فهرست مطالب hamid mohammadirad

Knowledge of the scientific method of scientists in all sciences, makes their findings to be used methodically and optimally. Ibn Qutaybah, the author of the book " Tawīl  Mushkil al-Quran ", is one of the scholars of Quranic sciences who has had usable opinions and theories. In this article, the most important principles and interpretive methods of Ibn Qutaybah have been studied by analytical-descriptive methods. Ibn Qutaybah, by applying literary, lingual and eloquent principles and  by using of the ijtihad interpretation and literary interpretation methods, has responded to the doubts of the skeptics and  ridiculers of the Holy Qur'an. He has raised and answered the important doubts of the critics such as the repetition of  some Ayat and stories of the Quran, the difference of readings, the incomprehensibility of the moqatta'e letters, the distortion in the Quran, etc. With these doubts, the critics have questioned the heavenly nature of the Quran, which is still going on in another way.

One of the forbidden things and damages in social and economic relations is shortchanging (taṭfīf). Although shortchanging is of utmost importance in commercial and measurement domain, it also applies to practical, legal, worshiping, and moral domains. Any shortcoming in human right and failure in accomplishing social and religious injunctions are considered as shortchanging, which is forbidden in jurisprudence and Islamic Republic of Iran’s law. Its domain includes various kinds of things sold (measurement, weighing, etc. in real and virtual space), failure in accomplishing practical and service commitment, spouses’ failure in performing their duties, and shortcoming in worshiping.