فهرست مطالب s. valizadeh

Aortic aneurysm repair surgery (AAAs) is associated with massive bleeding that causes coagulation disorders during and after surgery. Considering that blood consumption in these patients has been studied in a few articles, we decided to investigate more.

In a cross-sectional study, patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms requiring surgical repair from January 2018 to August 2020 were evaluated at Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital. The blood component utilization was evaluated. Graph Pad prism 9.0.0 (121) software was used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05 was considered significant).

Of 20 patients with aortic aneurysm repair, 16 (80%) were male and 4 (20%) were female. Seven cases (35%) of them received Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in addition to packed red blood cells (PRBCs). The mean of FFP utilization was 3.7 ± 1.5 units and in 13 patients (65%) only PRBcs were transfused. Platelets was not transfused in any of the patients. The relationship between red blood cells transfusion with the hemoglobin level before surgery and patient age was evaluated. Also, the relationship between INR before surgery and FFP transfusion was assessed, none of which was statistically significant.

Despite extensive aortic artery surgery and massive bleeding, in 65% of patients only packed red blood cells were transfused. In 35% of patients, in addition to PRBC, FFP was transfused, but no platelets was administered.

This study aimed to assess the bone
thickness at the interradicular spaces in the anterior mandible on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of patients to find appropriate sites for mini-implant and miniscrew placement.

This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 161 CBCT scans of patients (98 females and 63 males) between 18 to 50 years old presenting to the School of Dentistry ofIslamic Azad University in 2020. Cross-sectional images with 1 mm slice thickness were evaluated to measure the bone thickness at the interradicular areas at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 mm distance from the mandibular alveolar crest. The measurements made from the distal surface of right canine to the distal surface of left canine teeth were recorded. The CBCT scans had been taken by Rotograph Evo 3D CBCT scanner, and were analyzed by OnDemand3D software. Data were statistically analyzed by t-test.

Bone thickness at 11 sites in the anterior mandible was significantly higher in males (P<0.05). By an increase in depth in both males and females, the mean thickness of bone increased (P<0.05). The maximum mean bone thickness in males and females was at 18 mm depth between the central incisors.

To find a correct site for mini-implant and miniscrew placement, it should be noted that bone thickness would be greater at deeper areas, and by moving from the premolar site towards the incisors.

Competition among supply chains is an essential factor to be considered in determining supply chain strategies. Furthermore, due to an imbalance in market share, one of the supply chains may have a higher power to manipulate the market and usually play the role of the leader in the market. In this paper, two leader-follower supply chains consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer are considered. In-chain competition is addressed besides the chain-to-chain competition in which the retailer is the leader and the manufacturer is the follower. The competition elements are price and service, which are investigated in three different scenarios: decentralized leader-decentralized follower, integrated leader-decentralized follower, and decentralized leader-integrated follower. Using the backward induction, we start the solving process from the follower supply chain and derive the follower’s best response function. Then the leader strategies are examined after the substitution of the follower’s best response function in leader profit function. Finally, we analyze the effects of the price competition intensity, service investment coefficient, and the potential market size of both chains on the equilibrium values in all three scenarios. The results show that increasing the price competition intensity will decrease the profit of the leading supply chain. In contrast, small values of price competition intensity are beneficial for the follower supply chain. Further, the first scenario has the most retail and wholesale price while the integrated supply chains have the most service level.

Sand mining from rivers is one of the biggest concerns in the science today. Certain principles and rules for choosing the right place for mining materials and the amount of this mining are missing in the design codes. Therefore, mining of river materials from sites with less potential and near structures has been occasionally seen. In the present study, it has been attempted to reinforce the structure to control the impact of the mining of material, which results in the increased scour by changing the flow pattern around the structure. The experiments were carried out in two simple and armed modes, in sand bed with a grain size of 0.78 mm, with a length of 4.25 meters, inside a canal of 13 meters in length and 1.2 meters in width. The extent of scouring along the longitudinal and transverse directions in different times from the start to the scouring equilibrium was investigated for all substrates under sub-critical flow conditions (range 0.5-0.25). The results showed that the use of a cable-protected method in the upstream pit led to 29.6% reduction in the maximum scour depth at the front and 34% reduction in the back of the pier; also, in the downstream of the pit, it reduced the maximum scour depth by 15% at the front of the pier. Therefore, the cable arrangement used at the piers surface, according to the current research method, resulted in a significant reduction in the depth and extent of scouring in the pier group of the bridge.

Considering the importance of scouring in the design of bridges, nowadays, to increase the accuracy of scour depth estimation, artificial neural networks are used. In this research, a model for estimating scour depth around the bridge pier group was used by a new method called support vector machine. In this method, the statistical parameters of RMSE, R2, DC, were used to evaluate the performance of the models. The results showed that using compounds of the sedimentary and hydraulic parameters in the support vector data model provided better results in estimation of scour depth. For example, in tripod mode, the assessment criteria values for the scenario 1 (hydraulic parameters), were R2 = 0.9914, DC = 0.9758 and RMSE= 0.0576, and for scenario two (hydraulic and sediment parameters), were to R2 = 0.9924, DC = 0.9803 and RMSE = 0.0529, which indicated better performance of the support vector machine in the second scenario. Finally, non-linear equations were presented for calculating the scour depth around the inclined Single and group piers.

Recently, there has been significant development in the existence of mild solutions for fractional semilinear integro-differential equations but optimal control is not provided. The aim of this paper is studying optimal feedback control for fractional semilinear integro-differential equations in an arbitrary Banach space associated with operators generating compact semigroup on the Banach space.

Burnout in addition to physical exhaustion due to work overload or conflicts between people has a psychological origin. The aim of this study was to determine the Locus of Control and Burnout among the employees of the Health Information Technology (HIT) unit of hospitals. In this cross-sectional study, all 82 employees of HIT unit of university hospitals in Ardabil participated. The data collection tool was two standard questionnaires including Rutter's Locus of Control and Maslach's burnout scale. Data were analyzed by descriptive tests, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression using SPSS (ver. 22). 37% of the participants had an internal locus of control and 63% had an external locus of control. Participants had severe burnout in the components of emotional exhaustion and Depersonalization, and mild burnout in the component of individual success. Finally, the relationship between locus of control and burnout components was significant. This study shows that the source of the locus of control is external among the majority of participants. There are also some degrees of burnout among them. In addition, a significant relationship is found between the locus of control and all the components of burnout. Therfore, it is neccesary to have effective workshops on the internalization of the locus of control and, consequently, the reduction of burnout.

In recent years, biological control of parasites by essential oils (EOs) derived from plants is one of the alternatives to synthetic pesticides.Melissa officinalis from Lamiaceae family is distributed in many parts of Iran. It is known as an excellent source of antioxidants, antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal constituents. The present study investigated the insecticide properties of M. officinalis against Tetranychus urticae tick.

The EO of different parts of plant was extracted and analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The ticks were placed on the filter paper in the bottom of a petri dish (9 mm), and contact toxicity assay was then performed by contacting the extract with the ticks.

The EO of leaves showed the most potent insecticidal effect while the stem EO demonstrated the weakest effect. The lowest concentration of EO from the leaves showed more considerable insecticide activity compared to the highest concentration of stem and flower EOs.

Melissa officinalis is an effective insecticide with potent effect against T. urticae and it could be suggested as a natural pesticide against T. urticae.

Despite the claim that spiritual care is an integral part and core of holistic care، more than fifty percent of nurses have seldom done it and، they feel that، they need more spiritual care education and practice. Therefore this study was conducted to explore and explain theoretically nursing students'' spiritual care learning process.

In this qualitative study 18 bachelor students، 4 teachers and 3 hospital supervisors were interviewed using deep and semi-structured interviews. Strauss and Corbin constant comparison was used for data analysis.

Spiritual education، from the participant’s point of view، means the teaching and learning of how to provide comfort، security and connecting to Allah (religious decrees do) which can be achieved via positive motivation، efficient modeling and appropriate educational environment. Clinical and non-formal learning of spiritual care as the main theme comprised 5 sub-themes which include «affected by the master،» «effectiveness of friends in clinic،» «family influences» and «multimedia، internet، congress and exhibition influences»

This research helped to identify the factors that impact nursing students'' spiritual care learning in Iran.

Promoting clinical education quality requires use of effective methods. Outcome-based education (OBE) is an educational reform movement that has influenced many countries in recent years. Despite the global acceptance of outcome-based education, the research documents are fairly rare about its effects on student's competency. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of outcome-based education program on clinical competency (cognitive skills and behaviors skill) of nursing students on hemodialysis ward.

In a quasi-experimental study using pre-test and post-test with two group design, 26 nursing students were selected through census sampling method and placed randomly in 2 control and 2 experiment groups, each group containing 6 to 7 people. After taking the cognitive skills pre-tests, control group received traditional education and experiment group went under clinical education using outcome-based education program for 9 days. As the final step, the post-test cognitive skills were held and behaviors skill checklist were observed. The data were analyzed using SPSS software using Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney tests and fisher exact test.

The outcome-based education has been effective in promoting the cognitive and behavioral skills of students. The mean scores significantly differed before and after participating in outcome-based education and the clinical competency of nursing students in outcome-based education groups differed significantly from traditional groups.

The effect of outcome-based education program on competency of nursing students was more than the traditional methods. Therefore, it is recommended to use outcome-based education in clinical education.