جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « آبشوران » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

Translating cultural elements within a literary text is one of the most important challenges that the translator encounters due to cultural and intellectual differences stemming from the spirit of the language. The translator’s task is to seek to find a cultural equivalent close to the recipient’s understanding in the TA’s culture. The equivalent that does not touch the circle of taboos of that culture. Abshouran by the Iranian novelist Ali Ashraf Darwishian constituted a distinct cultural and linguistic phenomenon. The story established a world narratively in detail and took place on the reality of misery and filth in proletarian society. It aroused the interest of Ahmed Musa to translate it into Arabic and focusing on its cultural aspects and transferring it to the Arabic language space. Through the descriptive method and comparing the translation process with the source text and analyzing it, as well as shedding light on cultural translation strategies from the translation scholars’ perspective, we search: How did the translator interact with the cultural elements as the shadow of the language in translating according to the cultural translation strategies? Based on this equivalence: Equivalency, neutralization, analysis, anatomy, and localization are related to the translation of local cultural concepts and the translator resorts to the equivalent and the cultural equivalent more then to the employment of brief explanation and analysis to avoid the ambiguity of the meaning and sometimes the translator did not choose the appropriate translation to convey the meanings of the original text.

Situational humor is created by overturning situations and juxtaposing contradictory situations, producing a scene that is funny to imagine. Among contemporary novelists, Ali Ashraf Darvishian uses humorous situations in his works to express social, cultural and economic problems. Therefore in the present study we attempt to investigate the types of situational humors in one of Darwishian’s collections of short stories, entitled “Abshouran”, which includes eleven short stories. In the present paper, by using descriptive-analytical methods, we seek to answer three questions: first, according to the theory of situational humor, by what means does Darvishian create humorous situations in his short stories? Second, which component of situational humor can be considered as an indicator of Darvishian’s style in this short story series? Third, what goals did the author pursue by using humorous situations? The results of this research indicate that with the help of four tricks, "characterization, plot, behavior, scene" and a few subtricks, Darvishian creates situational humor in his stories and in creating such humor he means to express the social, cultural and economic problems of Abshouran village people in particular and the people of Iran in general. Also, the main factor in creating situational humor is the component of "behavior", especially in the use of microtechniques such as "repetition of an action, surprise, incompatibility of behavior with the situation and ridiculous movements." Therefore, it can be considered as the main indicator of Darvishian’s writing style.

The reflection of reality in literature and art is considered as one of the most influential components in the classification of literary schools that has created various movements such classicism, romanticism, realism, naturalism and so on. In the meantime, the component of “reality” in realism seeking to depict objective truth as a basic paradigm and claiming to portrait merely actual and temporary matters has a special and distinctive place among other literary and artistic schools. The research question raised in the current study is whether time variable which definitely modifies the context and atmosphere of a story can influence its realistic reflection or not. Using comparative analysis, the present study sought to explore the realistic features and components in two story books entitled “Abshooran” written by Ali Ashraf Darvishian and “Pig’s Bones and Leper’s Hands” written by Mustafa Mastur which have commonality in social genre and yet difference in terms of time and context. The results of the study showed that despite time variable, realistic features and components in fiction can have a lot of commonalities and shared elements.

Naturalist is one of the important and effective nineteen century literary school in Europe, especially France, that is source of it. Emil Zola, the most well-known French writer is the leader of this literary school. This school like other literary schools based on some rules that scientific and naturalism is the important feature of it. In Iran, this school is introduced to Iranian literal society by Sadegh Hedayat, Bozorg Alavi, Sadegh Chobak and…. . In Iranian literary works we do not see western rules of it, but there are some similarities between Iran and Europe like loyalty to some rules like: despotism, social gap, poverty and its consequences, social and political protests, picturing life of the public, magnifying the bad face, public believes and superstitious and ignorance, making use of slang…. . Written works of Darvishian, writer of 80th decade, show most of these features. So this research is going to analyze two of the most important works of him, Abshooran and sallhay-e-Abri in the way of naturalism. And this research wants to check that is it possible to consider the thoughts of Darvishian the continuation of the thoughts of the naturalism writers like Zola?