جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تعامل انسان با طبیعت » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Environmentally sustainable design is widely recognized as a key strategy to reduce the negative effects of buildings on the environment and has been criticized for its focus and dependence on technological advances, as opposed to focusing on the qualitative aspects of the human dimension and the desire to connect with nature. Has encountered Biophilic design as a potential strategy can pave the way to fill this gap by shifting the focus towards human-centered approaches. Biophilic design is based on the concept of health and well-being, and its basis is to create a positive effect in increasing the relationship between man and nature for the residents of the building and the environment. Since sustainable design and biophilic design better represent environmental responses, they can lead to more sustainable results as a comprehensive approach. The research method in this study is "grounded theory" which is one of the approaches of "qualitative strategy" and is applied and developmental in terms of its purpose. According to the basic theory, three main elements: concepts, classes and categories related to research were created through data conceptualization. The data was open coding including 113 characteristics and in axial coding 10 codes of concepts and in selective coding 6 categories, which was done in the form of library documentary studies according to the opinions of scholars in the field of sustainable biophilic approach. In the MAXQDA 10 software, the data were coded and selected according to the frequency and repetition of the codes. The results showed that in the biophilic approach, the existence of dimensions of direct connection with nature in the field of natural sustainability and the nature of space and place in the field of cultural sustainability caused human interaction with nature in the artificial environment, which subsequently had optimal effects on well-being and health. It can lead to an increase in the quality of life.

Introduction Human-nature interaction can be considered at the macro or micro levels. At the micro level, individual-level analysis is performed. The most important variables in this level include attitude, belief, motivation, perception, personality traits, specific behaviors, general worldview and values. Unlike other demographic variables such as environmental attitudes and behaviors, there has been little done on environmental values. One reason is that this is a new topic in environmental research because the study of human value orientations relate to contemporary environmental concerns. Environmental attitudes and values also play an important role in determining the tendency of people to perform an action towards environmental protection. Value orientations towards the environment can be separated to anthropocentric value orientation and non-anthropocentric ones. Furthermore, value orientations can be investigated in four levels, namely anthropocentrism, biocentrism, ecocentrism and Theocentrism. Studies have shown a positive relationship between ecocentric value orientation and environmental protection behaviors. Studies indicated that anthropocentric and biocentric value orientations can be predicted normative behaviors of forest parks visitors. For example, people with anthropocentric view are more likely opposed to conservation strategies. The present study was conducted to answer the question of what are the relationships between value orientations and environmentally friendly behaviors. 2-Methodology This study was conducted by survey research. The study population was people that have been in Golstan province forests parks for recreation and leisure. Using stratified random sampling, 100 people in each forest parks and totally 300 people were selected as sample. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire. Two indicators were used to assess the environmental behaviors. One indicator for general environmentally friendly behavior and other for environmental practices in forest parks. The validity was confirmed by face validity and the reliability was assessed by calculating Cronbach's alpha. Study data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. For data analysis, statistics such as mean, frequency, percentage, Analysis of variance, correlation and T-test were used. 3-Discussion Forest parks visitors view on anthropocentric perspective are below average and may be evaluated moderately downward the mean. Ecocentric view is slightly more than the average and may be close to the maximum possible score. Therefore, it can be evaluated as good. Pearson correlation coefficients indicate that there is no significant correlation between age and value orientation towards environmental. But there is a significant positive correlation between ecocentric and Theocentric value orientations. T-test indicated that there is no significant difference between men and women and also between married and single persons in terms of value orientation towards environment. But there is a positive and significant correlation between environmentally friendly behaviors and ecocentric view. Also, no significant correlation was found between antropocentric and Thoeocentric views and environmentally friendly practices. In contrast, there is a significant positive relationship between ecocentric and Theocentric value orientations with environmentally actions referred in Forest Parks. Thus, it could be expected that people with better environmentally friendly practices also show better environmental practices in forest parks. 4-Conclusion This study showed that visitors of forest parks are stronger in the Theocentric value orientation than ecocentric and anthropocentric ones. Also, the anthropocentric is the weakest value orientation toward the environment. It should be noted that the low weight of anthropocentric value orientation among the study population is not an enough reason to have environmentally friendly behavior. Environmental behavior can be formed on any value orientation towards the environment. Nevertheless, the findings of this study showed that environmentally friendly behavior is independent of the anthropocentric value orientation. These findings confirm the importance of avoiding anthropocentric value orientation to have environmentally friendly behaviors.

Cultural norms state human-nature interaction by affecting individual and group values system. Ethical norms are the most important ones in which nature and its components become evaluated based on ethical views. There are different ethical normative views toward human-nature interaction. They have been currently categorized into three types of anthropocentric، bio centric and eco centric. Nevertheless، it seems as if these limited supposed categories need to be extended، because there are some other worldviews with regard to human-nature interaction. For example، we can refer to religious worldviews based on the traditions of religions with different evaluated views. Furthermore، there is a need to explore such normative views with respect to community culture and beliefs. Based on descriptive methodology and survey research، present research aimed to explore and indicate ethical normative of human-nature interaction. The research was done in three phases. The first and second were carried out at Shiraz University and the third was done at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Research population included B. A. university students. Multidimensional Scaling and Facet Theory were also used in exploratory and confirmatory stages respectively. Findings indicate that there are three normative views including anthropocentric، eco centric and theocentric toward human-nature ethical interaction. Furthermore، with confirming the proposed theory، a model or a scale obtained that can be used.