جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « انگیزش » در نشریات گروه « روانشناسی »

The aim of this study was the Psychometrics of Task and Ego Orientation questionnaire in Khorasan Razavi sports veterans. The research method was descriptive and of the structural equation type, which was carried out in the field. The statistical population of this research was made up of all organized sports veterans of Razavi Khorasan province (N=800), from whom 224 questionnaires were collected in the form of available sampling. In order to collect data, the Task and Ego Orientation questionnaire made by Tracey et al (2021) which consisted of 12 questions was used. In order to analyze the data, descriptive indices and statistical tests of Cronbach's alpha coefficient, McDonald's omega coefficient, theta coefficient, Brown's bisection coefficient,, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used in SPSS, lisrel and Stata statistical software. The results showed the reliability of the questionnaire (α=0.914, Ω=0.919, θ=0.941). Regarding construct validity and based on the amount of relationships and significance level, all the questions had a significant relationship with the components and were able to be a good predictor for their factor. The ratio of X2 to df is equal to 2.75 and (RMSEA) is equal to 0.078, so the model has the required fit. Also, the indices of NFI=0.99, CFI=0.99, GFI=0.97, AGFI=0.95 and IFI=0.99 confirmed the fit of the model. Regarding the relationships of the components with the concept of motivational tendencies, the results showed that both task and ego components could be good predictors for the desired concept.

Motivation as a psychological structure is effective in the well-being of a person. Accordingly, lack of motivation affects emotional states. The purpose of the current research is to design and validate the motivation training program in student girls with depression symptoms.

The present research has been done using a qualitative and quantitative mixed research method. In the qualitative part of the research, semi-structured interview has been used. The study population included 11 female students living in Yazd and purposive sampling method used and sampling continued until data saturation and no new data were available. Based on the analysis of the themes, the pattern of enhancement motivation training program was designed, In the quantitative part of the research, For validation and reliability by the content validity of the educational program template of the CVR (Content Validity Ratio) use. Using purposive sampling method, the proposed model was provided to 24 psychologists and the validity of the data was analyzed.

The results showed that based on CVR, all 20 main themes in the proposed model were confirmed.

In general, it can be acknowledged that the model based on strengthening motivation offers a different perspective in the treatment of depressed patients. Paying attention to the theoretical dimensions of this model and its application in treatment is of special importance.

The purpose of this study is to achieve the motivational methods of prosocial behavior in Islamic sources. The present study was a qualitative study using content analysis method. The research community includes all religious sources, including the Holy Quran and Shiite narrative sources, and the sample includes statements containing a network of concepts related to prosocial behavior, which is obtained from purposeful sampling. Information and data have also been collected and classified through the study and recording of books, articles, and the use of electronic libraries. To make the research reliable, the Qur'an and various narrative sources have been used to collect data. Frequent comparisons of the obtained themes with each other and their matching with the data and using the opinions of 5 religious and psychological experts in the data analysis steps have been used. Data from Islamic sources were analyzed; Finally, 57 initial codes, 6 themes and 16 sub-themes were obtained. The results of the present study show that in Islamic sources to encourage people to prosocial behavior, four cognitive methods including paying attention to the consequences of prosocial behavior, principles of humanity, cognitive distortions and valuing, emotional method including divine promise and behavioral method including patterning. The main focus is on cognitive methods because it has the most content.

Since the expansion of new technologies, the development of media literacy, and the lack of sufficient movement of people have led to motor illiteracy, the use of new educational approaches can increase the level of children's physical literacy.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of cognitive-motor intervention on physical literacy and enjoyment of physical activity among female students in a two-month follow-up plan.

The present research is semi-experimental. The statistical population included female students aged 10 to 12 years old in Yazd city, 40 of them (20 in the experimental group, 20 in the control group) using the purposeful sampling method and performing physical literacy tests and completing the enjoyment of physical activity questionnaire by Moore et al. (2001) participated in this research in the form of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The experimental group participated in the cognitive-motor program for 18 sessions, 3 sessions per week, and the control group did their usual activities and did not receive any intervention. Data analysis was performed using mixed analysis of variance with repeated measurement and independent t-test at a significance level of p≤0.05.

The results showed that the participants of the experimental group performed better in physical literacy and enjoyment of physical activity in the post-test and follow-up than the pre-test, but in the control group, there was no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores. Also, comparing the groups, the results showed that the participants of the experimental group performed better than the control group in terms of motivation in physical literacy and enjoyment of physical activity.

According to the findings of the present study, cognitive-motor intervention can be used to develop physical literacy and increase the enjoyment of physical activity in female students.

Household electricity consumption in Iran is about 33% of total consumption and the electricity-saving behavior despite of emphases is still far from the desired level.

The aim of this study was to predict the behavior of household electricity saving in Iranian electricity consumers. The design used in this research was structural equation modeling and the statistical population included all electricity consumers across the country in 1400. Sampling was done by convenience sampling method and the sample size was estimated to be 256 using the Soper (2022) method, but the number of research participants was 684. Tools used for data collection included Demographic and Characteristics of Housing Questionnaire (DHC), Saving Electricity Scale based on Social Status Upgrading (SESSSU), Motivation toward Saving Energy Scale (MTSES), and Energy Saving Behavior Scale (ESBS), which included 57 questions and items. Data were collected  through Google Form and analyzed by Smart PLS 3.3.3 and SPSS 26 softwares using structural equation modeling method.

Findings showed that the the social need for consumption explains 35% of the motivation to save electricity (P=0.00). The results also showed that electricity saving motivation explained 38% of electricity saving behavior (P=0.00). Among the components of electricity saving motivation, the highest relationship with the main structure was observed in integrated motivation, identified motivation, internal motivation and introjected motivation.

Conclution:

 It seems that increasing in electricity-saving behavior is affected by stimulating motivation through social need to consume electricity. The findings of the present study can be used in policies and interventions that aim at consumer behavior and increase saving behaviors.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of strategic solution-oriented therapy on emotional, cognitive, motivational and biological symptoms of major depressive disorder.

The present study was applied in terms of research purpose. The quasi-experimental research design was pretest-posttest with control group and quarterly follow-up. The statistical population of the study included all men and women who referred to Bojnourd Beautiful Mental Counseling and Psychology Center in 2019-20, who referred to psychiatrists, psychologists and mental health specialists and the center specialists diagnosed them with major depressive disorder. The sample of this study includes 30 people from the mentioned community who were selected using purposive sampling method and using simple randomization method in two groups of solution-focused therapy (n= 15) based on Quick (2008) protocol and control group (n=15) were assigned. Data were obtained using a Depression Inventory (researcher-made). In the descriptive statistics section, mean and standard deviation and in the inferential statistics section, the analysis of variance with repeated measures was used.

The results showed that strategic solution-oriented therapy reduces the symptoms of emotional (F=41.16, P<0.001), cognitive (F=12.87, P<0.001), motivational (F=4.93, P=0.035) and biological (F=29.85, P<0.001) disorders. Major depression was effective.

It can be concluded that strategic solution-oriented therapy is effective on emotional, cognitive, motivational and biological symptoms of major depressive disorder and can be used to improve the problems of people with major depression.

Researche have shown that simple movement skills are among the prerequisites for the development of more advanced movement skills. Despite extensive studies in the field of movement skills, the influence of active and sports-based video games on the improvement of movement skills has been less discussed.

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of active video games and Basic sports games on the gross motor skill and Motivation in elementary school male students.

The research was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population included all 8-10 years Children in Ahvaz. 60 Children were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into 3 groups of 30 individual. The research instruments were the Brunnicks-Ozertsky test, the Motivation Questionnaire and the Xbox 360 Kinect. First, pre-test data on gross skills and motivation were obtained. The study groups practiced twice for 8 weeks, 30 minutes per session. At the end of the training sessions, a post-test of gross skills and motivation was taken. In order to analyze the data, the covariance analysis method was used using SPSS version 22 software.

The results showed that active and sports-based video games had a significant effect on the development of gross skills and motivation (P<0.05). Also, there was no significant difference between active video games and sports base (P<0.05).

Based on the findings regarding the effectiveness of active and sports-based video games on the development of gross motor skills and motivation in students, it is recommended to teach the use of active video games to improve gross motor skills in students.

The purpose of present study was to evaluate the motivational model for predicting adherence to the measures in the Covid-19 pandemic.

In a descriptive-correlational design, 306 people (204 females, 102 males) from the community sample older than 18 years were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected with Adherence to governmental measures survey, Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale, Feelings of uncertainty and threat scale, Motivation to adhere to governmental measures scale, and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Data were analyzed with structural equation modeling based on the partial least squares approach.

Results showed that motivation has a mediating role in relation to needs satisfaction with distress, feelings of uncertainty and threat and adherence to governmental measures. Psychological distress and feelings of uncertainty and threat also played a negative mediating role in the needs frustration and adherence to governmental measures. Other results showed that psychological needs, motivation, distress, and feelings of uncertainty and threat explain 33% of the adherence to governmental measures variance.

It seems that the adherence to governmental measures in the Covid-19 pandemic is influenced by motivational and emotional factors. Accordingly, giving the opportunity to participate in related decisions and provide feedback systems seems to be effective in complying with adherence to governmental measures in order to increase the autonomy and competence and reduce stress.

The main purpose of this research study staff motivation and organizational commitment sports and youth province and the relationship between them. This study has a statistical population of 144 members, Due to the small size of the population, the sample was decided to include all the members of the population. Information consists of the standard theory of motivation with regard to Mac Kllyland the reliability of 0.81 and organizational commitment questionnaire Meyer & Allen reliability 0.8 were collected. For data analysis, SPSS version 20 statistical software and statistical methods Kolmogrov- Smirnov (KS) normality of the data to determine the default is to use the Pearson correlation test was used. The results indicate a significant relationship between motivation and organizational commitment of all employees of the department of sports and youth of Hormozgan province (r=-0.354 & p=0.001<0.05). Generally, applying the theories discussed may help improve and enhance motivation and organizational commitment among the staff of the department of sports and youth of Hormozgan province tried.

Depression as the most common psychiatric and mood disorder affects many people in all parts of the world. Depression is associated with long periods, variety of symptoms, high rate of recurrence and many physical and mental disorders. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of treatment focused on emotion and strategic treatment focused on emotional, cognitive, motivational and biological symptoms of major depressive disorder.

The current research was applied in terms of the purpose of the research. The design of the semi-experimental research was pre-test-post-test with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research included all women and men who referred to the counseling and psychological center of the beautiful mind of Bojnord city in 2019-20, who referred to psychiatrists, psychologists and mental health specialists, and the specialists of the center gave them a diagnosis of major depressive disorder. The sample of this research includes 45 people from the mentioned society who, using simple randomization method, were divided into three groups of emotion-focused couple therapy (n=15), solution-oriented couple therapy (n=15) and control group (n=15) were assigned. The data was obtained using a depression questionnaire (made by the researcher). Mean and standard deviation were used in the descriptive statistics section, and variance analysis method with repeated measures was used in the inferential statistics section.

The results showed that emotion-focused therapy has a greater effect on the emotional, motivational and biological (vegetative) symptoms of major depressive disorder than solution-oriented strategy therapy (P < 0.01) and solution-oriented strategy therapy has more impact than focused therapy. Emotion has a greater effect on the cognitive symptoms of major depressive disorder (P<0.01). The results of this research were also permanent in the follow-up phase.

It can be concluded that emotion-focused therapy and solution-oriented strategic therapy focused on emotional, cognitive, motivational symptoms and biological symptoms of major depressive disorder were effective, and these treatments can be used to reduce the problems of people with major depression. profit

Organizations face many challenges in recruiting and retaining talented personnel and need better ways to recruit, develop, evaluate motivation, retain or transfer them. The present applied research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of cash and non-cash rewards on employee motivation with the mediating role of organizational commitment of Zanjan Refa Bhank. Methodes: This research in terms of method, descriptive-correlation and statistical population includes all employees of the Refah Bank with a population of 163 people. The statistical sample size was 136 employees in the branches of this bank and were measured using non-probabilistic and purposeful cluster sampling method.

 McLeland Standard Motivation Questionnaire (1950) and Allen and Meyer Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (1991) and researcher-made cash rewards questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha 0.715 and reliability coefficient of 0.809 and non-cash rewards with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.133 and It was 0.861, the face validity of which was confirmed by experts..

Pearson correlation coefficient test and structural equation modeling technique using PLS software were used to analyze the data.

Findings showed that cash rewards (salaries and benefits, fairness of payments, workplace equipment) and non-cash rewards (security, participation, supervisor behavior, creativity, promotion, training facilities) had an effect on motivation (achievement motivation, belonging motivation, power motivation). It is positive and meaningful. Organizational commitment of employees also plays a mediating role in the effect of reward on employee motivation.

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between self-regulation and academic resiliency with respected to mediating role of autonomous motivation. The target population of the study comprised Tehran universities under graduate students in the academic year of 1397-1398. The sample consisted of 360 students who were selected by random cluster sampling method. The instruments used in this study were: Academic motivation scale (Vallerand و colleagues, 1989), self-regulation scale (Bufard, 1995) and academic resiliency questionnaire (Martin, 2003). The research method applied to this study was casual modeling. The results revealed that self-regulation had direct effect to predict academic resiliency. Meaning that increase of self-regulation promotes resilience. In addition relationship of academic autonomous motivation is direct and negative which is the result of external motivation. This shows that non-autonomous motivation decreases academic resilience. Furthermore, autonomous motivation mediated the relationship of self-regulation with academic resiliency.

Physical literacy has been widely considered by researchers in recent years, but there are limited tools for measuring it, and have not been reported a reliable tools for measuring physical literacy in Iran yet.

This study was done to investigate the psychometric properties of Sam (2016) Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument (PPLI).

The method of this research was descriptive and the study population were high school students in Tehran in 2019-2020 who were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling from different parts of Tehran. The sample size of the study was 836 adolescents aged 12-18 years. The translation process of the questionnaire was done forward-backward, then the content validity of the questionnaire was performed using the opinions of 10 sports science experts. After distributing the questionnaire in the data sample, it was tested in the assumed three-factor model of Sam (2016). Also, to assess the reliability of the instrument, the questionnaire was re-assessed in 30 subjects after 11 days. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis test, Cronbachchr('39')s alpha and Pearson correlation coefficients.

The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that CFI, NFI, GFI, IFI (> 0/9), PCFI, PNFI (> 0/8) and AGFI (> 0/5) indices has optimal fit of the model and the three-factor model was approved. Also, the instrument had good internal consistency and reliability of test-retest in the factors and scale (> 0/7).

The results of this study showed that the Persian PPLI has good validity and reliability and can be used to assess the perceived physical literacy of adolescents.

Depending on the frequency of encounters and the sense induced the emotions involved, people develop different conceptualizations of a phenomenon.

The authors of the present study, therefore, have utilized the concept of emotioncy to introduce the emotioncy profile, in which emotions about a given concept and their frequencies can be considered as a propel to produce motivation at individual and social levels. This emotioncy profile emo-sensory motivation can be further categorized into EMOTIONcy (emotion>frequency), emotionCY (emotion<frequency), and EMOTIONCY (emotion=frequency), based on which people may experience different levels of motivation and immersion. The results of the present study indicate that at the EMOTIONcy level, emotions can be so affective that they move individuals from exvolvement to involvement..The results of the present study indicate that at the EMOTIONcy level, where people experience more emotions, it might be so effective that it moves them from exvolvement to involvement. Also, if a person has positive emotions about a concept, it increases flow, which consequently leads to willingness to repeat and positive attitudes. Contrarily, negative emotions can lead to extreme avoidance, and demotivation, and negative attitudes.

The standard situation is the time emotions and senses go hand in hand, creating optimal motivation and immersion. The normal situation is the time when emotions and senses go hand in hand, creating optimal motivation and immersion. This can lead to congruent attitudes at individual, local, and global levels. Moreover, individual, local, and global attitudes can change when there is no balance between sense and emotion.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the electricity saving behavior in the heads of households in Tehran, and moral norms and various energy saving  motivations. The present study use a descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population consisted of all the heads of households in Tehran in 2019. In addition, the convenience sampling method was used (N=366). The research instruments consisted of items for assessing Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC), the Problem Awareness Scale (PAS), the Ascription of Responsibility and Outcome Efficacy Scale (AROES), the Personal Norms Scale (PNS), the Energy Saving Behavior Scale (ESBS), and the Motivation toward Saving Energy Scale (MTSES). In total, there were 44 items in this survey. The data were collected online and  via a paper-pencil form. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), SPSS ver. 25 and Smart PLS ver. 3 were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that of the demographic variables, only marital status was connected with the electricity saving behavior. The problem awareness, and ascription of responsibility and outcome efficacy had a direct and significant relationship with personal norms; and personal norms were directly related to the electricity saving behavior. According to the findings, problem awareness, ascription of responsibility and outcome efficacy, and personal norms were connected with the electricity saving behavior through partial mediation of motivation. Lastly, the results showed that integrated, intrinsic, identified and introjected motivations had the most significant relationships with the electricity saving behavior. By strengthening motivation, the components of norm activation model could be transformed into the electricity saving behavior.

Lamarck’s idea of the ability to transfer memories acquired in the face of various environmental conditions through non-educational and non-genetic mechanisms to children has been extensively considered. Previous studies have shown that parents’ environmental experiences, such as exposure to environmental toxins, educational behaviors, stress, and fear, may affect several generations’ phenotypes. The inheritance of epigenetic patterns, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA, to living organisms, allows the information related to the ancestral environment to be passed on to their offspring. Presently, the acquired traits related to learning and memory capabilities are among the essential issues in the field of epigenetic transmission. Considering that methylation DNA, histone methylation, and histone acetylation are three major epigenetic processes involved in the regulation of memory, which leads to modification of epigenetic patterns, and given the possibility of transmitting epigenetic symptoms from parents to offspring, it is anticipated that the phenotypes created in the learning process and memory formation in parents will be passed on to their children. It facilitates the learning process and memory formation of the offspring. Therefore, this study aimed at specifically analyzing whether Paternal learning of a spatial task before fertilization can impact the process of spatial learning in the male offspring.

In the present study, Wistar adult male rats (8 weeks old) were used at the beginning of the study. The first eight male rats were randomly divided into the two groups: spatial memory training group (n=4) and control group (n=4). The rats participated in the spatial memory training group in the Morris water maze Protocol, and the control group did not participate in any training. After the end of the training session, male rats of both groups mated with female rats that had not experienced any training. After the end of mating, pregnancy, birth, and lactation, four male offspring from each mother were randomly selected in each group, and in the two groups, paternal train (n=16), and paternal no-train (n=16) they were practicing Morris water maze within five days.

Escape latency: A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures (2×12) (Group × Trial) showed that the main effect of trials (F11, 330=19.63, P≤0.001), the main effect of group (F11, 30=11.77, P≤0.01), and interactive effect of trials and group (F111, 330=1.98, P≤0.032) is significant. The post-hoc test results revealed that in trial five, there was a significant difference between the time to find the platform in the paternal train and paternal no-train groups, and male offspring of the paternal train group had better performance than others. Swimming speed: A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures (2×12) (Group×Trial) showed significant main effects of Trial (F(11, 330)=7.48, P<0.01) and Group (F(1, 30)=4.52, P<0.05), while the interaction Group×Trial (F(11, 330)= 0.69, P=0.74) was not significant. The results showed that the swimming speed in the male offspring of trained fathers was higher than in the female offspring of not-trained fathers. Total distance swum: A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures (2×12) (Group×Trial) showed significant main effects of Trial (F(11, 330)=10.20, P<0.001) and Group (F(1, 30)=7.14, P<0.05), while the interaction Group×Trial (F(11, 330)=0.72, P=0.71) was not significant. These data indicate that the male offspring of trained fathers’ total distance swum was significantly shorter than that of male offspring of not-trained fathers. Probe phase: Twenty-four hours afterward, the animals were submitted to the spatial probe test, and the time spent in the target quadrant was calculated. Student’s t-test showed a significant difference between groups (t=2.99, df=30, P<0.01). The results showed the longer time spent in the target quadrant displayed by the male offspring of trained fathers compared to the male offspring of not-trained fathers.

These findings indicate that paternal spatial training before fertilization improves the male offspring’s spatial learning and memory consolidation process and motivation.

The purpose of this study is to explain the role of competition in predicting the level of youth aggression with the mediating role of family interactions. The standard questionnaire of Maxwell and Morris (2007) was used to measure competitiveness, the Bass and Perry questionnaire (1992) was used for aggression, and the 10-item questionnaire of David Elson and Howard Bars (1985) was used to assess the mediating role of family interactions. . The validity and reliability of this questionnaire has been confirmed in this and similar studies. The results show that all sub-hypotheses of the research along with the first main hypothesis are confirmed with 95% confidence due to the significance level lower than 0.05; Therefore, according to the results of this study, the relationship between the role of competition in the dimensions of satisfaction due to better performance, desire to win, motivation to try, feeling satisfied with doing homework and preferring to do harder work with predicting youth aggression There is meaning. Healthy competition, if put in its path, can prevent aggression among male adolescents, and family interactions have not been able to reduce or moderate aggression created during competition.