جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « دفاع » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

The identity of each person is different and special, Like his fingerprint. People shape society with their different identities. These identities make the culture as a whole. When a sociery has a rich culture,it ,means that the identity of the people of that society has stability and high value. The foundation of this identity and culture is rooted in family and mother (a woman). So a woman causes the processing of healthy personality and identity, and cultural richness.The collective identity of indivduals forms the isentity of the commumtiy, and the identiy-making culture affects people. Characters are indicators of the realities of the realities of the society in which we live,and “gender”is one of the main elements that make up the character.Creativity is a natural characteristic of women, therefore, the role of women in identity-making is evident in all fields. Therefore, in this article, attention is paid to the identification of women in The Sacred Defense.Keywords: character, defense, war,women, identity, fighter.

The way of defense and security on the Iran-Afghanistan border and the considerations affecting it require attention to all factors affecting defense and security in various natural, human, economic, political, socio-cultural and military-security fields. Defense-security considerations include two categories of challenges and drivers. The main purpose of the research is to "explain the factors affecting the defense-security considerations of the Iran-Afghanistan border in dimensions (natural, human, economic, social-cultural, political and military-security) which correspond to the purpose of the main question of the research. This research is applied and based on descriptive, analytical and survey method. The statistical population of this research, 45 people were selected according to the characteristics of the research among the experts. The results of the research show that among the 18 factors counted, 9 factors as strengths and 9 factors as opportunities are effective on the defense-security considerations of the border between Iran and Afghanistan. Delphi technique was used to verify the factors and the results of the research show It gives 10 leading factors on the defense-security considerations of the Iran-Afghanistan border.

The Formation the Defense Treaty Organization as a form of "collective defense" is considered to maximize the strategic capability of countries that are faced with extensive threats. Islamic countries have always been coveted by politicians and world powers due to their privileged territorial and geographical position. Therefore, the Formation the Defense Treaty Organization among Islamic countries is important as a security convergence. The general purpose of the current research is to identify The Capacities and Challenges of Formation the Defense Treaty Organization of the Islamic Countries of West Asia This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The required information has been collected using the library method and referring to books and articles. Islamic countries, despite having challenges such as competition in beliefs and ways of thinking, territorial and ethnic-tribal differences, have many capacities such as single ideology, geopolitical scope, human resources and extensive military power to a Formation the Defense Treaty Organization. The general result indicates that Islamic countries can take effective steps to form a Formation the Defense Treaty Organization by adhering to commonalities, strengthening solidarity, paying attention to defense diplomacy and coalition in the fight against terrorism.

One of the most important tasks of any political system is to draw efficient strategies for drawing the geometry of interactions inside the country and facing political units in the field of international relations. For such a confrontation, the strategy of the second step of the Islamic revolution, based on the statement of the supreme leader of the revolution, is known as resistance. Examining the jurisprudential foundations of resistance in the Islamic Republic can determine the way of interaction with countries, institutions and international organizations. Therefore, the main problem of the research is, what is the position of the foundations of resistance desired by Ayatollah Khamenei in the system of Shia jurisprudence and which of the jurisprudential chapters can it be explained? The most important achievement of the present research is the explanation of the jurisprudential foundations of resistance as a determining component in the political and economic equations of the Islamic society and overcoming the challenges caused by the power seeking of the global domination system. The present research pursues this hypothesis that the concept of resistance intended by Ayatollah Khamenei can be explained with different chapters of jurisprudence such as defensive jihad, taqiyyah, amrba-maaruf, and the like. This research, with a descriptive and analytical method, during discussions and topics such as confronting tyranny inside the country and negation of domination, independence, achieving modern Islamic civilization in the field of international relations, deals with the jurisprudential explanation of the foundations of resistance in order to be able to provide a reasonable and comprehensive explanation of it. Muslims and intellectuals of the Islamic world.

The way of defense and security in the coasts of the Persian Gulf and the considerations affecting it require attention to all the factors affecting the defense and security of the coasts in different natural, human, political, economic, cultural-social and security-military fields. Security defense considerations include two categories of negative and positive factors. Negative factors that are a combination of weakness and threat are called challenges, and positive factors that are a combination of strength and opportunity are called promoters. In this article with the title "Effective factors on the defense-security considerations of the Persian Gulf coasts", it has been tried to examine the factors mentioned in dimensions (natural, human, economic, social-cultural, political and security-military). The main goal of the research is to "explain the factors influencing the defense-security considerations of the Persian Gulf coasts; which corresponds to the purpose of the main research question. This research is applied and based on descriptive, analytical and survey method. The statistical population of this research to determine the roles of strength and opportunity of the factors, 32 people have been selected from the experts according to the characteristics of the research. Delphi technique has been used to verify the promoters. Based on the analysis, the results of the research show that 6 promoters are effective on the defense-security considerations of the Persian Gulf coasts.

Today, with human progress in the field of knowledge and technology, we are witnessing tremendous developments in various fields, especially in the field of defense. With the appropriate and timely use of new technologies, including the Internet of Things technology in the intelligent defense of the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces, it is possible to implement various military affairs more accurately and dynamically to realize the discussion of the intelligence of the equipment. By using the Internet of Things in intelligent command and control, intelligent logistic, intelligent transportation, environmental monitoring, training and simulation, etc., it is possible to have new and effective defense capabilities, and in fact, intelligent defense in the armed forces of our country against new and intelligent threats. The current research is titled " A model of  smart defense IOT-based for the Islamic Republic of  Iran armed forces" and was conducted with a descriptive-analytical method and a mixed (quantitative and qualitative) approach. In this research, the opinions of 70 commanders, managers and experts in the field of strategic and cyber defense sciences of the country have been used in the form of a questionnaire. Based on the research done, using the opinion of experts, five concepts of infrastructure and equipment, service and services, structure and organization, information, security and management and governance were placed as the basic dimensions of intelligent defense based on the Internet of Things, and then the components of each became one of these dimensions. After the statistical analysis of the results of the questionnaire, the strategic model of intelligent defense of Iran Armed Forces based on Internet of Things has been presented in five dimensions and 40 components.

Defense means the removal, removal, and disposal of rape for the purpose of securing the physical and mental well-being of individuals in the community, one of the most important issues in the field of Islamic jurisprudence and international law today, in which one's life or personality and His or her other people's reputation against the aggressor. Each of these two sources has terms and conditions, such as proportionality and the need to defend against danger, military and armed aggression, the necessity and necessity of defense against aggressors, which are manifested by differences and similarities. The Islamic religion has not only considered defense as a right but also an obligatory duty and has identified martyrs who are killed in defense of privacy. In international law, however, it has emphasized its rightfulness and, in some broad interpretations, excluded it from the scope of its defense and transformed it into a form of preventive attacks that overshadowed the nature of legitimate defense and normalized it. It makes the outside. The convergence and divergence of Islamic foundations with the western foundations begins from this point which can be discussed in this study.

The way of defense and security on the Iran-Turkey border and the considerations affecting it require attention to all factors affecting the defense and security of the border in various natural, human, security, military, political, economic and cultural-social fields. Security defense considerations include two categories of negative and positive factors. Negative factors that are a combination of weakness and threat are called challenges, and positive factors with a combination of strength and opportunity are called drivers. In this article with the title "Effective Advancement of the Defense-Security Considerations of the Border between Iran and Turkey", an attempt has been made to examine the aforementioned advancements in dimensions (natural, human, economic, socio-cultural, political and military-security). be made The main purpose of the research is to explain the factors affecting the defense-security considerations of the Iran-Turkey border, which corresponds to the purpose of the main question of the research. This research is of the applied research type and was conducted based on descriptive, analytical and survey methods. The statistical population of this research to determine the roles of strength and opportunity of the factors, 45 people have been selected according to the characteristics of the research among the experts. Delphi technique has been used to confirm the promoters. Based on the analysis, the results of the research show that 10 promoters are effective on the defense-security considerations of the border between Iran and Turkey.

One of the most important bases and sources of defence policy is the views of the country's highest decision-making authorities. According to their duties, knowledge and vision, they announce measures that can and should be used in the formulation of defence policies. In the Islamic Republic of Iran as well, Ayatollah Khamenei (Ayatollah Ali) is in possession of the supreme command and has the necessary insight and foresight, having a deep understanding of the Islamic society and system and the regional and international conditions. International, in various fields and have a specific intellectual system in this regard, which is necessary to be familiar with to guide the defence policy. All-round defence capability is the most important factor in preserving the independence and territorial integrity and system of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Therefore, this article has investigated the dimensions of defence thoughts of His Holiness. The main goal of the research is to explain the pattern of defence in strategic depth c. A. Iran is based on the defence thought of Supreme Commander-in-Chief Imam Khamenei. The results of the research are in five dimensions: "military, political, scientific-cultural, economic and geography", each of which has its own components and requirements, which can be proposed and examined from two positive and negative aspects. This research is applied in terms of purpose, in terms of method, content analysis, and library method has been used to collect data. The statistical population of the research is the collection of His Holiness's statements since 1368, the sample size is 12 experts in the field of jurisprudence and defence.

The defense policy of countries, as one of the main pillars of national security, requires accurate, continuous and appropriate evaluation based on scientific and specialized indicators .‌In the meantime, the scientific evaluation of the realization and implementation of defense policies plays an important role in the comprehensive evaluation model of defense policy, to review and adapt these policies to the dynamic and fluid requirements and requirements of national security. The purpose of this research is to provide a model for evaluating the realization of the defense policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The current research method is a combination of case-contextual, correlation-congruence and descriptive methods. In this research, the interview-questionnaire tool was used to collect data, and in order to extract the dimensions, components and indicators of the defense policy evaluation model, interviews were conducted with 15 experts.A closed questionnaire was distributed among 36 respondents (sample size) to confirm the opinions of experts and experts. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the reliability of the quantitative research tool. Finally, a model has been designed that has 6 dimensions, including the dimensions of fundamental principles and values, structure and organization, human capital, operational, environmental and promotional and information, and 11 components, including the components of Islamic and revolutionary values. The general principles are structural, organizational, behavioral, functional, executive, combat and defense, internal environment, external environment and advertising and information and has 87 main indicators.

At present, as a result of the rapid process of environmental changes with features such as uncertainty, complexity, uncertainty and dynamics, obviously decision-makings in country’s defensive affairs must be based on a rational and harmonious process that in its turn, increasing the importance of foresight in defensive field.The decision-making on defensive issues regarded as one of the most important concerns for policy-makers and the administrators of countries that usually a major part of national resources have been allocated to it so that in different environments of national security ranging from Cooperative , Competition and conflict , in the best and the most effective way to supported national purposes and ideals.In the study, qualitative and qualitative methods (mixed methods) are used to realize the objectives of the research. In the qualitative part, based on the exact study of all external and internal documents and systematic literature review of strategic-defensive Futures Studies and some of the systems of other countries as well as profound interviews with experts, have been extracted all Effective Factors in the Defensive Strategic futures studies. In the next level, we have dealt with the validity of Effective Factors by means of mean rank, with collecting the ideas of 31 experienced experts. Cronbach Alpha and composite reliability of the research are equivalent to 0/776 and 0/787 respectively. The findings of the research from the perspective of experts show that the ranking of international environmental, national environmental, field of defense and Futures Studies Factors.

The defense policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in achieving the goals, national interests and authority of the country follows the strategies and guidelines of God in the Qur'an, and indeed the objective and operational crystallization of the teachings of Islam is a valuable repository of the truth of Islam. It is clear that the correct presentation of the revolutionary ideal, defense thought and policy derived from the Holy Quran will increase our need today and will be instrumental in drawing the roadmap of defense policy. This study tries to extract the considerations of Islamic defense policy based on the relevant verses regarding the defense according to the book of Tafsir-e- Nemoneh from Ayatollah Makarem Shirazi. For this purpose, the main purpose of the research was to determine the considerations of defense policy from the perspective of the Qur'an and the research question was formed accordingly. The method used in this research is descriptive-analytical with a qualitative approach of applied type. To select the relevant verses, theoretical saturation was used in such a way that the selection of concepts was done until the theoretical saturation was reached and for its validity and reliability, the discovery and inspection method was used. The results of research based on 41 verses and their interpretation indicate that from the perspective of the Qur'an, the most important considerations of defense policy are: deterrence, sensitivity to the enemy, impenetrability, adherence to principles, principles and values, targeting ideals Revolution, gaining maximum benefits, determining the goals of the Islamic Ummah, the spirit of courage and not being afraid of the enemy, perseverance, paying attention to the defense doctrine of Islam, expanding and strengthening the monotheistic society.

One of the goals of the Islamic Revolution of Iran is conceptual use of Islamic knowledge and values ​​in all pillars of the system and at different levels of the people. One of the most important factors that can achieve this holy goal is the efficiency of the holy system of the Islamic Republic.In political science, efficiency or effectiveness indicates the ability to run a country by competent managers and perform the special work of government specialties and gain the maximum satisfaction of the people. In present study using descriptive-analytical methods and applied type, an attempt has been made to ask the question "What is the effect of efficient factors on the formulation of the internal conceptual using strategy of the Islamic Revolution?" to be answered. For this purpose, in order to confirm the enumerated factors on the development of the above strategy, two types of questionnaires were completely distributed among a statistical population of 40 people and after gathering datas from the statistical population data analysis and Friedman test were used for analyzing. The results include 29 factors affecting the efficiency of the system (10 factors of strength, 5 factors of weakness, 9 factors of opportunity and 5 factors of threat) for deepening (conceptual using)  the internal part of the Islamic Revolution.

Iran's judicial structure is based on the principles of a fair and just trial. This structure is supported by a number of principles as set out in the relevant laws, including the Code of Criminal Procedure. The judge and the lawyer are the two pillars of this set of principles. One of the most important laws related to the position of a lawyer in the official system of the country is the single article related to the selection of a lawyer by the litigants approved by the Expediency Council in 1991. According to this law, job guarantees of judicial officers have been extended to defense officials (lawyers). In addition to the employment regulations, other guarantees arising from the principle of judicial immunity, which is known as the index of advanced proceedings, are included in the positions of the defense system of the country in the position of defense. We call these safeguards, which rely on the theory of transfer of security and judicial respect for defense principles, defense immunity. The exercise of defense immunity has domestic, national and international effects. Litigation, guaranteeing domestic and international judicial authority, guaranteeing trust in the defense system, overseeing criminal justice activists, guaranteeing judicial and defense security, guaranteeing the right to life and human rights and political freedoms are some of the effects of applying the principle of defense immunity in Iran's criminal proceedings

The process of martyrdom operations in the field of jurisprudence and defense policy is one of the challenging components and due to the characteristics of this type of operation, which occurs mainly in defense of the unity of Islam and control of the enemy, is considered a defensive action. Considered illegitimate and equated with suicide. (Issue) The purpose of this study is to explain the jurisprudential documents of this type of operation in the framework of political jurisprudence by descriptive and analytical methods. (Method) According to the findings of this article, martyrdom operations as heroic resistance, on the one hand has general support, such as: maintaining the Islamic system and defending the country against invasions, and on the other hand has special documents of verses and hadiths that in This study was reviewed, also emphasizing the views of jurists on important, important and urgent topics and necessity as a support for martyrdom, has been explained, attention to this issue in the field of defense and activities of the Resistance Front in Palestine and Islamic fighters in other countries Islamic, with the exception of its compliance with the rules of Sharia and Sharia rules, will be instructive. (findings)

Establishing order and security is the basis of progress and development of all countries. Consolidation and immunity of the police as a guardian of order and security and comfort of the people against internal and external threats are of special importance. On the other hand, considering Iran's ideal conflicts with supra-regional powers and their regional agents and the ideological and global influence of our country and the fact that the police is the governmental organization and the armed arm of the system to ensure internal security, it is necessary to pay attention to ideological principles. Passive defense is quite obvious. The main purpose of this article is to examine passive defense from the perspective of Islam, using the experiences and views of law enforcement officials in South Khorasan Province to explain strategies for developing and increasing passive defense in the NAJA. This research is applied in terms of type and descriptive-analytical method. Research information in the background, theoretical foundations and some religious findings were collected using the library and note-taking method and in the field using a questionnaire distribution among respondents. The statistical population of the study is the officials and experts of the Disciplinary Command of South Khorasan Province, numbering 50 people, all of whom were questioned and their points of view were taken in the form of Likert scale and analyzed and evaluated using descriptive indicators and inferential statistics. Findings of research in the field of passive defense from the perspective of Islam were compiled in the form of tables by referring to the Qur'an and books of narration and biography of the Infallibles (AS). At the end of each of the fourteen items related to the effect of using different passions of passive defense in the optimal performance of missions and duties of law enforcement such as: the need to pay attention to religious teachings, institutionalization of these teachings in NAJA staff, increasing interaction between commanders and elites, public participation with Police, deal decisively with norm-breakers, agile organizational structure, threat forecasting, facility security, insight of staff, strengthening religious foundations to prevent corruption and job injuries, merit in appointments, creating a proper structure of passive defense and The preparation of the defense appendix was approved in all NAJA executive plans using descriptive statistics indicators and inferential statistics tests.

War and armed conflict is the most serious threat to the national security of countries. In this light, the period of holy defense is a valuable treasure of experiences, policies, plans and strategies that might enlighten the Islamic system’s future path in the face of future threats. This study has analyzed the defense strategies of Imam Khomeini during the holy defense in a descriptive-analytical method. The text of Imam Khomeini’s Sahifa about the holy defense has been studied and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using the content analysis methodology in analogical and inductive approaches. Seven components of defense, including philosophy and nature of holy defense, culture and organizational behavior of the armed forces, psychological operations, Islamic ethics in war, the military force equal to the Islamic Revolution, the role of world powers in the war and the role and function of popular mobilization forces have been set as the criterion to identify and explain Imam Khomeini''''''''s defense concepts and strategies. 54 concepts of defense have been extracted from the text of the Imam''''''''s Sahifa according to the research findings and based on the above mentioned seven components. Then, the ranking of concepts and their process of change during the six periods of holy defense has been studied and analyzed separately. Finally, seventeen defense strategies considered by Imam Khomeini (RA) have been determined using the qualitative content analysis method and the process of "categorization" based on the 54 concepts and the seven components of defense.

No certain definition has so far been rendered of hybrid threat. However threre are threats which have turned away from destruction to effect and are simultaneously conducted in line with destabilization by means of synergy as well as military, political and socio-economic tools. In the meantime, National Security is the capability of a nation in intercepting multifaceted threats and sustaining her survival through leverage of all policies as a nation-state. Accordingly, this study delves into hybrid threats in three levels including national, regional and international. To that end, it exploits questionnaire and documents in such a way that it proceeds through description-analysis upon a quantitative approach and in an applied type. The population of the study comprises 83 persons and the data are gathered on desk and out of questionnaire. The current paper recognizes 30 hybrid threats in three levels and four dimensions as: 21 international threats, 11 national threats and 9 regional threats out of which 11 ones are simultaneously active in two levels, and the most exacerbated threat is represented in the international level. Typologically speaking, hybrid threats are categorized into four groups: 16 in military, 14 in political sphere, 10 in societal sphere and 5 in economy out of which 15 are at the same time of two functions, and the effective threats are as follows: strategic disparity, legitimacy against Iran, delegitimization of Iran, domestic destabilization, domestic defortification, impenetration, weakening the governing system, raising the popular claims, desecuritization, internal depletion, external pressure, security guarantee, weakening resistance axis, scattering power, cyber space, destruction of infrastructure, intelligence operation, sustainable monitoring, paralyzing sanction, consensus-building, coalition and isolation, securitization of Iranian issue, security and regional destabilization, the Greater Middle East, proxy war, depopulation, cognitive threats, smart soldier and Ballistic Missile Defense.

The armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran are known as one of the main components of national power and during the course of his career, the Supreme Leader expressed the main points in this area that they should be the head of the work of the commanders and officials. The purpose of this study is to identify the concepts and categories related to the armed forces and ultimately provide a model for the supreme leader's idea of the armed forces. The research methodology, qualitative and strategy is the grounded theory. Also, the statistical society of the study will contain all the statements and written letters from the beginning of leader responsibility to year 1396. Based on open coding, 1066 codes were identified for armed forces, which were coded in axial coding in the form of 839 concepts, 51 sub categories and 15 main categories. The main categories are the preparedness of the armed forces, the unity of the armed forces, the characteristics of the armed forces, the mission of the armed forces, the reinforcement of the armed forces, the command of the armed forces, the acquisition of experience, the interactions of the armed forces, the authority of the armed forces, the achievements of the armed forces, self-sufficiency, Peoples' orientation, Goddess orientation, Jihadi Work and effort, and Organizing Armed Forces.