this article, while examining the category of social capital and political trust, the example of the Iranian government will be mentioned and the question will be asked: What are the consequences of the reduction of the government's social capital in Iran in the issue of Corona epidemic? And according to studies, this decline has been largely due to previous crises, political distrust and inefficiency of the government in its macro-policies.

According to the civilization of humankind, security has been the focus of all political systems, religions, schools, and ideologies throughout history, at various levels and levels. Consolidation, institutionalization, and concern for the security issue at various levels and levels, in particular the cultural dimension at the community level, play an indispensable role in the sustainability and necessity of social order, favorable political life, and the attainment of material and spiritual development in all political systems. In this research, it has been attempted to analyze and analyze cultural revolution in the political system of the Islamic Republic of Iran by descriptive-analytical method and library-documentary studies by analyzing the statements of the leader of the revolution. In this regard, efforts are being made to answer the question of what is the cultural security of the supreme leadership's thinking and management system. How is the ratio of culture and security assessed? The findings of the study indicate that culture has always been a central focus of theories and theories of social system organization and organization in social management theories and theories. The Islamic Revolution of Iran as a movement and cultural movement has paid special attention to this issue. In various statements and works of the revolutionary leader, most of the social disturbances, problems and anomalies have been caused by disorder and chaos in the cultural base of the country; Ethics, spirituality, rationality, in the form of jihadism, self-service, Iranian-Islamic lifestyle, modern Islamic civilization, fire are available to all segments of society.

Strengthening national convergence and coherence is one of the basic issues of any government. Today, globalization has created challenges and opportunities for the global community with the free flow of information and the ever-increasing spread of technology, communication and change in interactions between micro and macro. Pluralism is recognized as the main axis of understanding and analyzing the blend of globalization and its fate. globalization has absorbed all the countries around the world. The subject of political, economic, technological, and technological development of the 21st century is not limited to any group, nation or government, but is an issue that is all affected and affected by it In the area of ethnicity, as in other areas, the process of globalization can have different effects and, in any case, has brought about change, and what seems important is the need for rethinking and reviewing ethnicity policies.The process of globalization, the importance of borders and the state of the state, has challenged nations and undermined ties between the state and citizens, and has pushed all national governments to maintain their integrity in the form of a nation-state.Iran, as a multi-ethnic country with a unique civilization background, has always faced a wide variety of subcultures in its cultural range, and it has not been the exception. In this research, using descriptive-analytical method and applied after theoretical studies, efforts have been made to identify relevant and effective factors on the level of integration of peoples in three political, security, economic, and socio-cultural components, and then with counseling. A questionnaire was used to collect the opinions of the population of the society in order to obtain the opinions of the population. The questionnaire was carried out in the population of 214 people and the sample size was 66. After receiving their opinion using the techniques and statistical methods has been analyzed, and we will continue to summarize and make suggestions.

Strengthening national unity and solidarity is one of the goals and basic categories of every state. Today's globalization with the free flow of information and the ever-expanding technology, Communication and change in interactions and relationships from micro to macro levels, has created challenges and opportunities against the international community. Pluralism is recognized as the main axis of understanding and analyzing the blend of globalization and its fate. In the area of ​​ethnicities, as in other areas, the process of globalization can have different effects and, in any case, has brought about change. And what seems important is the need for rethinking and reviewing ethnicity policies. Given the importance of the issue, the statements of the Supreme Leader will be the best guideline in this regard. Therefore, this research is an attempt to draw the desired model of convergence in Iran, with emphasis on leadership routines based on ethnicity. Therefore, the present article seeks to respond to this concern, based on its basic assumption that the model of pluralism based on Iranian-Islamic identity is the most appropriate and practical model for promoting the level of convergence of Iranian ethnic groups in the current situation, which also expresses diversity and expression of unity with respect to the conditions of the country of Iran.