فهرست مطالب bardia hajikarimloo

 Medial malleolar stress fractures are rare injuries resulting from excessive and repetitive stress loads on bone. The incidence rate of these stress fractures varies from 0.6% to 4.1% of all stress fractures and has been almost exclusively reported in athletes. Typical clinical presentation is a gradual onset of pain and tenderness at the medial malleolus site with a history of long-term physical activity. 

Presentation: 

A 60-year-old postmenopausal woman with a gradual onset of pain and point tenderness over the medial malleolus and a history of daily walking for several months.

Diagnosis:

 The initial anterior-posterior and lateral plain radiographs were normal. After the initial conservative medication therapy failed, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained. It demonstrated a vertical linear zone of decreased signal intensity originating between the tibial plafond and the medial malleolar junction, which suggested medial malleolar stress fracture. 

Intervention: 

We started treatment with a short leg cast and non-weight bearing for six weeks that failed; open reduction and internal fixation were performed under general anesthesia. 

Outcomes:

 Six months postoperatively, the pain entirely resolved, and the patient returned to her regular daily physical activity and conducted plain radiographs demonstrating complete union, and no complications occurred.

 Medial malleolar stress fractures are rare injuries and might be misdiagnosed due to normal initial radiographs. They must be considered in those with gradual onset of pain and point tenderness of medial malleolus, especially with a history of long-term physical activity. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention lead to faster healing and a return to physical activity

 Intramedullary ependymoma (IE) is adults' most common intramedullary spinal tumor. Tumors usually extend one to eight segments in the cervical region. In this case report, we reported a patient with massive IE spanning from the fourth ventricle to the T4 segment of the spinal cord, which surgically treated with laminectomy from occiput to T4

 A 42-year-old man who is a known case of IE with progressive upper extremities paraesthesia and gait disturbance. Four years ago he refused surgery and presented with dysphagia. The patient's MRI demonstrated an intramedullary spinal cord tumor extending from the fourth ventricle to T4.

 massive spinal ependymoma is a rare, benign, slow-growing tumor, and patients present symptoms years before diagnosis. Upon confirmation of the diagnosis, the tumor must be surgically removed.

Intramedullary ependymoma (IE) is adults’ mostcommon intramedullary spinal tumor. Tumors usually extend one to eight segments in the cervical region. In this case report, wereported a patient with massive IE spanning from the fourth ventricle to the T4 segment of the spinal cord, which surgically treated with laminectomy from occiput to T4

A 42-year-old man who is a known case of IE with progressive upper extremities paraesthesia and gait disturbance. Four years ago he refused surgery and presented with dysphagia. The patient’s MRI demonstrated an intramedullary spinal cord tumor extending from the fourth ventricle to T4.

massive spinal ependymoma is a rare, benign, slow-growing tumor, and patients present symptoms years before diagnosis. Upon confirmation of the diagnosis, the tumor must be surgically removed.

 Stress fractures develop when a bone cannot remodel in response to a repetitive force. They are less frequent in the upper extremities, and the coronoid process is an infrequent site for stress fractures. Coronoid stress fractures present with pain and tenderness of the elbow, which is exacerbated by full extension of the elbow.

A 24-year-old boxer man was admitted to the hospital after complaining of pain in the anterior part of his elbow for seven months. Physical examination revealed exacerbation of the pain during hyper-extension positions and training, tenderness of the elbow at the anterior region, and decreased range of motion. Coronoid stress fractures should be considered in athletes, especially gymnasts with chronic elbow pain. Initial treatment is conservative management of the pain. If the conventional treatment fails, fixation of the fragment with a surgical approach and subsequent rehabilitation must be performed.

Infection of surgical wounds is an important complication and delays recovery and the length of hospital stay. This study was aimed to determine the rate of infection in proximal femoral fracture surgeries in two methods of closure with nylon thread and staple.

Nutritional health requires nutritional literacy. In order to increase it, appropriate educational programs are needed. Therefore,this study was conducted to determine the effect of nutrition on nutritional literacy and body mass index (BMI).

In this analytical study, 228 medical students were selected and then divided into two groups that had passed the nutrition unit (n =114) and the group that had not yet passed this course unit (n = 114). Data collection tools included Personal information,nutrition literacy questionnaire and BMI calculation.The date were analyzed by SPSS version 19 for analyzing the data, descriptive(frequency, mean and standard deviation) and inferential (Chi-square, IndependentT,one-way ANOVA, Pearson and Binary logistic regression) statistical methods were used.

There was no significant difference between BMI classification and the nutritional literacy mean between the two groups. There was a significant difference between the levels of nutrition literacy (low, medium, high) in the two groups (p value = 0.015). There was no significant relationship between BMI score with passing the nutrition course and nutrition literacy score in both groups. Also, binary logistic regression test showed that passing the nutrition course, could increase nutrition literacy by 0.52 times in students who passed the course than who did not (p value = 0.02).

The findings of this study showed a higher level of nutrition literacy in students who had passed the nutrition course. Therefore, it may be possible to increase nutrition literacy and promote nutritional health by emphasizing more on the mentioned academic unit.