جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کلانشهر تهران » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

As the center of developments on local, regional, national, and global scales, and the site of influential actors, Tehran's metropolitan area has long been a stage for political power dynamics. Additionally, the presence of geopolitical drivers has further elevated its position in power relations. The central question of this research was this: What are the drivers and future scenarios of power relations in Tehran Metropolis? This was an applied research study with an exploratory nature. To answer the research question, indicators were extracted through a multi-stage interview process involving 30 elite experts and an elite panel. The Delphi method was also used to screen the propellants. The data were analyzed using the MicMac and Scenario Wizard software. The research results revealed 45 possible situations across 7 scenarios with strong and likely compatibilities. Based on the scenario table of geopolitical drivers affecting the future of power relations in Tehran Metropolis, 33.33% were in a favorable situation, 41.6% were in a semi-favorable situation, and 25% were in a static situation. The 1st and 2nd scenario boards were the most prominent in terms of position.

Public spaces of cities are among the most significant places for the formation of social interactions and the emergence of collective memories. Urban regeneration is one of the most important ways to revitalize or create new public spaces in urban contexts. This study uses comparative analysis of the public spaces created in the process of urban regeneration in Tehran and Paris. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology, that uses a comparative analysis approach. In this research, data has been collected using library resources, documentary research and field observations method. TOPSIS technique has been used for data analysis. Findings suggest that the role of physical and activity related factors in improving the quality of public spaces (with a score of 0.186), stands out among other factors associated with urban regeneration. So that public spaces generated from urban regeneration in Paris are of higher quality than public spaces in Tehran. It seems necessary to have a specific plan for Tehran in this regard.

The basis of all main themes related to a smart city includes indicators and components i.e. people, transportation, economy, life, governance and the smart environment. Therefore, in the planning of a smart city and region, attention should be paid to all of the above aspects, with an emphasis on smart infrastructure in order to solve the problems of metropolitan regions. The main goal of this research is to identify the dimensions and characteristics of smart regions and their conditions in Tehran metropolis. The method applied in this research is descriptive-analytical while emphasizing its applicability and the method of collecting information is based on documentary and library studies as well as survey technique, including the preparation and completion of a questionnaire. Based on the investigations and the existing imbalances in the spatial system of Tehran's smart region, Shemiranat, Tehran and Firuzkoh have been placed in the homogeneous zone and are ranked from first to third in terms of three economic, social-cultural and environmental indicators. The cities of Mallard, Quds, Islam Shahr, Rey, Pakdasht and Baharestan are ranked from fourth to fifth zones and are in the last category. The most important solutions and measures needed to improve the existing conditions include things such as the creation of a regional transportation agency, transportation planning to equip the new political administrative center to the airport (transformation), preparation of a systematic plan and intelligent and integrated tracking of goods and passenger transportation in the province.

The disruption of the distribution system of facilities and services in urban spaces has created the social inequality of citizens in accessing these services. Analyzing inequalities at the level of urban areas is a good starting point for understanding the unbalanced status of cities. The purpose of this study was to analyze and measure the spatial stability of environmental quality in 22 metropolitan areas of Tehran. The purpose of this study is applied and in terms of descriptive-analytical method and method of data collection is documentary. Quantitative models and VIKOR decision making, correlation coefficient, Shannon entropy and Arc Gis geographic information system were also used. The findings show that spatial sustainability indices of environmental quality are not evenly distributed and there is a significant difference between Tehran metropolitan areas in terms of sustainability indices. The results of the model show that the 21st and 18th districts of Tehran metropolitan area with environmental sustainability coefficient (0.188) and (0.177) were ranked first and second respectively. Tehran metropolitan area 10 with coefficient (0.627) ranks 20, Tehran metropolitan area 8 with coefficient (0.650) is ranked 21st and finally Tehran 13th district with environmental sustainability coefficient (0.664) is ranked 22nd. has taken. According to the results of this study, managers and planners of Tehran metropolis can reduce spatial inequalities and environmental instability by changing spatial budgeting policy and reforming and thus make the urban environment more sustainable for different citizens. Metropolis guarantee.

Housing design plays a crucial role in sustainable social development as cities face numerous challenges due to various changes in the physical landscape. Therefore, it is imperative to establish appropriate design indicators for residential towers. This study aims to investigate the design indicators for sustainable social development in residential towers in the metropolis of Tehran. The research method employed is descriptive-analytical and applied in nature. The statistical population for this study consists of architectural experts who are members of the Tehran Organization. According to the Engineering System Organization, the statistical population comprises 22,000 experts and members of the Tehran Engineering System Organization. The sample size was determined to be 384 individuals based on the Morgan table. The results of the Friedman test indicate that designing open spaces for art, culture, games, and entertainment in towers promotes interactions and a sense of belonging, while mitigating the negative effects of industrial life on residents. This aspect was found to have the highest weightage of 17.81. Additionally, the flexibility in tower design and overcoming structural constraints through solutions such as strip design and atrium design, along with facilitating proper access and installation of open spaces, contribute to sustainable development and enhance residents' satisfaction. This indicator obtained a weightage of 17.51. Furthermore, the effective management of towers and the design of suitable social spaces on roofs and ground floors (interactive, sports, cultural, and artistic) have a significant impact on reducing tower-related issues and promoting vitality and public participation. This indicator ranked third with a weightage of 17.42. Consequently, sustainable social development is closely linked to the design of residential towers.

Presently, to establish a conducive residential environment, enhance the commercial landscape, effectively manage resources, maintain cultural identity, and instill optimism among its inhabitants, Tehran metropolis necessitates an enhanced utilization of resources and the implementation of various novel solutions to address prevailing and emerging challenges. The primary objective of this study was to assess the urban innovation status of Tehran metropolis.

The current research is pragmatic in its objectives, exhibiting a mixed methodology approach and employing a descriptive-analytical survey method. Data was gathered through semi-structured interviews and questionnaires devised by the researcher. Subsequent to the coding and examination of the interviews utilizing thematic analysis, the outcomes were incorporated into a researcher-developed questionnaire for the evaluation of Tehran metropolis, with the data being scrutinized using SPSS software.

The efficient institutional framework and transparent laws, along with the financial-institutional policies of the government, the level of citizen participation, the presence of parent universities, a pool of creative and expert human resources, the existence of technological and innovative companies, access to diverse markets, well-developed urban innovation infrastructures, a unique city brand, the strategic city location, and the quality of life are all crucial factors that can be used to assess the state of the Tehran metropolis. Among these factors, the parent universities, strategic location, human resources, and city brand exhibit a more favorable condition.

The current situation of the Tehran metropolis does not appear to be very conducive in terms of urban innovation and its functionalities. Optimal conditions for the adaptation of such systems to the Tehran metropolis are also not adequately observed.

Improving the vitality of a city can not only make people satisfied with the aspects of green ecology, economic development, cultural creativity and quality of life, but also helps to promote its sustainable development. Today, however, cities have rapidly undergone spatial changes under the pressures of modernity. These developments have caused social and economic imbalances. As the largest city in the country with diverse economic, social, physical and cultural functions, Tehran is experiencing complex problems, which has led to the reduction of its vitality. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the living conditions in the neighborhoods of Tehran. The data to measure the vitality were extracted from the statistical blocks of the statistics center, land use map of the city, and satellite images. To evaluate vitality, several main components including economy, demographics, tourism, quality of life, air quality, and nightlife were used as indicators. The results of the research showed that vitality in Tehran can be summarized into four main factors. The first factor with 19% of the total variance had the highest impact, and the fourth factor with 10% of the total variance had the least impact in the vitality category. In total, by combining the four factors of vitality in Tehran, the final map of vitality was produced. The combined vitality map showed that the central and northwestern parts of the city have good conditions in terms of urban vitality, but the southern and southeastern parts of the city are in unfavorable conditions in this regard. Also, the results indicated that, as one moves away from the central part of the city, the level of vitality gradually decreases.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the futures of post -Covid -19 urban management paradigm with emphasis on urban resilience in Tehran metropolis. For this purpose, macrotrends and interactions between them were analyzed and ranked. In terms of purpose and nature, this is a developmental -applied and a descriptive -analytical research, respectively. In this study, first, reviewing the theoretical literature, and next, using the opinions of experts (n=40) through Delphi technique, the most important macrotrends were extracted. MICMAC software was used to analyze the cross effects of macrotrends and determine direct and indirect influence and effect of each macrotrend. A total of 74 macrotrends were identified in 8 general dimensions (urban economy, social, environmental and urban environment, physical and urban infrastructure, management and urban institutions, urban security, politics and rule, individual -psychological) that a total of 5402 cases of interactions between macrotrends were rated as cross effects. According to the outcome of Cross -Impact Matrix (CIM) and Matrix of Direct Influence (MDI), among the macrotrends along with resilience management of Tehran metropolis after COVID -19 pandemic, in management, social -participatory and economic foundations terms, the integrated urban management, participation of citizens and public institutions to deal with crisis, inflation rate, level of citizens' trust in urban authorities and managers, increasing investments in Tehran metropolis (domestic and foreign investments) to re -build spaces and urban infrastructure, paying attention to and increasing research and development expenditure of knowledge -based businesses, electronic -city infrastructure, accountability of urban managers for their managerial functions, slum dwelling and organizing it, housing accessibility (purchase or rent), migration (elites, physicians, specialists, etc.) had the most influence, respectively . According to the calculations, there were 15 influential, 5 planar, 6 influenced, 8 independent and 40 regulatory macrotrends. Based on the analysis on the type of macrotrends distribution and direct influence of macrotrends on each other, the resilience system of Tehran is unstable and future scenarios for resilience of Tehran metropolis should be considered based on key basic factors .

Housing planning and policy-making is one of the main concerns of urban planners due to its wide dimensions, especially for the homeless and appropriate pattern for its residents. Homelessness is a type of housing that does not meet the basic housing standards of that community. The purpose of this research is to provide a pattern for the homeless housing planning based on the pattern of right to adequate housing. The present paper is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive - analytical in terms of method and content analysis. The adequate housing pattern was provided by theoretical literature in 6 indicators (Security of tenure, availability of services, materials, facilities and infrastructure, habitability, affordability, accessible housing and cultural adequacy). An electronic questionnaire was prepared and sent to university professors, managers and experts in the field of housing and urban planning and also PhD and MSc students that were chosen by available judgmental sampling. To provide a pattern for the homeless housing planning in Tehran metropolis, confirmatory factor analysis by Amos software was implemented. The results indicate that the security of tenure index with 0.83 factor loading, availability of services, materials, facilities and infrastructure with 0.80 and affordability with 0.63 have the highest factor loading and importance in providing a pattern for housing planning, respectively. The results show that the developed factor model has a good fit with the data and there is a significant relationship between adequate housing indices in Tehran metropolis. To solve the housing problem of the homeless, it is necessary to use a housing planning pattern based on the right to adequate housing in the country's housing policies and planning in accordance with the nature of the constitution.

Since the 1970s, with the turn of industrial-production capitalism to financial capitalism under the process of globalization and in sync with neoliberal approaches, global cities have witnessed the influx of capital to accumulate and reproduce it in their spaces.This movement of capital from the production sector to space has caused the spatial structure of cities to undergo extensive changes in their spatial, physical, economic, social and environmental dimensions. The consequences of privatization and commercialization of the public spaces of cities in order to reproduce as much capital as possible and space competition and polarization of space can be considered as the result of applying such attitudes. In contrast to this prevailing thinking, urban critical theories have been formed based on the fundamental criticism of these approaches and the explanation of the root causes of problems and the consequences of these approaches on urban spaces. This research, with a fundamental approach and a descriptive, analytical method, and using documentary and library studies through qualitative analysis from the perspective of critical urban theories, explains the spatial structure of Tehran and the effects of capital rule on its spaces. And in the process of spatial data analysis, it uses a spatial model (GIS). The findings of this research show that the metropolis of Tehran, both in terms of urban development plans and urban management policies, has been significantly affected by these capital-oriented approaches. And it has faced challenges such as profit-oriented urban management, polarization of the physical and social structures of the 22 districts of the city, commodification of housing, exchange of land and real estate in the open market, change of use and privatization of space.

During the last few decades, the number of population and activity in the suburbs of Tehran has grown rapidly and as a result, the buffer zone of the capital city has faced major challenges. Changing the land use, especially natural covers, gardens and agricultural lands in favor of authorized and unauthorized constructions, is the manifestation of these challenges. Factors such as the growing population of Tehran, the extensive needs for land and the inability to respond to these needs as well as the weakness of urban space management have doubled the scope of the negative changes that have occurred. Although different solutions have already been presented to manage the capital's hinterland, they have not been able to match the existing institutional-organizational and spatial structures. Now, the question is, in order to overcome the problems in the capital city, what characteristics should the ideal model have? To answer this question, a qualitative method based on content analysis of documents and interviews with trustees and experts was used. The results show that the appropriate and effective model of hinterland management requires the following: the participation of all management levels from the national to the local, maximizing the role of various departments and organizations involved in hinterland issues, the participation of non-governmental sectors, the provision of a continuous monitoring mechanism of hinterland according to policies, regulations and various programs. If the inadequacies in thehinterland management mechanisms continue, it won't be long before some valuable biological and natural spaces around Tehran metropolis and its surrounding cities will be lost.

A sense of belonging makes one rebuild and renovate the home and the local environment. Index of Spatial Belonging of Citizens in Districts 1, 12 and 20 of Tehran Metropolis. Using a survey method and a questionnaire, the opinions of 384 citizens were classified according to Cochran's formula by sampling method and the results showed that the quality of realization and having a spatial affiliation component in the three study areas is different based on multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). Also, the analysis of planning priority to realize the feeling of spatial belonging in the three mentioned areas based on the fuzzy TOPSIS model shows that the index of feeling of spatial belonging in region 20 is the lowest and in general it can be said that the quality of realization The sense of spatial belonging according to the weights obtained in District 20 as a representative of lower urban areas is less than 12 and 1 as a representative of medium and prosperous urban areas, and only in District 1 of Tehran this sense of belonging is appropriate and desirable. the people of districts 12 and 20, as residents of the middle and lower classes of Tehran, do not have this feeling of satisfaction and sense of belonging. Therefore, the national media content planning strategy of the media should be in line with the strategic plan of promoting urban resilience in Tehran and regulating the sense of spatial belonging of the citizens of 12th and 20th districts of Tehran.

The relationship and interaction between the power structure and the government resulting from it, as a component of social organization with the process of spatial organization of metropolises and urban complexes, especially in recent years, has become one of the central issues and questions in the theorizing and researching of the program. The planning and management of the urban complex has changed without diminishing the importance of other aspects. The connection between the spatial structure and the social structure is influenced by the social-historical periods of the societies. In centralized bureaucratic societies without civil society and the lack of formalized and obvious groups and the government's lack of need for economic groups, these powerful groups gain access to other scarce resources through influence in the government decision-making apparatus. In industrialized societies, it is these social classes that have more access to scarce resources because the government needs these classes, especially the capitalist and middle class of experts.

According to its nature, purpose and subject area, this research has a descriptive-analytical research method and the approach that governs the research space is practical. The collection of information in the theoretical part and findings has been done with reference to the library method, and for the relevant information and statistics, the information and yearbooks available in the Iranian Statistics Center have been used. This research has been carried out on the scale of Tehran metropolis because the capital of any country is usually the place where economic, political and cultural mechanisms gather and crystallize. In this research, the government's oil revenues are considered as one of the most influential factors in the accumulation of power and wealth in the metropolitan area of Tehran, and subsequently, the excessive concentration of government institutions and organizations in the metropolis of Tehran and the breakdown in the political management of space as factors. Influencers in the political management of space will be analyzed.

From the point of view of the political management of the space, what is the most cause for concern and thought is the lack of integration, or in other words, the discontinuity of policy-choice and functional discontinuity. Integration in the political management of space is related to the management of interactive issues in policy-making, which is beyond the boundaries of the usual and conventional policy areas and does not conform to the responsibility of individual departments and ministries. According to Mulford and Ruger, policy coordination is defined as a process by which two or more organizations create new decision-making procedures or use existing decision-making rules to collectively deal with the task environment. O joint benefit. In general, policy integration requires greater interaction, accessibility, and adaptability, which leads to greater interdependence and requires more formal organizational arrangements, and requires the presence of more resources and delegation of authority and independence of action from the stakeholders.

In fact, it can be said that the policies of the government in the past few decades have caused a strong dependence of metropolitan management on government policies. On the one hand, this type of dependence has prevented the complete independence of the urban management complex from the government, and on the other hand, the multiplicity of government organizations, which itself is a result of the increase in government oil revenues, has led to the creation of many organizations with parallel functions in the metropolis of Tehran. The situation has finally created a political-spatial discontinuity in the metropolis of Tehran. Therefore, the formation of a centralized and simple government in the contemporary era, along with rich oil revenues, has caused the government to have all the political and administrative power and decision-making authority in all local, regional and national affairs, according to the goals and desires of the country. He can design and implement in any way he wants. So that the creation, liquidation, annexation and delegation of powers of all the units of the country's divisions are at the disposal of the central government. This case has emerged especially in the metropolitan area of Tehran, which is the place of gathering and concentration of the most important political-economic institutions of the country, and has made the political management of the space in the metropolis of Tehran face the problem of spatial-functional discontinuity. Examining the change of administrative and spatial territories of Tehran metropolis between 1966-2011 clearly shows that simultaneously with the expansion of the country's oil revenues, the number of administrative and spatial territories in Tehran metropolis has also increased and we have witnessed a very significant growth in this field.

Urban growth, especially in the unfavorable form of scattered urban development, has been condemned due to its negative effects on the environment, human health, and social and economic issues. For example, agricultural land, forests, pastures, and open spaces have been significantly reduced. Ecosystems and animal habitats have been disrupted with an alarming tone, and the quality of air and water, followed by human health and quality of life, have decreased. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the environmental effects of urban land use changes in Tehran metropolis.

Idrisi Selva, ARC GIS 10.4, and Google Earth software were applied, and the CA-Markov model was exerted to predict the city's future expansion.

The results of data analysis show that the change of natural land use to built land use has been expanding so that these lands have increased from 9% in 1974 to 54% in 2019, and according to the forecast in 2032, built-up land reaches 62% of the total area, which shows the severity of the environmental crisis, also barren land use with 71% and vegetation cover with 28% had the largest decrease towards built-up land use. 

The most significant percentage of changes are in the useful lands of Tehran city (water lands and vegetation lands), and other lands with slower negative growth than these two land uses are witnessing change, which shows the severity of environmental crises in the future.

Innovation: 

From the most important innovative and practical aspects, it can be said that this study evaluates demographic changes, urban development, and environmental assessments, which can distinguish the results of this study from other studies conducted in this field.

The evidence shows that Tehran as the capital and the most populous city of Iran is exposed to consequences of climate changes but proper measures are not taken to deal with such consequences. Considering the increasing threats and consequences of the climate changes, adaptation is among the most important issues in urban management. This study firstly identified the barriers to climate change adaptation in Tehran metropolis urban management and then assessed the impact of the barriers. A mixed method was applied in this study for data gathering and analysis. Focus group discussion (FGD) was used to identify the barriers. Then the identified barriers were assessed quantitatively by rapid impact assessment matrix and qualitatively by assessing the impacts of the themes to specify their impact and the way each barrier affects the climate change adaptation. The FGDs were held by participation of 59 experts and resulted in nine main themes and 31 sub-themes. The main themes were: structure and culture of research, awareness, education and knowledge, social factors, resources and its management, laws and regulations, communications and interactions, economic factors, institutional and administrative factors, and planning. The rapid impact assessment matrix showed that the impact of planning, laws and regulations, structure and culture of research barriers are bigger than other barriers. The qualitative assessment showed that the impacts of most of the barriers are regional, long-term, irreversible, permanent and certain. Among the sub-themes, the biggest impact belonged to lack of a higher institute or center for research and policy development on climate change adaptation which had the score -72. The average score of the impacts of the barriers was calculated to be -32.32. This score is placed in the -C region and means that the average impact of the barriers is negative. Findings of this study may help the decision makers and policy makers of urban management to have better understanding of the barriers to climate change adaptation, to better cope with, and to overcome them.

Among the different areas of Tehran, the distinctive and colorful role of several thriving and high-income areas in the north with high volume of construction and sales, the role of price drivers as the first hypothesis of the present study and factors affecting the level of demand and supply. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. In this research, using spatial statistics technique in Arc GIS environment, the subject was analyzed and studied. To extract the data used in this section from the statistics and information of the Statistics Center of the country and studies of detailed plans of regions (urban land use) as well as reports of the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, General Directorate of Economic Statistics (2006-2017), economic and social situation report. The results of the study of construction activities in urban areas of Tehran and the results of statistics on the cost and income of urban households and the authors' calculations and its conversion into cross-sectional data have been used. According to the results of Moran test, the existence of spatial effects on the difference in housing prices in the 22 districts of Tehran metropolis with three factors of distance, degree of concentration and topographic factor is confirmed at a high level of significance. According to the results of the spatial autocorrelation coefficient, the price fluctuation shock in one area has spread to other areas of Tehran metropolis. In other words, in spatial autocorrelation coefficient, among 521556 residential land use units in the neighborhoods and areas of Tehran metropolis, its price fluctuation and amplitude is strongly a function of the topography and stereotype of Balashahr-Paeinshahr in the popular literature of urban economics. So that among the 374 neighborhoods surveyed in the 22 regions of regions 1, 3, 2, 6, 5 and 4, the highest housing prices and regions 12, 15, 18, 11 and 16 have the lowest range of fluctuations and the lowest housing prices in the decade. Experimented 85-95.

Urban prosperity is a holistic and comprehensive approach that describes success, health, progress and well - being, and by promoting economic, social, political and environmental quality, it provides the necessary ground for cities to be livability. The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate the indicators of urban prosperity and its effects on viability in 22 areas of Tehran. This research is applied in terms of purpose and is based on descriptive - analytic nature. The statistical population of this research is the metropolis of Tehran with a population of 8679936 people, the sample size was estimated 385 people based on Cochran's formula, which was increased to 391 people to achieve better results. In order to analyze the issue, a framework of 5 indicators of urban prosperity in the form of 50 items and 3 indicators of viability in the form of 25 items were compiled and selected based on the studies of other researchers. The results of multivariate regression showed that the infrastructure development index has the greatest impact on livability and explains 0.809 of the total variance. The results of the research findings based on codas technique show that in 22 metropolitan areas of Tehran, only one area was in very good condition in terms of urban prosperity indicators, six areas at good levels, nine areas at medium level, and six areas at They were in poor condition.The results show; In order to improve the areas that are at a low level, as well as to maintain and improve the conditions in the areas that are in good condition, it is necessary to pay attention to the development of infrastructure, productivity, quality of life, and….

Acting and power levels have reached lower levels from the national level, and many people have gained a lot of power in the space of cities, and by having power-creating resources, they are acting on the scales (local, national, regional, and global) and the power relations in the space. Cities make an impact. The metropolis of Tehran is governed by 25 governmental and non-governmental organizations, each of which has its own rules and regulations. Each of these actors has different identities and existences with the sources of power they have. Therefore, the present research has used the descriptive-analytical method. The results of the research show that among the local actors (tower builders, town builders and owners of commercial arcades; owners of factories, industries and large commercial and insurance companies; governorate; governorate; municipality and city council) as geopolitical actors of the metropolis of Tehran at the local level, they are powerful who have the power to influence power relations in Tehran metropolis. Among the national actors, (the government and its subordinate ministries; MPs, banks and financial institutions; the judiciary; political parties, military and security forces, and the Broadcasting Organization) are among the geopolitical actors at the national level in the metropolis of Tehran. Among the transnational actors (embassies) are geopolitical actors. Based on a large number of actors, one actor alone cannot manage the metropolis of Tehran, but the management of the metropolis of Tehran is based on the relationships formed between the actors in the city space.

Urban development projects as a powerful and innovative political process is a result of the global neoliberalism project, which matures under unequal geographical development by covering up real social relations. This project infiltrates opposing but mutually beneficial groups, none of which are willing to withdraw from their interests. The purpose of this article is to make clear how rent appropriation continues through changes in urban development policies and projects in the last three decades in Tehran metropolis. The methodology of this article is based on the philosophy of critical realism and with a rethinking approach, it pays attention to the power and its consequences in urban planning and the class nature of urban development projects. The findings showed that there is a structural relationship between "urban development projects" and polarization in Tehran metropolis. Urban development projects, as a new way of producing the artificial environment, give priority to special economic interests compatible with the rent accumulation strategy and to a large extent ignore the interests and priorities of powerless social groups, including the urban poor and low-income classes. In addition, the urban development projects implemented in Tehran metropolis create a high level of rent gap, rent and land price increase, which lead to gentrification with a speculative and rent-seeking character.

As one of the basic human needs, housing has a significant impact on the health and quality of life of people. As one of the main foundations of a comprehensive plan, the quality of housing has a special place in urban planning and biophilic architecture, which is one of the most important urban approaches in the field of housing. The purpose of this research is to identify the indicators of improving the quality of conventional urban housing with an emphasis on biophilic architecture and evaluate them in district one of Tehran. The research method is descriptive-analytical and data collection is done in two documentary and field methods. Using content analysis, the research indicators were collected and then evaluated by questionnaire and Delphi method (10 people). After confirming the indicators, Tehran's first district was evaluated by 150 people in terms of these indicators. Analyzes were done in SPSS software and using Friedman's test. The result of the Delphi research showed that 45 indicators are effective for improving the quality of housing based on biophilic architecture and these indicators were categorized into 5 general components. Also, the satisfaction indicators of conventional housing were categorized into two categories of internal and external factors (20 indicators). The result of Friedman's test at the level of less than 0.05 confirmed that there is a significant difference between the indicators of the quality of conventional housing in the first district of Tehran. Road condition index of the coverage and width of roads with an average of 30.88 and then historical preservation and urban restoration with an average of 29.17 have a better condition than other indicators. Pearson's correlation also indicates the existence of a significant relationship and influence at a level of less than 0.01 between the components of conventional urban housing quality in architecture.