فهرست مطالب mohammad hadi saeed modaghegh

Autoimmunity causes the loss of normal immune homeostasis and involves the presence of autoantibodies and inflammation. Thromboangiitis obliterans or Buergerchr('39')s disease (BD) refers to a type of vascular obstructive syndrome, with tobacco exposure accounting for disease formation and progression. However, the current understanding of autoimmunity is unclear in the context of BD, and the scientific findings are not enough to support autoimmune mechanisms. This study was aimed at investigating autoimmunity factors in patients with BD.

Clinical and experimental examinations were performed on 80 patients with BD. The diagnostic work-up for autoimmunity was composed of IgM rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies, Antiphospholipid antibodies (APA), Anti-cardiolipin antibodies (ACLA), anti-double-stranded DNA (ds-DNA), and extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) profile. Immunomarkers were detected using the quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Raynaudchr('39')s phenomenon (84.93%), cold sensitivity (76.25%), and claudication (73.75%) were the most common symptoms in the BD patients. Also, 64.29% represented with high ANA levels and positive RF, while 42.11% were found with increased ANA and ESR levels. The ANA/RF positive BD patients had ESR> 15 mm/hr and a high prevalence of cold sensitivity, claudication, and Raynaudchr('39')s phenomenon (p> 0.05).

There is a possibility of a non-specific autoimmune disposition among BD patients. RF and ANA could be considered for predicting disease progression.

Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) is a thrombotic-occlusive as well as an inflammatory peripheral vascular disease with unknown etiology. Recent evidence has supported the immunopathogenesis of the disease, however, the factors contributing to the altered immune function and vascular tissue inflammation are still unclear. This review was intended to collate the more current knowledge on the regulatory molecules involved in TAO from an immunoreactive perspective. The homeostasis of the immune system as well as a variety of progenitor cell populations appear to be affected during TAO and these alterations are associated with intrinsic signaling defects that are directing to an improved understanding of the crosstalk between angiogenesis and the immune system, as well as the potential of new co-targeting strategies applying both immunotherapy and angiogenic therapy.

The increase in mortality and morbidity of traumatized patients in developing countries might be due to disorganized medical services and credit tightness. This study was designed to describe the characteristics of injury, the strategies for the trauma prevention, and to improve the healthcare system. This was part of a national research project about trauma, conducted in the main trauma center of Mashhad, in North East Iran; it was a prospective cross-sectional study which comprised of all consecutively admitted patients to the emergency department from December 2003 through July 2004. Most of the traumatized patients were male, uneducated, housewives, or workers. Motor vehicle accidents (during the time when fastening seat belts and wearing helmets were not compulsory) and falling (height less than four meters and falling on the ground) were considered as the most common mechanisms. Almost 68.5% of the patients transferred to the hospitals did not have prehospital care. With an average injury severity score (ISS) value of 10.3, lower extremities and head and neck were the most common traumatized anatomic areas leading to their related morbidity and mortality. A large number of traumatized cases among uneducated and nonoccupational population makes the role of mass media more prominent. Public education about traffic law, streets, and vehicle security check seems to be crucial to decrease the mortality and morbidity.

Introduction and Diabetic foot is the result of uncontrolled diabetes and imperfect sanitary care which leads to necrotic lesions, gangrene and finally amputation.Secondary mycotic infections play a principal role to produce chronic lumpy lesions. Thisstudy was designed to investigate the incidence of fungal pathogens in diabetic footinfections. The study population included 120 consecutive diabetic patients who were hospitalized in the department of vascular surgery due to diabetic foot during 2006-2008. Direct fresh smear and fungal culture were performed for each patient. Fungal contaminations were confirmed by direct microscopy and/or culture. The ages of the patients were between 32 to 86 years old. Of those 86(71.7%) individuals were male and 34(28.3%) were female.