جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Micro dilution broth » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Today, the use of herbal compounds to control and treat poisoning and infections bacterial has been considered. Ficus religiosa is a perennial plant that belongs to the Moraceae family. This study aimed to evaluate of the functional groups of bioactive compounds and antibacterial activity of Ficus religiosa aqueous extract on number of pathogenic bacteria “in vitro”.

The extraction of Ficus religiosa leaf with maceration method was done for 48 hours. Using Kirby-Bauer and well agar methods, the inhibition zone diameter (IZD) bacterial growth was measured by aqueous extract of Ficus religiosa leaves. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) were determined using the micro-dilution broth (in 96-well) and pour plate method, respectively. The functional groups of bioactive compounds of Ficus religiosa aqueous extract was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

Staphylococcus epidermidis with a IZD of 13.1 and 16.3 mm in Kirby-Bauer and well diffusion agar methods had the highest susceptibility to Ficus religiosa leaf extract. The MIC was for Salmonella typhimurium, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Listeria innocua 128, 64, 32 and 32 respectively. The MBC of Ficus religiosa aqueous extract was for Salmonella typhimurium, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Listeria innocua >512, 512, 128 and 256 respectively. The main peaks of Ficus religiosa aqueous extract factor groups were observed in wave numbers of 3395.9, 2976.55, 2929.4, 1568.96, 1423.13, 1311.24, 1168.22, 1068.3, 861.75, 833.14, 771.85, 665.61 and 616.14 cm-1 .

The Ficus religiosa aqueous extract had antimicrobial activity on Salmonella typhimurium, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Listeria innocua. Therefore, the use of Ficus religiosa aqueous extract could be suggested in pharmaceutical industry.

In this study, the effect of Myrtus extracts on 25 methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli ESBL strains isolated from patients were compared by two methods.

15 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 10 Escherichia coli ESBL isolates were used in this study. Fresh Leaves of Myrtus were collected from the herbal medicine farm. Extraction was performed using a reflux distillation. The effect of concentrations 0.195-100 micrograms per ml of Myrtus extract on clinical isolates was analyzed in disk diffusion method compared with micro broth dilution method and with MTT in 545 nm on an ELISA reader apparatus.
Findings: Inhibition zone diameter for the minimum effective concentration of 50 micrograms per milliliter in all isolates of ESBL and MRSA were as 8±1 mm and 11±1. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was 6.25mic/ml and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was determined 12.5mic/ml for E. coli ESBL. Furthermore, the amounts for MIC and MBC was determined as 12.5 and 25 mic/ml, respectively for Staphylococcus aureus.

The results of this study showed compliance of two methods in evaluation of drug-resistant clinical isolates. It was proved that the disk diffusion method could be determining range of effective concentration but micro broth method determines the effective concentration carefully. It is recommended that results obtained from disk diffusion not to be basis for final decisions in traditional medicine studies. Bacterial behavior in the broth and determination of the point of death greatly increases the accuracy of the results.

Candidal vulvovaginitis occurs in female genital by the over growth of candida especially candida albicans. This infection may be resistant to therapy and occasionally becomes chronic. In some patients, this form of infection is recurrent. Moreover, discovering new antifungal drugs and the use of these drugs in new methods encourage mycologists to use these techniques. Therefore, according to the above methods, this research investigated effects of several common antifungal drugs with the use of combination methods against candida species isolated from chronic candidal vulvovaginitis. This study carried out on 19 strains of candida albicans that were isolated from recurrent vulvovaginitis. The effects of clotrimazole, miconazole, fluconazole were assessed separately and in combination with amphotericin B on candida albicans using micro dilution methods. The mean Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of clotrimazole, miconazole, fluconazole, and amphotericin B were 7.05, 10.7,47, and 0.6 µgr/ml, respectively after 48 hours incubating. Then, the azole antifungal drugs were evaluated in combination with amphotericin B. The two combinations of fluconazole + amphotericin and miconazole + amphotericin with the Fungicidal Inhibitory Concentrations (FIC) of 0.6 and 1, respectively, attracted the most attentions. In addition, comparing the antifungal effects, the most effective drug was amphotericin B with the Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of 1.18. In this study, amphotericin B with the least MIC had the best antifungal effect. The most and the least synergic effects of combination therapy were for fluconazole + amphotericin B and Miconazole + amphotericin B, respectively.