فهرست مطالب ibrahim salmani nodoushan

increasing costs of health and treatment services has led health economics specialists and even physicians in all countries to seek new methods for controlling and reducing costs in medical and health services. The present study was aimed to estimate the costs of a Cardiac Care Unit (CCU) in a governmental hospital in Iran. In order to determine the end cost, a stepwise procedure based on actual figures (matrix technique) was used and all of the related documents of 2010 of the government hospital under study were evaluated. The results showed that the total cost of CCU services is 3.827.756.000 Rial, that 55.7% of the costs related to personnel costs and and expenses related to overhead costs is 44.3% and 2.9% of the total costs of hospital wards forms. Much of the CCU cost is personnel cost due to their official personnel, therefore the cost is almost constant in the hospital and it will not be easily removed. It seems we must optimize the use of personnel, and establish new bed in CCU.

The most important consequence of nephrogenic disease is the chronic renal failure and unfortunately, there is no significant program to improve the life quality of these patients. Although they need mental support as well as physical rehabilitation but all current endeavors focused on increasing their physical ability not the mental aspect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between religious beliefs and quality of life in dialysis patients. In this analytical descriptive study, the data were gathered by a questionnaire about patients'' belief and life quality. In this study, the data of 56 patients including 20-60 year old people who were under dialysis treatment in Shahid Rahnemoon hospital in Yazd were gathered. The measurement instruments included a short-formed questionnaire of life quality (SF36) which investigated the condition of the patient and his/her life quality, and also a questionnaire of national approach of studying religious belief which included 66 questions regarding religious cultures. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software putting the descriptive statistics into use. T-test and non-parametric tests were done for data analyzing (with the level of significance of 5). In 24 women and 32 men who were under venous dialysis treatment, the correlation between the degree of religious belief and life quality was significant (r= 0.34, P=0.01). Moreover, the correlation between scores of religious belief and life quality in patients experienced 4 to 8 years of dialysis & correlation between score of religious belief and life quality among those who had chronic disease were significant(r= 0.36 & r= 0.62 respectively, P<0.05). The results of the study showed that due to the influence of religious belief on life quality of patients who were under dialysis treatment, their life quality can be improved through the proper program of teaching religious belief.

 This study was conducted to determine the state of physical symptoms of the Iranian Central Iron Ore Company workers and its relation with history of work accidents. 

 This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed at the Iranian Central Iron Ore Company and included 388 workers sampled randomly out of 2100 workers. Research tool was a two-part questionnaire that its reliability was determined by some of researchers. Data was analyzed by SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) software and statistical tests included variance analysis and Pearson' correlation tests. 

 According to the findings, 80.9% had favorable physical health conditions and there was a significant relationship between physical health condition, history of work accidents, cigarette smoking and type of work. 

 Considering the strong relationship between physical health and history of work accidents, it is proposed that high-level managers of the Central Iron Ore Company of Iran should pay special attention to the improvement of physical health, psychological, social, and welfare levels.

Cost estimation is a important tool which assist the managers to plan and to control the economic functions of the organization. The present study aims to identify the cost of a cesarean surgery in one of the first class public hospitals in Iran. Reviewing all expenses of the hospital documents in the financial unit, the cost of a cesarean surgery was determined through real costing. the findings revealed that the cost of such a surgery is 1812636 rials, among which the highest level was related to the direct labor possesses with 63 percent and overhead costs with 37 percent of the total costs. Reducing the number of women who like cesarean surgery causes a reduction in costs of the surgery. Mitigating the tendency toward this surgery is possible through changing in the women’s beliefs about the vaginal delivery along with the enhancements in facilities and standards of the vaginal delivery. It is suggested to educate and consult with the families through health centers and media.

Identifying training needs and implementing appropriate courses is one of the important steps to empower managers and experts specialists. This has the most important role in improving organizational performance. In this study, considering the importance of training programs effectiveness, the training needs of managers and experts and their relation to individual and institutional factors was determined in the Health Departments of Universities of Health and Medical Sciences. This retrospective study was conducted in spring 2010. Communities of this research were the staff of Universities'' Health Departments in the field of Health Deputy. They were selected from 13 universities by random systematic and stratified methods. All available directors and experts were responsibly elected and interviewed as the census. The questionnaire included individual and organizational variables and 28 management topics that confirmed validity and reliability. In total 293 managers and expert specialists were studied, the average require education based on 26 (92.9 %) out of 28 subjects review, was respectively more than 3.5 (total score 5). Declaring level of training needs in a few cases had significant difference with type of universities, sex, age, work experience, educational level, MPH courses, headquarters units and the current location of the people. (P<0.05) According to the very high level of announced requirements, it is suggested to have short term and long term management training courses.

Health care industry consists of an unexpected and confusing environment in which quality events play the important role. In such conditions, the necessary changes should be made. Excellence models are general oriented frameworks that are able to achieve the above intention. This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data gathered by a standard checklist of Baldrige Model through interview of the chief managers of Hasheminejad Hospital. In the health care field this hospital obtained 426 of 1000 scores. Within major criteria, the highest score was related to the standard of focusing on staff obtaining %51 of the total score of this model and the leadership standard obtained the lowest score (38 percent). This hospital obtained 222 of the total 1000 points of the Malcolm Baldrige score in the educational field. Findings also show those main criteria of strategic planning and the focus on students, interest groups and markers obtained the maximum score. Since, each of them obtained 33 percent of the total score of the model and the minimum score, 18 percent, belonged to the results of organizational performance criterion. The result indicates the necessity of paying more attention towards organization’s performance, especially education. Barldrige model can be applied as a comprehensive model for evaluating the performance of medical-educational hospitals.

Depression as a disorder is relatively common in all societies; several factors are involved in depression development, that shift work is one of these factors. This study compared the frequency of depression in different shifts of nurses in hospitals of Yazd University of medical sciences. This study is a descriptive analytical study. Based on statistical methods, 150 nurses participated in this study. The research tool was a questionnaire that included 15 personal questions and 21 questions related to Beck test. The results were analysed by SPSS software. 13.3% of all subjects were males and 86.7% were females. Results showed that, there is no significant relationship between gender, education, type of job, employment status and satisfaction levels of income with depression. Marital status (P-Value = 0.009 and F = 6.93), shift work (day working and shift work) (P-Value = 0.032 and F = 1.11), job satisfaction (P-Value = 0.000 and F = 7.641) and the satisfaction of the employer (P-Value = 0.001 and F = 5.414) were significantly associated with depression. 3.49% of the nurses were in normal status, 7.26% had mild depression, 3.9% required consultation with the psychiatrist,% 7.8% suffered from moderate depression, 75.4% from severe depression and 3.1% from very severe depression. It seems that shift work can not cause depression alone, but depression is the result of the interaction of several factors.