جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Construction » در نشریات گروه « محیط زیست »

Rapid urbanization has increased construction and demolition waste (CDW), exacerbating issues around CDW collection, transportation, and disposal in cities lacking efficient management programs. This study applies life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental performance of current CDW management in Tehran and identify critical aspects for improvement. Using Impact 2002+, LCA was conducted for the base case (19.4% recycling), and two alternative scenarios combining landfilling, source separation, sorting, and varying percentages of CDW recycling. The life cycle inventory used primary data from field studies and secondary data from ecoinvent 3.7 and literature. Results demonstrate recycling benefits through avoided impacts from non-renewable energy, global warming, non-carcinogens, and respiratory inorganics and organics versus landfilling. Hence, findings can motivate improved CDW management based on environmental and technical factors, not just economic and political ones. Producers may be compelled to reduce waste sources, while recyclers and stakeholders are encouraged to continuously enhance C&D waste systems across Iran. Additionally, this study provides data to support other LCAs on CDW. Overall, applying LCA reveals critical ways to advance CDW management in Tehran toward a more sustainable system.

Selecting a suitable site for construction and demolition waste management facilities, is one of the critical decision-making issues, which requires a comprehensive evaluation. The high amount of construction and demolition waste produced compared to the total production of waste makes it absolutely necessary to determine suitable sites for landfilling this type of waste. The objective of this study is to present the methodology to select a suitable site for this kind of waste.

There are three steps in evaluating the sites in this research. In the first step, after determining the effective factors and determining their weight by the Eigenvector Method and hierarchically, the studied areas were evaluated with 28 criteria in a fuzzy method by geographic information system (GIS). In the second step, the suggested areas by GIS, by 7 other criteria were rated by the use of FVIKOR and the score of each area was found. In the third step Final rating of sites were done by two criteria (the achieved scores of GIS and the achieved scores of the FVIKOR method).Findings The final weight of evaluation criteria by GIS and FVIKOR methods was 0.86 and 0.14, respectively, and 21 places were ranked in three steps.

The approach used in this study is using (GIS) and fuzzy logic, considering the weight and relative importance of each criterion and use a suitable method for rating that increases accuracy and reliability of assessment.

Investigating the relationship between macroeconomic variables and variables of waste generation is of great importance in urban management planning with a waste disposal reduction approach. Therefore, in this study, using linear regression method and using data from 56 months (March 2014 to October 2018) related to five independent economic variables and four dependent variables of waste generation in Tehran, four models were developed. In this study, the statistical relationship between independent economic variables and dependent variables of waste generation at the level of 90% confidence has also been investigated. The results showed that 74% of the changes in the tonnage of construction and demolition waste using the economic variable of the price index of goods and consumer services and 69% of the changes of the tonnage of recycable waste separated at the source by the two economic variables of the price index of goods and services and US dollar price announced by Central bank can be described. On the other hand, by using the variable price of the Euro currency announced by the Central Bank, 35.6% of the changes in the tonnage of sweeping & green waste in Tehran can be predicted. It is worth noting that only 21.4% of the changes in the tonnage of municipal mixed waste can be described by the economic variable of the US dollar price in the market.

In this study, relevant data of independent economic variables and dependent waste generation variables during 56 months were analyzed. The five independent economic variables considered in this study were as follow: 1.consumer price index (X1), 2. US Dollar currency price announced by central bank of Iran (CBI) (X2), 3. Euro currency price, announced by CBI (X3), 4. US Dollar currency open market price (X4) and 5. Euro currency price, open market price (X5). Also, four dependent waste generation variables of Tehran included in this study were: amounts of mixed MSW transported to transfer stations (Y1), sweeping & green waste (Y2), and source separated recyclable waste (Y3) and construction and demolition waste tonnage (Y4) collected from Tehran. Then, Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check the normality of data distribution received from Tehran waste management organization (TWMO). According to the results of similar studies in the field of the prediction of MSW generation regarding to different variables impacts, the backward removal method and the following equation used to develop a multiple linear regression model:Yi=β0+β1X1+β2X2+β3X3+β4X4+β5X5+ϵWhere Yi is the dependent variable, β0 is the intercept, X1 to X7 are independent variables, β1 to β7 are regression parameter and ϵ is residuals. On the other hand, by examining the dependent variables data over time using R software, it was determined that the data may also have a significant relationship with time. So the modified model is presented as follows:Yi=β0+β1X1+β2X2+β3X3+β4X4+β5X5+β6T1+β7T2+ϵWhere T1 is auxiliary variable of time and T2 is square of T1.

Regard to the outputs of R and SPSS software, it was found that the data of dependent variables considered in this study follow the normal distribution. Then, using the backward elimination method in multiple linear regression, the developed model for each of the dependent variables was presented as follows:MAE MARE RMSE R2 Adjusted Developed models Dependentvariables156.5 0.023 259.2 0.214 Y1=641.560-2.883 × 10-18 X 44 + 11.473 T1 Y151.3 0.056 85.5 0.356 Y2=-743.398 + 0.093X3 -1.35× e-6 X34 Y236.3 0.033 56.5 0.69 Y3 =1647.268 – 0.0004X1X2 + 32.554T1 Y30.058 0.0053 0.084 0.74 Ln(Y4) = 7.181 + 0.060X1 + 0.00015X12 – 0.001T2 Ln(Y4).

In this study, linear regression method and 56 months data (April 2014 to November 2016) related to five independent economic variables 1- Price Consumer Price Index 2- US dollar price announced by the Central Bank 3- US dollar price in the market 4- Euro currency price announced by the Central Bank and 5- Euro currency price in the market and four dependent variables of waste production 1- Tonnage of mixed urban waste 2- Tonnage of sweeping & green waste 3- Tonnage of recycable waste separated at souce and 4- Tonnage of construction and demolition waste in Tehran were used to fit four new models. Based on the results, 74% of the changes in the tonnage of construction and demolition waste in Tehran can be described using the economic variable of Consumer Price Index. The low values of error criteria in this regard indicate the high power of this model in predicting changes in the dependent variable of tonnage of construction and demolition waste in Tehran using the values of the independent economic variable Consumer Price Index. 69% of the changes in the production tonnage of recycable waste separated at source can also be described by the economic variables of Consumer Price Index and the price of the US dollar announced by the Central Bank. Also, using the Euro currency price variable announced by the Central Bank, 35.6% of the changes in the tonnage of sweeping & green waste production in Tehran can be predicted. However, only 21.4% of the changes in the tonnage of municipal mixed waste production can be described by the economic variable of the US dollar price in the market.Also, at the 90% confidence level, the two response variables of municipal mixed waste tonnage transported to intermediate transfer stations (Y1) and recycable waste tonnage separated at source (Y3) have shown a statistically significant relationship with time (T1). On the other hand, the response variable of sweeping & green waste tonnage in Tehran entering Aradkooh disposal site (Y2) have shown a statistically significant relationship with the independent variable price of Euro announced by the Central Bank (X3) .also the response variable of construction and demolition waste tonnage (LnY4) have shown a statistically significant relationship with time variable T2 and independent economic variable of Consumer Price Index (X1) at the 90% confidence level.

Nowadays, location surveys are very common in industrial development for all power plants. In these studies, different criteria are taken into account to select the best place to build a power plant. In the present research, in the first stage, a variety of power plants and their mode of operation were investigated. Then, in the next step, the effective parameters in the activity of the power plant, its location and its performance were determined and divided into three categories of environmental, technical, socio-economic and environmental constraints. In general, all criteria and sub-criteria were expressed in relation to the location of different types of power plants (heater, gas, combined cycle, nuclear, hydroelectric, pumped storage, waves, tidal, wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, diesel and magneto-hydrodynamics). Finally, by specifying such criteria as: energy source of power plants, usability and availability of resources, costs, desirable or unfavorable effects on the human environment, and power generation capabilities, a summary of the characteristics of a power plant was identified.

noise pollution is one of the main factors affecting the quality of human life that can affect human emotions and behavior and lead to violent behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the feeling of listening noise and feelings of behavioral violence among citizens living in places) construction site (with high noise pollution. the statistical population of this study consists of residential buildings around the auxiliary tunnel project of metro line 3 of Tehran city-Abbas-Abad neighborhood up to a radius of 50 meters.‏ By making a researcher made Questionnaire, By developing researcher-made questionnaires‏ the rate of the feeling of violence with residents was measured.for this purpose, Pearson correlation and linear Regression methods were used. The occurrence of violent behaviors can be highly related to noise pollution‏. The correlation coefficient of the model (0.760) was calculated, Which represents the ability of the model to predict the purpose of the study. therefore, taking actions to control and reduce noise pollution and negative consequences in urban spaces in particular in the residential context, is essential for the desired future and in the direction of sustainable development.

Population growth, urban development, and increased human activities will bring various outcomes, including the production and accumulation of waste, followed by environmental pollution. In developing countries, construction waste accounts for a large proportion of municipal waste, which in addition to the high cost of disposal, also has adverse effects on the environment. Because construction debris takes up a lot of space due to its bulk, disposing of it in landfills reduces the useful life of these areas and it is necessary to find a new place to bury construction debris.

Searching for a new landfill is a complex and time consuming process and requires a capable and efficient system, as using GIS and combining different layers of information and considering environmental, social and economic criteria, the most suitable landfill can be found. Located a building. In the present study, 16 criteria (slope, land use, residential, commercial and industrial centers, villages, roads (including 3 layers of highways, main roads and side roads), water (including 6 layers of wells, springs, aqueducts, Rivers, dams and waterways), antiquities, airport runways and mines) are involved in the location process, so that privacy and distance maps are prepared first ,then, in order to achieve more reliability, scoring the classes or parameter intervals was done in three ways. Criteria were weighted using Expert Choice software and hierarchical analysis (AHP).

The results of the three types of scoring to multi-criteria analysis showed that there were significant differences in the results of different methods of scoring.

The results of combining 16 parameters involved in site selection in software Arc GIS9.3 showed that the appropriate zones for construction and demolition wastes buried in Hamadan, often are located in a 90-degree slice.

In Karaj, the large volume of wastes was produced due to the high level of construction activities such as demolition of old buildings and the construction of new buildings. In this regard, it is necessary to have management system with environmental protection perspective for the construction and demolition wastes (CDW). Therefore, the main purpose of this research was study of the amount and composition of CDW in Karaj municipality zones (10 zones) in 2017 with the financial support of Karaj municipality. In the first step, a little amount of CDW was investigated by Karaj waste management organization's statistics. The results showed that the Karaj construction sector produces 5973 tons (2186410 tons/year) of CDW every day, which is around 3% of the total amount of the country generated CDW. Also, the share of per capita CDW production is 1220 kg/year for each person per year and the maximum CDW generation rate was in the November and December and the minimum one was in March and April. In the second step, the composition of CDW was determined using field observations of the disposal sites and landfills. The average composition of CDW showed that up to 80% of the wastes are composed of the soil operation (soil, sand, stone and …) asphalt and concrete parts, building materials (such as brick, block, plaster, pottery, mosaic, etc.)

Construction and demolition waste management is one the controversial issues in building industry. The “hidden water” and the “hidden energy” of building material are from among the most important issues in designerly approach to energy efficiency under the high-performance architecture theory. The aim of the research is to outline the concept of design for disassembly in order to minimize construction and demolition waste (C&DW) and facilitate appropriate disposal.

Descriptive-analytical method has been adopted in which description of the theoretical concepts has merged with an analytical approach to the expert opinions.

Studies have shown that the successful cases in the framework of design for disassembly were deliberately designed with dismantling prediction from the early stage of the design process. Integrated approach toward the life cycle is the key factor in eco-friendly design and construction which is based on recycling, creative reuse, repurposing and upcycling strategies as a part of “green aesthetics”.

The concept of design for disassembly rots from flexibility in architectural design process and is an influential procedure for C&DW. The life cycle assessment (LCA) is a comprehensive methodology to address gains of the concept of design for disassembly. Moreover it has showed a meaningful relationship between design for disassembly and the environmental impacts which might be addressed as designerly approach to energy efficiency.

The purpose of this study is finding the suitable place for disposing construction and demolition wastes in Gorgan city, by Analytic Network Process (ANP) based on ecological, economic and social properties. Ecological criteria included distance from running waters, soil, slope, underground water level, elevation, vegetation density and bedrock. Other criteria included distance from airport, built-up areas, roads and protected areas. The Fuzzy-ANP approach was used in the process within the Idrisi GIS environment. Weighting of the criteria was completed using Super Decisions software and the weighted factors were combined in Idrisi software. The weighted linear combination was used to overlay factors and boolean layers that resulted in the land suitability for disposal of building debris. Using zonal land suitability, five top ranking areas for this purpose were selected that were located in the north east of the area with around 63, 60, 57, 57 and 56 hectares in size, respectively.

Disasters have caused 1. 2 million fatalities and 1. 7 trillion damages (USD) in the world during 2000-2012. Depending on the nature and severity، disasters can generate large volumes of debris and waste. Values of between 30 and 113 t/household can be used to estimate the amount of debris of a damaged house and building. The waste can overwhelm existing solid waste management facilities and also impact on other emergency response and recovery activities. Thus، management of construction and demolition (C&D) wastes is one of the most important action should be done. Disaster waste management actions include three major phases as follow: 1) Emergency phase، 2) preliminary recovery phase، and 3) final recovery phase. In this article، technical options of disaster waste management have been studied such as: estimation methods of C&D waste amounts، planning and management need in emergency، temporary storage in transfer stations، disposal، reuse and recycling of the wastes، prioritization of actions. Studies show that many types of C&D waste، such as bricks، blocks، concrete، asphalt، plasterboard، tiles، and iron sheets، can be recycled or reused for different application including: landfill waste cover، concrete aggregate، building and road base material، production of cement، soil drainage improvement، ingredient/additive in the production of fertilizer and compost

Construction and demolition wastes make considerable part of the municipal solid wastes. Construction industry uses large amounts of the natural resources and produces massive quantities of construction and demolition wastes. Thus construction and demolition wastes management is one of the prime concerns especially in developing countries. Construction and demolition wastes management requires knowledge of ways of collection, recycling, and disposal of construction and demolition wastes. This study was conducted to evaluate collection system, recycling, and disposal of construction and demolition wastes of the city of Kerman in 1387. This work has been a cross-sectional research study. This study was conducted to evaluate the status of construction and demolition wastes in the city of Kerman. Initially, the required issues and matters were classified based on the research goals. Relevant foreign research papers and experiences of countries in the area of management and recycling of this type of wastes were reviewed. Then, a comprehensive questionnaire was designed and compiled. In Kerman 2400 tons construction and demolition wastes are generated daily, that is, 0.005kg/capital-day. The sources of the construction and demolition wastes in Kerman are construction of residential, commercial, industrial buildings, excavation, demolition and reconstruction of old buildings, parks, squares and curb forming which show a remarkable increase during last six years. Of 2400 tons construction and demolition wastes 120 tons (5%) are recycled and the rest are disposed. The predominant recycled construction and demolition wastes are scrap iron (3%), soil (2%), brick (1%), wood (0.5%) and asphalt (0.5%). At the present time collection, transportation, and disposal of the wastes are accomplished by public and private section by the means of 300 auto trips each day. Conventional method of the construction and demolition waste disposal in Kerman is stored in places which is safe environmentally, hygienically, and recreationally.The implementation of a successful recycling plan demands thorough information regarding quality and quantity of wastes as well as recycling site. Trade market conditions of construction and demolition wastes are also prime importance. Establishment of a systematic method for collection, transportation and recycling of construction and demolition wastes would be a productive step in the direction of advancement and development goal of the city of Kerman. Present research results are conformed to obtained results in Thailand in the cases of the generation rate and management of construction and demolition wastes recycling, recycling of construction and demolition waste via a mechanical sorting process in Taiwan and generation and management of construction and demolition waste in Greece.

Leachate treatment as a major environmental problem has rarely been studied in Iran. To avoid using the conventional treatment methods and technologies currently employed in other countries, a bench scale study was conducted to achieve a practically applicable meanwhile cost effective leachate treatment method in an in-situ Condition. The objective of in-situ leachate treatment is to provide appropriate conditions within the landfill structure to allow the required chemical, physical and biological reactions to occur, resulting in reduction in organic loading of the leachate. The proposed method which was based on using construction and demolition wastes as the anaerobic growth medium at the bottom of the landfill, demonstrated acceptable results in reducing the organic loading of leachate sampled from Kahrizak landfill site. The method is therefore recommended as a cost effective leachate treatment system applicable to several landfills in Iran, provided the site specific tests are carried out. The results of the experiments where mixed construction and demolition wastes generated in Tehran were employed indicated about 80% reduction of organic loading in terms of total organic carbon and chemical oxygen demand. Among other advantages of the proposed system is the fact that the leachate volume is subject to a severe reduction, due to evaporation, So there is no need for effluent discharge to the environment.