جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) » در نشریات گروه « زراعت »

Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) as one of the most important agronomic crops has a special status in our country. Reducing the yield gap is one of the ways for raising the production. In this direction, the production rate and the wheat yield gap in Golestan province were analyzed by using the simulation model SSM – Wheat and GIS software. For this purpose, the managerial information of wheat farming and cultivation were collected based at the provincial level and with regards to the information of 25 weather station and the region soil information, the potential yield was simulated in the irrigated and rainfed conditions at the provincial level and then the potential yield zoning was performed in the GIS and then with regards to the farmer's production rate and real yield at the provincial level, the yield gap and the production one were also calculated in the irrigated and rainfed conditions. Results indicated that the yield average of irrigated and rainfed potential with regards to the figures and current agricultural methods are respectively 8/140 and 4/930 kilograms per hectare. Also, the potential production in the irrigated and rainfed conditions were concluded as and equal to 1/357 and 1/112 million tons (Total: 2/469 million tons). Results showed that in case of studying and removing the factors which may cause the yield gap in the said province, the wheat production can be increased from the current 926 thousand tons to 1/975 million tons.

In recent years the development and intensification of agricultural activities and attempts to achieve more profitability, causes rapid deterioration in the structure and functional properties of agroecosystems and a lot of damage to ecosystems has arrived. Therefore, today’s agroecosystems health and management researches are increasingly considered. Considering the important role of Golestan province in production of oilseeds as canola and reducing the acreage of these crops in recent years, the need to investigation the status of these fields is necessary. This study was aimed to assess Canola-grown fields health in Gorgan township, Golestan province, Iran
Material and This study area was agricultural lands of Gorgan township. The present study was conducted using 58 fields in spring 2015. During maturity stage the weed species were sampled and detected using a W method. Then the crop yield of each quadrate was taken and in parallel, management data were recorded by questionnaire. In the first step, geographic information system (GIS) was applied to produce distribution maps of weeds in the studied region. Specific formula of Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson’s index of diversity and reverse Simpson index were used as weeds biodiversity assessment indices. After mapping and classifying of all layers, the three indices of biodiversity, crop yield and pesticide were interpolated in GIS. The fields with higher yield (>2 ton/ha), lower weed biodiversity indices and pesticides application than mean values of studied region, were considered as healthy fields.
The biodiversity indices range of Shannon-Wiener, Simpson’s and reverse Simpson were calculated as 0.9-2.2, 0.11-0.46 and 2.1-4.9, respectively. Our results revealed that just 3 percentage of surveyed fields were located in healthy condition. In this study, in 43 percent of surveyed farms, pesticides were higher than the average. And most of these farms were in east, north and west of studied area. The results of the yield map showed that 39 percent of farms have had above-average performance. Most of these farms were located within the east of studied area.
The standard amount in applied pesticides, the seeds with high quality, suitable cropping management and spraying equipment were the main reasons for the health of fields. But, existing the strong seed bank in fields can be causes low ability for seed germination, undesirable preparations in farms and higher consumption of pesticide than average of were identified as mean reasons of unhealthy in many canola fields of Gorgan.

In order to agroecological evaluation for dryland wheat cultivation, geographical information system (GIS) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) were applied to agricultural land of Aq-Qalla township in Golestan provinc. For this purpose, environmental layers of the study area collected, and required thematic maps such as slope, elevation, precipitation, average, minimum and maximum temperatures and some of micro and macro elements were provided. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was applied to determine the weight of environmental variables. Then the digital environmental layers overlaid and integrated in GIS media and final layer fitted to agroecological requirements of crop. The zoning of lands carried out in 4 classes for dryland wheat cultivation. The results showed that 13.7% and 25.8% of this area were high suitable and suitable for wheat cropping, respectively. These zones had enough rainfall (>400 mm), and high fertility. These suitable area were located in south of township. Also, the semi-suitable and non-suitable regions were located in the central to north of Aq-Qalla township. In this areas, the limitation factors for wheat cropping were include: lack of precipitation, some in desirable soil variables such as high pH and salinity, no-suitable texture classes, high potassium and calcium contents, low phosphate, iron, organic matter and also, high slope.

Optimal use of lands heavily relies on careful assessment of agro-ecological resources. The present study was aimed to zoning of suitable areas for of soybean cropping in Qaresoo basin of Golestan province by Geographical Information System (GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). In this study، environmental components included: minimum، average، maximum temperatures، precipitation، slope، aspect، elevation and EC. At first، ecological requirements of soybean were identified from scientific resources and used to determine suitable areas cropping. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to determine the weight of criteria. Finally، the maps were integrated and overlaid in GIS media and afterward the zoning of soybean was done. The results indicated that about 28071 hectares (45%) of the agricultural areas and 17. 2% of the total area of the Qaresoo basin had a high fitness for soybean cultivation. Available water recourses، lower slopes and south aspects، suitable temperature and also the desirable Electrical Conductivity were the reasons make these regions suitable for this zone. About 5537 hectares (9%) of the agricultural areas and 3. 4% of the total area of the Qaresoo basin were evaluated less as suitable for cultivation of soybean due to high salinity level.

In order to agroecological zoning of current agricultural lands in Golestan province for canola cultivation, Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) were used to match the environmental requirements of crop and the land characteristics. The first, agroecological requirements of canola was identify from scientific resources then classified and needed thematic maps were provided. The classification of layers carried out by simple limitation approach. The digital environmental layers overlaid and integration in GIS media then zoning of lands was done in 4 classes of high suitable until non-suitable. The results showed that 21.31 and 35.04% of the area were high suitable and suitable for canola crop, respectively. These zones had enough rainfall (400-500 mm) and high fertility. The less suitable and non-suitable regions are located in the north and northeast parts of Golestan province. In these areas, the limitation factors were including: high EC, low precipitation, deficient nutrition elements and low water resources.