جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Emotional schemas » در نشریات گروه « روانشناسی »

The aim of this study was to predict marital distress ‎based on emotional schemas with the mediation of ‎communication aggression in young couples. This ‎research was non-experimental and correlational. The ‎statistical population of this study consisted of all ‎young couples in the first and second regions of Urmia ‎city in the first three months of 2022. The sample size ‎was 186 people using Green's(1991) formula, which ‎was selected by simple random method. To collect ‎data, the Vismen et al.'s Marital Distress(2009), ‎Leahy's Emotional Schemas(2002), and Nelson and ‎Carroll's Communication Aggression(2006) ‎questionnaires were used. Data were analyzed using ‎structural equation method in AMOS. The results ‎showed that the effect of emotional schemas on marital ‎distress has a direct and significant effect. ‎Communication aggression has a direct and significant ‎positive effect on marital distress. The effect of non-‎adaptive emotional schemas on communication ‎aggression is positive, while the effect of adaptive ‎emotional schemas on this variable is negative. The ‎indirect effect of non-adaptive emotional schemas on ‎communication aggression is positive, while the ‎indirect effect of adaptive emotional schemas on this ‎variable is negative‏.‏‎ Therefore, marital distress can be ‎predicted based on emotional schemas and with the ‎mediation of communication aggression in young ‎couples.‎

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of metacognitive-beliefs, emotional-schemas and parental-bonding in vulnerability to sensory processing sensitivity in the nonclinical population of Tehran. The research method in this study was correlational and type of path analysis studies. The statistical population consisted of all citizens over 16 years old in Tehran during winter and spring of 2018. 401 people were selected by available sampling method. After explaining the aim of the research, they were filled out Aron’s Highly Sensitive Person Scale (1997), Leahy’s Emotional Schemas Scale (2002), Wells’s Metacognition Questionnaire (1997) and Parker’s Parental Bonding Instrument (1979). Data were analyzed using SPSS-20 and LISREL. The results of path analysis indicated that the proposed model fitted well with the data. The highest path coefficients were related to emotional schemas (0.40), followed by Parental bonding (0.29) and metacognitive beliefs (0.25) respectively affecting sensory processing sensitivity. The indirect effect of emotional schemas through Parental-bonding (0.20) and metacognition through Parental-bonding (-0.13) was also significant. According to the results, metacognitive-beliefs and emotional-schemas are directly and indirectly affect the sensory processing sensitivity; therefore, metacognitive and emotional schemas therapy can be used to design the preventive programs and appropriate therapeutic interventions for this group.

The present study aimed to present a model of trust in couples affected by marital infidelity based on emotional schemas with the mediating role of emotional expression. The current research was descriptive-correlational based on structural equation modeling (SEM). In light of these considerations, the statistical population of this study comprised all couples affected by marital infidelity who were referred to the counseling centers of Nowshahr, Chalus, and Tonekabon between May and August 2021. , 150 couples (300 people) were selected using the available sampling method, and Rempel et al. (1985) Interpersonal Relationship Scale (IRS), Leahy's (2002) emotional Schema Scale (LESS), and King and Emmons’ (1990) emotional expressiveness Questionnaire (EEQ) were completed. At the conclusion of the study, adaptive and nonadaptive schemas directly have a significant effect on couples' trust (P<0.05). Also, adaptive schemas through the mediation of positive emotion expression and nonadaptive schemas through the expression of positive emotion and expressing intimacy had an indirect and significant effect on couples' trust (P<0.01). The findings of this study suggest that the model of trust in couples affected by infidelity based on emotional schemas with the mediation role of emotional expression has a good fit, and the use of this model could be effective for experts in the determination of extramarital relationships.

love shock in students is a common phenomenon that causes different psychological problems in them. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of emotional schemas in the relationship between psychological disturbance and dark personality traits with love trauma syndrome in the female students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University. Research

The research method was descriptive and structural equation type. The statistical population of the present study was all female students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in the academic year 2018-2019. The statistical sample of this research consisted of 220 female students who participated in the research online and through virtual networks. The tools used in this research include the Love Shock Questionnaire (Ross, 1999), the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (Lavibond, 1995), the Dark Traits Scale (Johnson and Webster, 2010) and the Emotional Schemas Questionnaire (Leahy, 2002). They were. Data analysis was done using structural equation modeling.

The obtained results showed that the causal model of the relationship between psychological disturbance, dark personality traits, emotional schemas and love shock syndrome of students was confirmed based on various fit indices. Psychological turmoil, dark personality traits, and emotional schemas have a direct effect on the degree of love trauma symptoms of students (P<0.001); Also, psychological disturbance and dark personality traits have an indirect effect on students' love trauma symptoms through emotional schemas (P<0.001).

Therefore, psychological disturbance, dark personality traits, emotional schemas play an important role in the rate of love shock syndrome in students, and targeting these three components through various psychological treatments can be effective in reducing students' love shock syndrome.

Attachment styles are related to the ability to regulate emotions and cognitive flexibility; Therefore, there is this hypothesis that people's desire to marry is influenced by secure, avoidant, and ambivalent attachment styles, and positive emotional schemas; Also, emotional regulation and flexibility can be important in this case. In this way, the present research sought to investigate these relationships.

This study is a type of correlation design based on the analysis of structural relationships (structural equation modeling). The statistical sample in this study was 500 students of Shahed University of Tehran and Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2020-2021. The tools used in this study include the following questionnaires: Por-Etemad et al.'s Marriage Desire Scale, which was created in 2012, Gross's Emotional Regulation Questionnaire was created in 2003, Leahy's Emotional Schemas Questionnaire was created in 2012, and the Flexibility Questionnaire. The recognition was developed by Dennis et al., 2010, and the Besharat adult attachment scale was developed in 2016. Questionnaires were completed through sharing in virtual space. In analyzing the findings of this study, descriptive statistics methods were used using SPSS software, and path coefficients between model variables in Lisrel software and other fit indices were used.

The findings showed that all kinds of attachment styles can affect the desire to marry. Also, attachment styles had significant relationships with cognitive reappraisal, emotion suppression, and cognitive flexibility. Among the emotional schemas, only the emotion controllability schema was able to significantly predict the desire to marry. In the investigation of indirect relationships, we saw that the effect of attachment styles and control schema on willingness to marry decreased with the inclusion of mediator variables. And the biggest effect was related to cognitive flexibility variable.

The findings of the research showed the effect of attachment styles and emotional schemas on the degree of people's willingness to marry, relying on the methods of evaluation and management of emotions and their cognitive flexibility. Therefore, these variables can be taken into consideration in the scope of interpersonal communication and psychological problems in creating and maintaining effective relationships and increasing willingness to marry.

Problematic emotional schemas are not only associated with emotions, but also with marital discord and decreased mindfulness, a negative view of one's emotions, and problematic coping strategies such as avoidance, rumination, or blaming oneself and others. On the other hand, empathy with the capability of understanding another’s emotional experience increases psychological well-being indicators and improves the quality of emotional schemas. Research shows the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy integrated with compassion on worry, rumination, social anxiety, and the relationship of couples; but there is a research gap in the application of this treatment in the studied community.

The present study sought to investigate the efficacy of cognitive therapy based on acceptance and commitment, with a focus on self-compassion emotional schemas, and empathy in couples.

The research method was quasi-experimental based on a pre-test, post-test design, and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population consisted of all couples who were referred to counseling centers in Tehran in the first half of 1400. The sample size was 36 people and the sampling method was purposive with random replacement. The experimental group received the interventions in 8 weekly 90-minute group sessions. The research instruments included Leahy's emotional schemas scale II (2002) and Jolliffe and Farrington’s basic empathy scale (2006). The data were analyzed using mixed analysis of variance and SPSS-25 statistical analysis software.

The results showed that cognitive intervention, based on acceptance and commitment with a focus on self-compassion, affect the variables of emotional schemas (P< 0.001) and empathy
(P< 0.001) significantly. Follow-up results showed stability in efficacy.

The results indicated that cognitive therapy based on acceptance and commitment with a focus on self-compassion influenced the emotional schemas and empathy in couples. Thus, cognitive therapy based on acceptance and commitment with a focus on self-compassion could be used to correct problematic emotional schemas and to increase empathy in couples.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of emotional schemas in the relationship between attachment styles and childhood trauma with a tendency to extramarital relationships. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all married students of Guilan University in the academic year 1399-1400, which included 2061 people, and 246 of them entered the study by the available sampling method. Research instruments included the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS, Collins and Reid, 1996), abbreviated childhood trauma Questionnaire (CTQ, Bernstein et al, 2003), Attitudes Towards Extramarital Relationships Scale (ATERS, Watley, 2006), and Emotional Schemas Scale (LESS, Leahy, 2002). A structural equation modeling method in the form of path analysis was used for data analysis. The results showed that the proposed research model has a good fit. Bootstrap results also showed that the indirect path of secure attachment style with a tendency towards extramarital relationships through adaptive and maladaptive emotional schemas was significant (P<0/05). The indirect path of ambivalent-anxious attachment style with a tendency towards extramarital relationships through adaptive and maladaptive emotional schemas was significant (P<0/01). The indirect path of childhood trauma with a tendency towards extramarital relationships through adaptive emotional schemas was significant (P<0/05). From the above findings, it can be concluded that emotional schemas play a mediating role between attachment styles and childhood trauma with a tendency towards extramarital relationships,  and it is necessary to pay attention to these factors in prevention and counseling programs.

Today, the occurrence of emotional failure in people can lead to dysfunction in various areas. Therefore, this research considered the role of emotional schemas in predicting love trauma syndrome in people with emotional failure. The research method was descriptive-post-event and used the correlation (regression) method. At first, the emotional schemas questionnaires and love trauma syndrome were modified online, and then through links were sent to emotional failure people in the age of 18to38 years in a purposeful method in 2020-2021 in Isfahan city. Then, 89 people were grouped into three levels, data were analyzed, using diagnostic analysis method, and their scores in love trauma syndrome indicators as criterion variables and their scores in emotional schemas as predictor variables. The findings indicated the achievement of two diagnostic functions that only one diagnostic function was able to significantly explain the variance of the formed groups with the appropriate eigenvalues. Among the constructs of emotional schemas; uncontrollability, simplistic view of emotion, and feeling of shame/guilt, respectively, had the highest structural coefficient. The results of this research showed that people who experienced emotional failure have more emotional schemas, which hinders the resolution of the emotional failure experience

The aim of the current research is to investigate the structural relationship between emotional schemas and experiential avoidance of self-harm behaviors with the mediating role of smartphone addiction. The study was of the type of correlation and analysis of the path and society of all women and men between the ages of 13 and 30 living in the city of Ahvaz between August and October of 2021, from which a sample of 250 people was selected using the available sampling method. The research tools included The Self-Harm Inventory (SHI, Sanson, et al., 1998), the Mobile Phone Addiction questionnaire (Savari, 2012), the Inventory of Sensation Seeking (AISS, Arnett, 1994), and the Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (LESS, Leahy, 2002). The research findings showed that all path coefficients related to the final model and direct and indirect effects (except the path of adaptive emotional schemas to self-harm behaviors) are significant at the P≤0.05 level, and the model had an optimal fit. It can be concluded that emotional schema and experiential avoidance through smartphone addiction cause self-harm behaviors in individuals.

The present research aimed to predict the dark tetrad personality traits based on emotional schemas and temperament and character in students. This study was a cross-sectional type of correlation. The research population was the students of the Islamic Azad University of Urmia branch in the academic years of 2019-20 with a number of 17020 people, which the sample size based on Krejcie and Morgan table estimated 375 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Research data were collected by the emotional schemas scale II (ESS-II; Leahy, 2012), temperament and character questionnaire (TCQ; Cloninger, 1994), and dark tetrad personality traits scale (DTPTS; Plouffe et al., 2017) and analyzed by multiple regression with entering model method in SPSS software version 22. The findings showed that the schemas of lack of understanding, guilt, simplification, lack of control, numbness, rejection, rumination and shame and temperaments of innovations, dependent reward, and perseverance had a positive and significant relationship with dark tetrad personality traits in students and the schemas of the lake of evaluation, rationality and weak expression and characters of cooperation, self-direction and self-transgression had a negative and significant relationship with their dark tetrad personality traits (P<0.01). Also, emotional schemas and temperament, and character significantly could explain 24.6 percent of changes in dark tetrad personality traits in students (P<0.001). According to the results of the present research, reducing the dark tetrad personality traits in students can provide the basis for modifying the related emotional schemas and temperament, and character.

This study was conducted with the aim of emotional divorce and emotional schemas in couples with emotional divorce experience: the mediating role of emotional intelligence. The research method is cross-sectional correlation. The statistical population of this study consisted of all married women referring to counseling clinics in region 1 of Tehran with the field of couple therapy counseling in 1400, from which 220 people were selected by available sampling method. In this study, the tools of emotional divorce (Guttman, 1999), emotional schemas (Leahy, 2002) and emotional intelligence (Bar-On, 1980) were used, all of which had acceptable validity and reliability. SPSS-V22 and Amos-V22 software were used to analyze the data. Structural equation modeling was also used to answer the research hypotheses. Findings showed that the model has a good fit. The results showed that emotional schemas did not have a direct effect on emotional divorce in couples with emotional divorce experience referred to Tehran Psychological Center. The results also showed that emotional schemas do not have an indirect effect on emotional divorce mediated by emotional intelligence in couples with emotional divorce experience referred to Tehran Psychological Center.

Due to the high prevalence of personality disorders and the change of personality disorder classification model in DSM-5, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of pathological (morbid) personality traits, early maladaptive schemas and emotional schemas in predicting B-Cluster personality disorders. This is a descriptive correlational study. The sample is 359 (230 females and 129 males) who were selected in access from the age range of 18-50 years in Mashhad. The research instruments were Personality Disorder Questionnaire (PDQ-4), DSM-5 Personality Questionnaire (PID-5), Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (YSQ) and Lay Emotional Schema Scale (LESS). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis. The findings of this study showed that the variables of comprehensibility, disinhibition, consensus, antagonism, impaired limits and psychoticism are significantly capable of predicting antisocial personality disorder and the variables of comprehensibility, control, disinhibition, negative affectivity, rumination, numbness, simplistic view of emotion, blame and duration have significant predictive power of borderline personality disorder and variables of antagonism, guilt, blame, psychoticism, higher values and consensus significantly predict the narcissist personality disorder and variables of consensus, disinhibition, antagonism, negative affectivity, other-directedness, over-vigilance and detachment significantly predict the histrionic personality disorder. It can be concluded that morbid personality traits, early maladaptive schemas, and emotional schemas play a significant role in predicting personality disorders of cluster “B”.

The aim of this research was to predict students' academic procrastination based on emotional schemas through the mediating role of test anxiety. The study was conducted with correlational a method. The study population included all undergraduate students of Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran in the academic year of 2019-20. Using multi-stage cluster sampling 320 subjects were selected. The Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students, Spielberger test anxiety questionnaire and Leahy emotional schemas scale were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. Findings showed that the developed conceptual model had a good fitness with the collected data. Test anxiety and emotional schemas explained a total of 31% of variance in academic procrastination. Emotional schemas had a direct effect on academic procrastination. This variable also had an indirect effect on academic procrastination through test anxiety. Accordingly, having negative beliefs about emotions predisposes students to higher test anxiety and increases academic procrastination through increasing test anxiety. Therefore, it seems that by identifying people's emotional schemas and designing interventions to correct these beliefs, it could help reduce their test anxiety and academic procrastination.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder that can be stimulated and intensified by psychological factors such as anxiety and negative imotions and affects the quality of life of these patients. But can help the behavioral cognitive and acceptance and commitment interventions on improve the qulailty of life and emotional schemas in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with generalized anxiety disorder?

The aim of study was the efficacy of behavioral cognitive and acceptance and commitment interventions on qulailty of life and emotional schemas in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with generalized anxiety disorder.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest design with a control group and follow up for three months. The statistical population included patients with irritable bowel syndrome and generalized anxiety disorder in Tehran. 60 patients were selected through targeted sampling and were assigned randomly into two experimental groups and one control group (n= 20 each). Experimental groups received twelve 90-minute sessions of behavioral cognitive (Dugas & Robichaud, 2007) and acceptance and commitment (Eifert & Forsyth, 1396) intervention's, and the control group received no intervention during this period. Participants were assessed by Patrick & Drossman's IBS Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (1998) and Jiang & et.al emotional schemas questionnaire (2019) in pre-test and post-test. The results were analysed using multivariate analysis of variance.

Both interventions had a significant effect on improve the quality of life and emotional schemas (P <0.01), this effect was stable during follow-up period (P <0.01). Also, there was no significant difference between the two treatments in terms of efficacy and both treatments are equally effective.

Each of the behavioral cognitive and acceptance and commitment interventions as an effective intervention can be used in medical centers to improve the quality of life and emotional schemas of patients with irritable bowel syndrome and generalized anxiety disorder.

The aim of this study was to predict nomophobia based on emotional schemas among students. The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included all students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in the first semester of the academic year 1399-1400. The nomophobia questionnaires (NMP-Q) by Bildrim and Correa (2015) and the emotional schemas (LESS) by Leahy (2002) were virtually selected and then virtualized according to the condition of Covid 19 disease. Done. Accomplished. Data analysis was performed by Pearson correlation test and stepwise regression using SPSS software version 25. Findings indicated that there was the highest correlation between the control component (r = -0.527) and the lowest correlation between emotion expression (r = 0.007). They also explain the components of control, rumination, and feelings of shame and guilt in 17% of the variance of nomophobia. In general, it can be said that deep psychological characteristics such as schemas and emotions can be effective in aggravating or relieving the symptoms of nomophobia.

A large body of research shown that the initial parent-child relationship affects the quality of children's marital relationships; but the issue of the impact of that how the initial relationship with the parents affects on quality of the marital relationship has received less attention. Theurpose of this study was to investigate the mediator role of emotional schemas between parental bonding and marital intimacy. The research method was correlation and statistical population consisted ofarried people who lived in Yazd in 2019. Inclusion criteria was being married, being literate, living at least two years in a house with their partner, and that their parents hadn’t died before they turned 16. 426 individuals (227 female and 199 male) participated in the study. The me-thod of sampling was available via inter-net and paper questionnaires. Participants completed measures of Parental Bonding Inventory (PBI), Marital Intimacy Scale (MIS), and Leahy Emotional Schemas Scale. The collected data were analyzed using inferential statistics such as correlation and path analysis. The results showed that a number of emotional schemas mediated the relationship bet-ween parental bonding and marital intim-acy. Thus, given the role of emotional schemas for emotional experience and the use of emotion coping strategies, it can be said that these schemas play a mediating role in the relationship between parental bonding and marital intimacy by influen-cing individuals' perceptions of emotion (such as believing in uncontrollable and uniqueness of emotions to people) as well as using different strategies (such as worry, blaming others, rumination, and avoiding the situation) to cope with emo-tions.

The aim of this study was to compare emotional schemas, early maladaptive schemas and resilience in divorced couples and living couples. The purpose of this study was descriptive-causal-comparative. The statistical population included divorced and living couples in Qom, of which 100 divorced couples (50 men and 50 women) referred to the Shahid Qudusi Court in Qom and 100 couples (50 men and 50 women). Live samples were selected by available sampling method. Leahy emotional schema questionnaire, Yang maladaptive schema questionnaire and Connor and Davidson resilience questionnaire were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed by analysis of covariance. The results showed that there was a significant difference at the level of α = 0.05 between the research variables (emotional schemas, primary maladaptive schemas and couple resilience) in the two groups of couples divorcing and living (0.000 = sig). Thus, the mean scores of emotional schemas and the scores of early maladaptive schemas are significantly higher for divorced couples, but the mean scores of resilience are significantly lower than for normal couples. Therefore, according to the obtained results, there is a difference between emotional schemas, initial maladaptive schemas and fertility in divorced couples and living couples that need to be studied and considered before marriage.