جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « : Analysis » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

When empires and great nations decline, there are many interrelated reasons involved in. Empires are considered to be powerful entities in the world, and via historical surveys, one can identify several important empires that have existed in different eras. Geopolitical knowledge and its constituent concepts (power, politics, and space) are closely associated with empires and can be explored from this perspective. The aim of this research is to conduct a geopolitical investigation of the collapse of empires. The research deal with the geopolitical factors contributing to the collapse of empires such as Persia, Rome, Byzantium, Ottoman, Britain, Russia, Spain, and Arab countries, using a descriptive-analytical method and field research. The statistical population consists of 50 specialists and experts in the field of geopolitical studies. The Dimtel method has been utilized to test the conceptual model of the research. The findings demonstrate that variables such as the incompetence and capriciousness of rulers, the collapse of the domestic economy, the extravagance and corruption of the governing class, oppression and slavery, and internal rebellions have a high level of interaction and a strong systemic connection with other variables. In other words, when a country faces these challenges in terms of its leadership and governance, it becomes unable to effectively address other problems caused by these factors, leading to a crisis and the eventual collapse of the empire.

Urban settlements are facing complex issues due to physical expansion and population growth. In fact, with the expansion of cities and increasing problems of urban life, people's expectations from officials to create welfare opportunities have increased, and for this reason, it is necessary to build a smart city.

is descriptive-analytical, and a questionnaire was used to collect information. The statistical population of the research is the citizens of the city of Bojnourd. In this research, 7 main indicators and 74 sub-indices related to the intelligent society are studied. T-test and confirmatory factor analysis have been used for data analysis.

The results showed that the index of social and ethnic multiplicity obtained the highest average score of 3.87 and is in a better position than other indicators. The competency level index with an average score of 3.55 is in second place. The public life participation index is also in the third place with an average score of 2.97. According to the results, the indicators of flexibility, urbanism, interest in learning over time and creativity are ranked fourth to seventh, respectively. The results of ranking and explaining the importance of indicators showed that, from the perspective of experts, the global urbanism index (F) with a coefficient of 0.218 is more important than other indicators in achieving an intelligent society.

The indicators of social and ethnic pluralism (C) and participation in public life (G) are in the second and third ranks.The results of two-dimensional analysis in the city of Bojnourd showed that the two indicators of creativity and the world of urbanism are of great importance and are not in a good position for the local people. Therefore, in the city of Bojnourd, in order to develop an intelligent society in the first steps, the situation of these two indicators must be improved.

Since the mid-1960s and following the implementation of three development programs and the economic transformations that have taken place in the country and led to the concentration of investments in Tehran, the issue of redistribution of growth and wealth production across different regions of the country and control of the population increase in Tehran has been raised. Until today, the topic of strategic spatial planning and its optimal utilization has been discussed at various time intervals. Sometimes, actions have been taken under the title of strategic spatial planning or other related terms. However, for different reasons, attention to the concept of strategic spatial planning within planning system and development management of the country has not been addressed. Also, the economic planning system has never allowed serious expression of the existence and serious presentation of a strategic spatial planning approach.In fact, despite about half a century since the emergence of the need for strategic spatial planning which required depopulation of Tehran and balanced distribution of population and activities across the country and maximum and balanced utilization of the diverse capabilities of various regions and areas of the country, why this issue is still not settled? are the chosen strategic spatial planning approach correct and consistent with the requirements of the Iranian territory? Or there is a failure to properly integrate economic development policies with strategic spatial planning policies? During the implementation phase, are the programs deviated, and in reality, are the existing problems related to execution and implementers, or are they related to the programs and approaches themselves? Or have the unexpected events such as the eight-year imposed war and other factors like prolonged drought, regional and international political changes, and sanctions played a role? What role has the country’s political management system and administrative system played in this regard? To what extent have public culture and subcultures contributed to this situation? How can Strategic spatial planning effectively contribute to optimal and equitable utilization of the land and the well-being of all members of the Islamic Republic of Iran under the umbrella of the Islamic-Iranian model of progress?

The present research is applied and considers the importance of the strategic spatial planning approach in the progress of the country and aims to identify the effective factors in the non-implementation of this approach in the planning and management system of Iran. It also provides necessary strategies that can serve as useful guidance for planners and decision-makers. In terms of method and nature, this research is descriptive-analytic, and the data collection method is based on library sources.

Why strategic spatial planning has not become a discourse? In this regard, we can refer to two general categories of factors including general factors: public indifference to long-term issues and focus on short-term concerns, lack of a stable strategic planning system, lack of foresight and future-oriented thinking,  conflict between long-term Strategic spatial planning and short-term management, neglect of justice in the management and planning system and specific factors: theoretical ambiguity (lack of clarity in the approach), temporal gap, lack of clear and enforceable laws and regulations, absence of a strong educational and research foundation, conceptual dispersion and varying interpretations among experts (managers, academics, specialists), failure to transform into a public demand, lack of representation of peripheral regions in the central management circle, absence of an effective and continuous monitoring and oversight system with a focus on balanced development.

Based on the findings, the following strategies are proposed to change the current situation and transform the concept of strategic spatial planning into a discourse: discourse Formation at the elite level (including executive, academic, and specialized elites), promoting and reflecting the Islamic-Iranian model as an operational translator of the progress paradigm and a fundamental document for strategic spatial planning, ensuring justice in the fabric of the country’s management and planning system, establishment of a National Institution for Progress focusing on stability, foresight, and efficiency in the country’s management system, encouraging participation at all levels of planning and implementation, unified Planning and strategic spatial planning System: designing and implementing an efficient system for national planning and management, Effective Monitoring and Continuous Observation: establishing a national institution with legal authority and necessary resources for guiding and directing strategic spatial planning, designing and implementing an efficient monitoring and continuous observation system for the country’s spatial organization.

Geotourism is one of the branches of sustainable tourism that focuses on geological features and natural landscapes of a region. Tourism has various forms and types that are related to geography and tourism. The purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the potentials of geomorphosites and geomorphological destinations in West Azarbaijan province using dynamic models and national parks. For this purpose, the geotourist areas of Band, Marmisho and Rajan are identified and the geomorphosite potentials are identified. The geomorphological purposes of those areas were evaluated. In this research, Violet's model has been used And for this purpose, we examine the geotourist areas of Bandh, Rajan, and Marmisho based on four criteria: origin of formation, geographical distribution, tourism, and access status. The results obtained from Fiolet's model showed that the geotourist area of ​​Band village with a score of (8.25) from the total of effective items has various capabilities and compared to the other two areas, it has a high score in terms of development and attraction of tourists. Also, these areas were evaluated with a dynamic model. During this survey, the results showed that the geotourist area of ​​Bandh has a higher score among geotourism values ​​and indicators than other areas. Being an indicator in the destination with a score of (4.8) has the highest value. Based on this, by using the geotourism potentials in the studied area, the results were obtained that Urmia dam area will be very useful for attracting tourists and developing tourism. Therefore, it can be concluded that by identifying and creating facilities in the geotourist areas of Bandh region, we will attract tourists and develop welfare infrastructure. Therefore, it is suggested to provide a fresh and new attitude towards geosites in these areas in future studies in this area.

Smart tourism is a new applied term that describes the increasing dependence of tourism destinations, industries and different forms of tourists on new forms of information and communication technology that transform massive amounts of data into valuable propositions. Despite the growing importance of smart tourism, as one of the most basic sources of income for societies, not so many studies (especially inside the country) have been conducted in this regard. Therefore, the purpose of this research was document analysis of authentic domestic articles about smart tourism in an analytical way. The current research is descriptive-analytical and its method is analysis. The statistical population of this research includes all scientific-research articles that have been published in scientific-research publications approved by the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology in the country, and due to the small number of them (12 cases), the full enumeration method was used. The results of the analysis show that from 2016 to now (2021) there are only 12 scientific research articles in the country, which indicates the lack of attention to research on smart tourism in Iran. Also, the results show that in terms of geographical distribution, Isfahan city is in the first place and the field of management, especially Market management, has played the most important role in the field of smart tourism in Iran. Also the superiority of the combined method over positivism or positivism is quite evident. Another finding of the research is that the method of collecting most the printed articles was documentary and combined (questionnaire and interview). Also the data analysis in most of the articles has been using the typical T-Tech test, structural equation model and composite model, and regarding the widely used software in the field of domestic smart tourism articles, we can mention SPSS software along with Smart PLS.

Environmental risks are divided into two main groups: social risks and technological risks. Social risks originate directly from people's daily lives, and technological risks are risks that originate from human activities on the planet and inappropriate use of technology. The purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the impact of environmental hazards in the development of geotourism in Ardabil province in Hir city. In the current research, the field, descriptive and analytical method has been used, and with the help of two statistical communities related to tourism, the domestic tourists who entered the city of Hir and the active officials of the region in the geotourism industry, the environmental hazards affecting the development of geotourism have been investigated. The results of the research showed that the probability of health and environmental risk from the point of view of travelers with a total score of 3.52 has the highest score among the threats to the development of geotourism in Hir region, which leads to the lack of attraction of tourism and ultimately the development of geotourism. has been in the region. Also, according to the authorities, the possibility of structural and functional risk with a total score of 3.24 has the most impact on the development of tourism in the studied area. Therefore, based on the results, it can be concluded that health and environmental infrastructure, as well as structure and function, should be developed in order to lead to the increasing progress of the geotourism industry in the coming years with welfare, economic, health, infrastructural and legal development. Based on the results, it is suggested to investigate the effects of natural factors in the development of geotourism in Hir city in future studies.

Livability is a new concept in the sustainable development paradigm that provids the basis to achieve sustainability. The purpose of this study is to analysis the environmental livability of rural settlements in Somehsara County. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical methodology.The statistical population of the research is 22790 households in the villages of Somehsara County. To achieve the goal, library resources and field studies were used based on the distribution of questionnaires and interviews with 377 heads of households living in sample villages (20 villages selected by stratified random sampling). To analysis environmental livability, four indices of pollution (environmental quality), green space, rural landscape and resilience (19 items) were examined. One-sample T-test analyses were used to prove the significance and generalizability of the research results, regression analysis was used to determine the impact of environmental indices on the livability of rural settlements and path analysis was used to determine the impact of indicators on livability. Using a single sample t-test, it was found that the average environmental dimension is lower than the expected one. The results of regression analysis indicate the high explanation power of the environmental dimension in relation to the changes in the livability of rural settlements in the County of Somehsara. The results of path analysis showed that the amount of direct and indirect effects of the four indices of environmental dimension on livability was equal to 1.628. Rural landscape index has the highest direct and indirect impact on livability (0.732) followed by resilience, green space and pollution indices on livability, respectively.

Occurrence of natural hazards such as Earthquakes due to the Environmental and Geographical conditions of the country has always led to serious financial losses and widespread human losses, and in order to reduce its effects, attention has been paid to the resilience approach.

The aim of this research is to analyze the Economic, Social and Cultural resilience of rural settlements in the central Disteict of Ardabil Township against Earthquakes.

The present study, with regard to the nature of the issue and the subject of the study, is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of the study is 36 villages with more than 20 households and most of the central part of Ardabil city. Based on Cochran's method, 365 heads were determined and distributed and completed to the number of rural households in a simple random manner. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 30 specialists and experts. The total reliability was estimated 0.9 by Cornbrash’s alpha.

Studied Areas: 

The village has more than 20 families in the Central District of Ardabil Township.

The findings indicate that, the social dimension is in a better position than the economic dimension. Also, the economic resilience measure showed that the indicator "income amount to compensate for damages" with a value of 3.90 has the highest and the indicator "satisfaction with personal income" with a value of 2.24 has the lowest average. Social and cultural resilience showed that the indicators of "the degree of solidarity between people in the event of an earthquake", "the level of satisfaction with access to a doctor" with the highest 17.17 and 15.70, respectively, and the indicators of "satisfaction with "Housing insurance" and "Hope for the future in case of an earthquake" with -22.25 and -14.21, respectively, have a lower than the desired test average.

Findings showed that the resilience of economic indicators of the studied villages against earthquakes is lower than the average level and there is a significant difference between the villages.

Urban settlements are facing complex issues due to physical expansion and population growth. In fact, with the expansion of cities and increasing problems of urban life, people's expectations from officials to create welfare opportunities have increased, and for this reason, it is necessary to build a smart city.

The main purpose of this research is to identify the key components in the development of Bojnourd city with a smart city approach.

is descriptive-analytical, and a questionnaire was used to collect information. The statistical population of the research is the citizens of the city of Bojnourd. In this research, 7 main indicators and 74             sub-indices related to the intelligent society are studied. T-test and confirmatory factor analysis have been used for data analysis.

Studied Areas: 

The geographical scope of the research is Bojnourd, one of the most important cities of North Khorasan province and also the capital of the province, like many cities in Iran, has a great difference with the standards and indicators of the smart society.

The results of the t-test showed that 62% of the total 74 indicators studied are below the normal and average levels. 10% of smart society indicators from citizens' point of view are at average level and 28% are at above normal and average level. Based on confirmatory factor analysis, 28 influential and key sub-indices were identified in Bojnourd smart city development.

The comparative analysis of the explanatory variance by seven factors in this research shows that the factors of participation in public life, social and ethnic pluralism, and morality, respectively, have the highest variance in explaining the factors of the development of the smart city of Bojnourd.

Planning municipal solid waste is a complex and multifaceted process that requires the serious determination of the responsible agencies and the cooperation of other sectors that are directly and indirectly involved in this matter. Astara is one of the northernmost cities in Iran and the westernmost city of Gilan province, and with its unique environmental characteristics.

In this research, using the descriptive-analytical method, while analyzing the current situation of Astara city waste management, using SWOT analytical model, the weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats of waste management in the city The Delphi questionnaire is used;The statistical population includes 30 waste specialists and experts, Managers and executives of waste Agency Which are randomly selected. The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire in Cronbach's alpha statistical method was estimated to be 0.75.

Geographical area of research:

 The includes the city of Astara in Gilan province, which according to 2016 population and housing census had a population of 51579 .

potential capacities that can be exploited to deal with threats. In examining the opportunities and threats of waste management, considering that the sum of weighted points is equal to 1.92 And its value is less than 2.5, so the existing opportunities in the waste management of Astara city have not been used effectively.

The results of the study show that the five stages of waste management in the city of Astara face many structural problems And weaknesses outweigh strengths And the opportunities against threats have not been properly utilized.

One of the problems that has always threatened the lives of human societies for many centuries is the occurrence of disasters and accidents that, if unknowingly and unprepared, cause irreparable damage to various aspects of human life, including social, economic and residential areas. Imports environmental, psychological and .... Dealing with risks is one of the main challenges for most countries. Not only does it cause their deaths and emotional suffering, but it also damages the local economy and thwarts development gains. Occurrence of natural disasters such as earthquakes in geographical areas, especially in rural areas, has devastating effects.. The present study, with regard to the nature of the issue and the subject under study, is applied in terms of descriptive-analytical purpose and its purpose is to analyze economic and social resilience. And the culture of rural settlements in the central part of Ardabil city is against earthquakes. 36 villages with more than 20 households and more were selected as a sample and based on Cochran's method, 365 heads were determined and distributed and completed to the number of rural households in a simple random manner. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 30 specialists and experts. The total reliability was estimated 0.9 by Cronbach's alpha. Findings showed that the resilience of economic indicators of the studied villages against earthquakes is lower than the average level and there is a significant difference between the villages. The results showed that among the economic, social and cultural dimensions of rural areas, the social and cultural dimension plays a greater role and effect on the resilience of rural settlements.

Quality of life is a multifaceted concept that reflects the general social, economic and environmental characteristics of regions and areas and in rural areas represents the conditions that show the level of enjoyment, enjoyment, welfare and individual or social welfare.The purpose of this article is to geographically explain the quality of life in the villages of Bandar Anzali city by considering three variables: the number of village population, the distance of villages from the city center and the distance of villages from Bandar Anzali free trade zone.The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical and the statistical population of all 26 villages of the city, except for one village, 25 other villages based on census results (documentary studies) and data obtained from field studies (observation, checklist, interview and completion). Questionnaires) have been reviewed. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics (frequency table, graph and mean) as well as inferential statistics (Pearson correlation test).Based on the research findings and reviewing 14 indicators, it was concluded that there is a relationship between research variables and the issue of rural quality of life. According to the results of Pearson correlation test, the relationship between the distance from the free zone and quality of life is -0.55 (average inverse relationship), between the distance from the city center and quality of life, - 0.43 (average inverse relationship) The variable of distance from the city center and quality of life is 0.56 (average direct relationship).

Walking the roads as part of urban spaces creates an area for the occurrence of social,political, memory creation and collective emotional expression.the present study seeks to answer the question that,on foot of the central portion of the Rasht city,what extent has been successful in achieving economic,social and physical-environmental indicators and the purpose of this research is to identify the most important indices of urban smart growth in pedestrian design.the method of research is descriptive and analytic with the use of interview technique and questionnaire.effective indicators in the best of land use in 4 physical,environmental,comfort and comfort and activities were extracted and evaluated and each of these indices rated relative marks on the basis of their role and importance.the results of this thesis in terms of physical indices showed that the width of the path is ranked seventh with a score of 3/55 on the first and proper design of the body body with a score of 2/11.In the environmental sector,the score of 2/71 has the best condition.the index of noise pollution index is ranked first with a score of 3/41.Ease of access and security indicators are ranked second and third with scores of 3/47 and 3/45,respectively.the results of the studies on the indicators of use and activities indicate that the index of diversity of users with a score of 3/68 is higher than other indices.also,indicators of the possibility of loading and unloading of trade units and sign indices are ranked second and third with scores of 2/83 and 2/72 respectively.

Today, cities are facing extensive challenges due to overgrowth and overcrowding due to population growth and rapid urbanization. Issues such as urban poverty, informal housing, growth, and declining quality of life can be seen. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the relationship between smart city and sustainable urban development in the 22nd metropolitan area of Tehran. The research method is descriptive-analytical and using field data (questionnaire). Statistical sample In order to collect field data in this study, the statistical sample consisted of a total statistical sample size of 300 people. Its analysis was performed using Pearson analysis and correlation and regression analysis of components. Accordingly, the results of Pearson correlation analysis of smart city with urban sustainability have a significant correlation relationship at a significance level of less than 0.01. Its correlation coefficient is 0.555, which shows that there is a direct relationship between smart city and urban sustainability. According to regression analysis, all components of the smart city are suitable for predicting and achieving sustainability and explains 50% of urban sustainability. And is 0.875. Among these factors, intelligent citizenship is the most effective in achieving sustainable urban development and the most important factor in explaining sustainability According to regression analysis, all components of the smart city are suitable for predicting and achieving sustainability and explains 50% of urban sustainability. And is 0.875. Among these factors, intelligent citizenship is the most effective in achieving sustainable urban development and the most important factor in explaining sustainability .

The concept of livability is one of the new and emerging concepts in the literature of geography and rural planning that focuses on the ability of place. Currently, the poor living conditions in the rural areas of our country have caused the villages to face many challenges in the economic, social and environmental fields. Consequently, it is necessary to pay attention to the viability of rural settlements. The statistical population of this research is the villages of Sowme Sara county. The aim of this study is to analyze the economic viability of rural settlements in Sowme Sara county by descriptive-analytical method. To achieve this goal, library resources and field studies based on the distribution of questionnaires and interviews with 377 heads of households living in sample villages (20 villages selected by stratified random sampling method) have been used. In order to assess economic viability, five components of employment and income, household expenditure, agricultural status, land and housing value, and tourism status were identified. In this study, one sample t-test analysis, multiple regression and path analysis were used in SPSS software. The results showed that the economic viability is lower than the expected average. Also, the amount of livability is directly affected by the employment and income index (0.422) and tourism index (0.269).

Analysis of Urban Sprawl of Sirjan and future growth using Remote Sensing DataExtended AbstractIntroductionLike a living creature, a city develops because of various factors such as population growth and the expanding scope of human activities. As a result, the city's physical range also increases in different vertical and horizontal directions. Cities can't accommodate the increased population; thus, a part of the population is driven around the city searching for better living spaces. In this case, rural districts near the city are the most likely to attract this kind of population. It then becomes a question of what must be done. That is, what is the solution? Studying urban development and determining its causes and factors may be helpful. In the province of Kerman, there is an important and more significant city named Sirjan, which is characterized by relatively flat terrain, and the slope is from northeast to southwest, and therefore general directions for building the body and textures of the city are northwest-southeast and northwest-southwest. A fragmented development has come about due to the city combining several villages nearby as it expanded and developed. This research seeks to answer the following question: how has Sirjan become more urbanized over the last few decades? What will Sirjan's future look like in the next 30 years? This study aims to examine Sirjan's urban sprawl during 20 years from 1990 to 2020. The sprawl directions and rates will also be examined to understand the city's urban growth balance better.MethodologyThe types of applied research and the methods used to conduct it are descriptive-inferential and analytical-combined. According to the proposed hypotheses, the current study aims to assess historical physical development and forecast future physical growth till 2050, and how the surrounding villages of Sirjan city will change. The method has been deductive and inductive in using theoretical foundations, models, and methods, and generalizing results and suggestions, respectively. Because of the interaction of human and economic issues, the research took a systemic-structural approach. The Landsat satellite photos from the period (1985-2020), with a 5-year interval, were initially employed in this study to meet the research aims and to answer the research questions. The photos were then corrected for atmospheric and radiometric effects, and the results were derived using a supervised classification approach of changes in Sirjan over the statistical period under consideration. The results were validated using the Kappa coefficient. The satellite photos used in the study came from the Landsat 5, 7, and 8 satellites, as well as the TM, ETM, and OLI sensors. Also, in this study, the entropy model has been used to determine the urban misery and sprawl of Sirjan.Result and Discussions The photographs associated with each statistical period have also been processed. In this part of the report, the number of land uses (constructs) has been described by geographical directions separately. To determine the area of structures in each geographic direction, first satellite images in SAGA software are cut according to the study area and then processed based on samples taken from Google Earth. ENVI is used to classify the output of this software. Then, the output from the GIS program is called, and the area of Sirjan's constructions is determined in terms of each geographical direction. The Markov chain model was used to assess changes in building in the study region during the next 30 years leading up to 2050, as well as to demonstrate which settlements in Sirjan will be integrated with the city's progress. The Markov chain model utilizes cover classes as state or chain states. According to projections, the city of Sirjan will have a total area of 90.84 square kilometers in 2050, thanks to the expansion and integration of Najaf. The above is also supported by the statistical period's entropy results in terms of eight geographical directions. According to the findings, the entropy value for the eight directions of Sirjan city buildings is 2.0258, which is lower than the standard and final value of 8, which is 2.0794, indicating the accuracy of the technique results. Secondly, the calculation value, equivalent to 2.0258 and is extremely close to the standard and final levels indicates that urban sprawl in Sirjan has been confirmed in terms of geography and intensity.ConclusionThe study of the progress of Sirjan city during the statistical period of 2020-1990 showed that the most construction was done in the east at the beginning of the period. However, toward the end of the period, the northwest had the most significant number of constructions. In the northwest direction, the percentage was more than in other directions. It is estimated that the area of this geographical direction at the beginning of the period was 0.875 square kilometers, while at the end of the period, it was 6.513 square kilometers. Since the beginning o

At the beginning of the 21st century, the world has witnessed great natural and unnatural disasters. The Great Hurricane Katrina, the Southeast Asian tsunami, the Bam earthquake, and dozens of similar incidents, large and small, repeatedly remind the world that predictions, solutions, and ways to deal with these disasters are still inadequate. And only a small number of nations in the world learn and apply the science and technology of managing and controlling such disasters. In recent years, disaster relief agencies and organizations have focused most of their work on achieving a disaster resilient community. Therefore, risk reduction programs in the crisis management organization should seek to create and strengthen the characteristics of resilient societies and in the accident management chain, the concept of resilience should be considered and promoting resilience and reducing its risks should be increasingly the agenda of planners and politicians. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of resilience erosion factors in the worn-out urban texture of Ilam city to reduce the effects of natural disasters. Accordingly, this study tries to evaluate the relationship between erosion resilience and the risk of natural disasters and to study the indicators and factors affecting physical resilience.

The present research is based on library and field studies in terms of development and has an applied purpose in terms of descriptive-analytical methodology adopted. To achieve the objectives of the research, indicators were extracted in two sections and 8 categories including material, building age, skeleton, number of floors, granulation and permeability in the physical section and slope, soil type in the erosive section. Then the model of erosion and physical resilience through the colonial competition algorithm (MST minimum cover tree) in Matlab 2016 software environment was presented. And for specialization of the studied indicators in the worn-out texture of Ilam city, the method of tracking analysis tool has been used in the network analysis process in ArcGIS software environment.

In order to investigate the effects of erosion and physical factors, resilience was performed through the tree of minimum condition according to the analysis steps and a comparison matrix of 8 * 8 was prepared and its model was presented. Based on the input of real and directional network input information in the worn-out texture of Ilam city for identifying the resilience status, different effects and patterns were presented according to the eight indicators. The output corresponding to the most optimal scenarios implemented in MATLAB 2016 environment was presented in the format. Based on the existing priorities, there are 8 indicators to study the level of worn-out texture in Ilam city to study the status of resilience. By transferring this data and information to the Arc Gis software environment, we spatialized these indicators. Also, the structure of the first scenarios was used in the local search phase and the next two structures were used in the jump phase. In each structure, after determining the locations and assigning the indicators to this physical context, the optimal paths to achieve the goal were updated through central network analysis and in the ArcGis environment for each source/destination node pair. In each scenario answer, if the path between the source/destination node pair included two scenarios, then one of these scenarios would be selected according to the indicators and constraints in the physical context. The results of this study also showed that among the spatial indices, D and H indices, i.e., building age and permeability, obtained the highest score among the analytical codes. In order to study the spatialization of the existing scenarios for the erosive and physical characteristics of the worn texture of Ilam city, first all the information of Matlab software environment was transferred to GIS environment by reading and correcting the information and finally through Tracking Analyst Tools and Make Tracking Layer tool the existing scenarios and codes were constructed. The status of construction and design of the purpose-built network structure for erosion and physical indicators was presented in such a way that at the level of 8 indicators studied in two parts, the following results were obtained: In the erosion index section, one condition was completely suitable, three conditions were suitable, 5 conditions were moderate and 1 condition was completely unsuitable. In the physical index section, there were one completely suitable condition, three suitable conditions, 5 moderate conditions and 1 completely inappropriate condition. In order to determine the current status of resilience indices in the worn-out texture of Ilam city, after classifying the indices in ArcGis software environment, the type, area and percentage of each index were extracted. According to Table 6, after determining the current status of resilience indices in the area of ​​eroded texture of Ilam city, the percentage and area of ​​each index from high resilience to low resilience were presented in four categories for each index. In the material index, the highest percentage, ie 33.61%, was in the cement block type and had a low resilience status. In the building age index, the highest percentage, ie 47.00%, was in the type over 30 years old and had a very low resilience status. In the skeleton index, the highest percentage, ie 33.57%, was in the concrete type and had a high resilience status. In the index of number of floors, the highest percentage, ie 47.11%, was in the type of one class and the resilience status was very low. In the granulation index, the highest percentage, ie 34.13%, was less than 100 meters and the resilience status was very low. In the permeability index, the highest percentage, ie 62.78%, was less than six meters and the resilience was very low. To investigate the final resilience of worn texture in Ilam city, the amount of physical resilience was shown at the level of 6 indicators, so that at this stage, after aggregation of the mentioned indicators in Arc Gis software environment, the final resilience of the building resilience was classified into very low to very high. They are categorized to plan for natural disasters to deal with any potential crises.

In the present study, after extracting the erosion and physical resilience indices in the eroded texture of Ilam city, indices in two parts and 8 categories including material type, building age, skeleton, number of floors, granulation and permeability in the physical part, slope, and soil were extracted in the erosion section. Then, the priorities in resilience levels from very high resilience to very low resilience were identified in seven categories. The results of the research are as follows: Among the spatial indices, D and H indices, i.e., building age and permeability, obtained the highest score among the analytical codes obtained from scenario writing in the content programming environment in such a way that significant parts of the worn texture of Ilam city are in the range of medium to very low resilience. Also, the central part of the city, which corresponds to the dilapidated fabric of the city, due to the lack of a standard structural system and sustainable materials and the inability of residents to create safe areas indicated low and very low resilience. This situation becomes more visible in the event of natural disasters, and the financial and human losses will be doubled. In addition, the results of spatial differences and the study of spatial resilience comparisons showed that 62% of the eroded texture of ​​Ilam city is in the range of relatively low to very low resilience. Percentage and area of ​​each part of the resilience of the worn-out texture of Ilam city were such that 5.25 had a very high resilience interval, 5.65 had a high resilience interval, 8.70 had a relatively high resilience interval, 18.33 had medium resilience interval, 17.90 had a relatively low resilience interval, 21.03 had a low resilience interval, and 21.14 had a very low resilience interval.

Problem: 

The environmental problems of the cities in the 21st century have caused instability in urban environments. Since the consequences of many human relationships with the environment and natural ecosystem have appeared nonlinearly, their cumulative effects can lead to the irreversibility of equilibrium conditions. Therefore, we must think of a solution as soon as possible to maintain survival and increase the stability and the balance of urban environments. Many different approaches have been proposed to achieve urban balance and sustainability, one of which is called ‘ecological city’.

 The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the effective factors in achieving an ecological city in the city of Dorcheh.

 The present study was an applied research based on a descriptive-analytical method and a quantitative research in terms of paradigm. The data collection was done via a documentary method by using a questionnaire. The statistical population included the citizens of Dorcheh City, who were more the 15 years old. The number of the citizens was 37367 in 2017, of whom 375 people were selected by cluster sampling. The validity of the questionnaire was formally confirmed by the urbanization experts from the perspective of urban planning and its reliability was corroborated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of more than 0.7. Finally, SPSS software was used for analyzing the data.

 The results of this study indicated that there were unity and relative homogeneity between the neighborhoods of Dorcheh City based on the ecological city indicators. Among the indicators used for Dorcheh City, environmental index provided a better situation for achieving an ecological city. There was also a significant difference between the citizens' willingness index and current status index. The citizens showed a high desire to create an ecological city.

Innovation: 

The most important innovation of this research was that it addressed the issue of the indigenous model of an ecological city and paid special attention to the role of citizen participation to realize the mentioned approach.

Education has a very important role in providing human resources, and the progress and development of a society owes to educated human resources that grow and excel in educational spaces. So, the educational space has an effective role in supporting the training of human resources and serves as a key pillar. It alsoplays a fundamental role in educating the community. Numerous factors are effective in increasing the quality of education. The more these factors work together and move in the same direction, the higher the quality of education and the higher the productivity. In the meantime, because the educational space plays an important role in the educational system and is very important in the educational development of a country, and the weight of other factors or, in some cases, higher than some factors plays a role in the educational structure, huge funds are spent for construction every year. Education spaces are costly in the country, but the costs are not optimal because the real needs for educational spaces have not been identified and construction is not done in place. These conditions exist not only in Kerman Province but also in most of the provinces of the country, and they impose irreparable damage on the country's budget. Targeting constructions in education and training, reducing costs, identifying needs, fair distribution of educational spaces in District 2 of Kerman City, predicting the need for educational space in the future, considering the characteristics and behaviors of population and migration in Kerman city, preventing the ineffectiveness of construction costs due to the limited use of educational spaces and recognizing the needs of schools all enhance the education level in the area. The importance of this plan is that it tries to identify the real needs for the construction of educational spaces and to avoid wasting resources and development credits.

The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical. To conduct the research, documentary and library information were needed, so the data were collected from the schools in District 2 of Kerman and then analyzed. The output was presented in the form of a map, chart and table. In the data analysis, after the research data were prepared and recorded on the map of Kerman City, according to the location criteria and the radius of access to the schools for different sections, the spatial distribution of the schools was studied. The output maps showed that the distribution was unbalanced.

There are 186 schools, including 89 elementary schools (first and second elementary, girls’ and boys’ and mixed schools) in District 2 of Kerman. There are also 97 secondary schools (first and second secondary and technical and vocational schools, girls', boys' and mixed). There are 186 schools in District 2. Of these schools, 68 are primary and 75 are secondary schools in Kerman. The areas outside the city of Kerman include the cities of Ekhtiarabad, Zangiabad, Baghin and the villages of Farahabad, Shahrokhabad, Kahnooj Madim, Badamouieh, Hojjatabad, Cheshmeh Gaz and Saadi. Most of the schools are located in the central area of Kerman and in newly built urban areas (Farhangian crossroad to the west of the airport). The number of schools is very low. The average per capita educational space in District 2 of Kerman is 2.83 square meters. The net per capita is 2.5 square meters, and the gross per capita is 3.17 square meters. The average net per capita of the primary schools is 1.90 square meters, which is calculated to be 1.74 square meters for boys' primary schools and 2 square meters for girls' primary schools. The average net per capita of the secondary schools is 3.15 square meters, of which boys' secondary schools are 2.48 square meters and girls' secondary schools are 3.42 square meters. The average gross per capita of the secondary schools is 4 square meters.

The situation of educational space in the schools of District 2 of Kerman was investigated in this study. According to the research process and the research data, including the existing data and the field information collected from schools in the city of Kerman and the output of the GIS Arc software, the following results were obtained: - The existing educational spaces meet the needs of the school population and will not be a serious problem in the physical space due to the decrease in the population growth at the national and local levels, which will continue in the coming years. - The problem of the physical space of schools is not due to the space dimensions but due to the unequal distribution of educational spaces in the city, which has created an unbalanced distribution. - Lack of facilities and equipment is another problem of the schools so that many schools use old and worn equipment and facilities that reduce the efficiency of the education system. Burnout is part of the educational space, as another problem of education, so that 15 schools belong to the years before 1961, 33 schools were built between in the 1961-1981 and their age is between 38 to 58 years, and 63 schools were built after 1981; they are less than 38 years old. Therefore, there is a high relative physical burnout in the schools of Kerman. - The wear and tear of laboratory equipment and workshops has a negative impact on school education. The concentration of schools in the central part of Kerman as well as the middle part of the city and the small number of schools in the newly built part of the city have created an unequal and unbalanced distribution in terms of educational space in Kerman.