جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Pro » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Leishmaniasis is a worldwide disease prevalent in tropical and sub- tropical countries in the world. Characterization of inflammatory responses produced in cutaneous leishmaniasis has not yet been completed.
The specific primers were designed for ten pro-inflammatory genes including CCL4, CCL3, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-12P35, IL-12P40, CCL5, CCR5, IL-1β and IFN- γ and their expression were assessed and compared using RT-PCR in the lesion and peripheral blood neutrophils in Leishmania infected BALB/c mice.
None of the pro-inflammatory genes was expressed in the healthy tissue and except IFN-γ others were down-regulated by the parasite in the lesion in untreated mice. In mice treated with anti-Leishmanial drugs, the expression of the pro-inflammatory genes restarted. The figure of pro-inflammatory gene expression in neutrophils was different was from the lesions in treated and untreated mice.
Leishmania is capable to suppress the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in the lesions but not in neutrophils. The expression of TNF-α in the lesions and down-regulation of IL-1β in neutrophils could be accounted as an indication for healing of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The results open a new window on characterization of Leishmania lesions and clarifying the role of neutrophils in Leishmania infections.

Yu-Ping-Feng-San (YPFS) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine that is widely used for treatment of the diseases in respiratory systems, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) recognized as chronic inflammatory disease. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here we detected the factors involved in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)/Smad2 signaling pathway and inflammatory cytokines, to clarify whether YPFS could attenuate inflammatory response dependent on TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling in COPD rats or cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-treated human bronchial epithelial (Beas-2B) cells.
The COPD rat model was established by exposure to cigarette smoke and intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide, YPFS was administered to the animals. The efficacy of YPFS was evaluated by comparing the severity of pulmonary pathological damage, pro-inflammation cytokines, collagen related genes and the activation of TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling pathway. Furthermore, CSE-treated cells were employed to confirm whether the effect of YPFS was dependent on the TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling via knockdown Smad2 (Si-RNA), or pretreatment with the inhibitor of TGF-β1.
Administration of YPFS effectively alleviated injury of lung, suppressed releasing of pro-inflammatory cytokines and collagen deposition in COPD animals (P YPFS accomplished anti-inflammatory effects mainly by suppressing phosphorylation of Smad2, TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling pathway was required for YPFS-mediated anti-inflammation in COPD rats or CSE-treated Beas-2B cells.

Background. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP) has emerged as an important biomarker for developing the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases, as several studies have shown that serum levels of NT-proBNP elevate in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and coronary artery disease (CAD).We performed this study to find any possible correlation between serum levels of NT-proBNP and Gensini score in patients diagnosed withACS.
Patients and In a cross-sectional study, 100 consecutive patients with ACS who were candidates of angiography were recruited and their serum levels of NT-proBNP,Gensini scores, lipid profiles and troponin I levels were measured.
Sixty six male and 34 female patients with a mean age of 57.5 years,including 44 with unstable angina, 33 with ST-elevation myocardial infarction, and 23 with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarctionwere enrolled. The mean serum NT-proBNP level and the Gensini score were1987.16 pg/mL (17.9-8841) and 31.09 (6-92.5), respectively. The serum NT-proBNP levels and Gensini scores were significantly correlated with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.953 (P NT-proBNP is directly correlated with Gensini score in patients with ACS and might be used as an important marker for risk stratification in those patients.

Backgrounds and Aims: P53 gene is regarded important in pathogenesis of different cancers. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the frequency of p53 gene codon 72 Arg/Pro polymorphism in women suffering from breast cancer.
A total of 90 patients with breast cancer and 83 matched healthy control women participated in this case-control study. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood circulation, and codon 72 polymorphism of the p53 gene was examined using the amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) method with 4 different primers contemporaneously.
A significant difference was observed between patients and controls (p˂0.05) in regard with allele frequency of the p53 gene codon 72 Arg/Pro. The distribution of genotypes frequencies was also proved to be significantly different between the cases and controls (p˂0.05).
The results of the present study revealed that Pro/Pro homozygous and its Pro/Arg heterozygous genotypes of p53 gene codon 72 constitute breast cancer in our community. However, the complex instinct of the breast cancer and polymorphisms needs to be further studied in regard with different polymorphisms along p53 and various genes in this population in order to clarify the role of codon 72 in susceptibility of the breast cancer.

N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a sensitive biomarker for the detection of asymptomatic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Since β-thalassemia major patients suffer from early diastolic dysfunction due to iron deposition of chronic blood transfusion, we tried to evaluate the correlation between the serum NT-proBNP level and the severity of LV diastolic dysfunction determined by echocardiography in these patients.
Fifty β-thalassemia major patients with normal LV systolic function were studied by tissue Doppler echocardiography, and blood samples were taken at the same time to measure the serum NT-proBNP level. Using flow velocity through the mitral valve on the tissue velocity of the mitral annulus in early ventricular filling (E/E') as an LV diastolic function indicator, the patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1) no diastolic dysfunction (E/E' 15). Other variables assessed included sex, age, method of chelator therapy, and mean hemoglobin and ferritin levels for the past 2 years.
According to the echocardiographic findings of all the 50 patients (29 male and 21 female) with an age range of 11-35 years (mean = 17.98 y), 46% were classified in group 1, 54% in group 2, and none in group 3. The NT-proBNP level was 1070 ± 566 ng/mL in group 1 and 974 ± 515 ng/mL in group 2. The t-test showed no significant difference between groups 1 and 2 in the NT-proBNP level (p value = 0.536).
Due to specific conditions in thalassemia major patients, the correlation between the serum NT-proBNP level and the severity of diastolic dysfunction seems to be not meaningful.

This study aimed to compare the effect of using Casein phosphopeptide – amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) paste, Remin-Pro and Fluoride Varnish on remineralization of enamel lesions. In this experimental-in vitro study, 60 intact premolars and molars were used and flat enamel surfaces were prepared. The specimens were divided into 6 groups (N=10). After primary DIAGNOdent value measurement and a four-day immersion in demineralizing solution, the DIAGNOdent value were measured. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were treated by Fluoride varnish, CPP-ACP and Remin-Pro respectively, according to the manufacturer instruction and their DIAGNOdent value was read. Groups 4, 5, and 6 were treated by Fluoride varnish, CPP-ACP and Remin-Pro for 1 month (8 hours a day), respectively, and their DIAGNOdent value was measured. Then the specimens of these three groups were demineralized and pH cycled and their DIAGNOdent values were recorded. The data were analyzed by One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and repeated measures ANOVA. After a one-month treatment, the DIAGNOdent value significantly decreased in groups 4, 5, and 6 in comparison to the manufacturer instruction (p<0.001). ANOVA test indicated that decrease mean value of DIAGNOdent value was significantly higher for Remin-Pro and CPP-ACP groups than Fluoride varnish group, from entrance time to the study to re-demineralization stage (p<0.001). All the three materials showed a statistically significant amount of remineralization after repeated application but the CPP-ACP and Remin pro were more resistant to redemineralization and pH cycling.

Spirituality in one of the most important influencing factor on humans’ health. Specifically in Islam, there is special emphasize about effect of spirituality on humans’ physical and psychological health. One of the very new construct in spirituality is spiritual capital. Current research was carried out with the aim of construction spiritual capital scale and concurrent validation of it with spiritual wel-lbeing in an Iranian population. Statistical population was the employees of two work complex in Esfahan city, among them, 277 people were selected by stratified random sampling.‌ Research instruments was researcher made spiritual capital scale and spiritual well being questionnaire (Gomez & Fisher, 2012). Data were analyzed by use of exploratory factor analysis, and computation of reliability coefficient and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results revealed that spiritual capital scale with twenty four items have five factor structure, named hope and reliance to God (10 items), spiritual valuation (5 items), spiritual influence (4 items), spiritual theology (2 items) and pro-God activity (3 items). Cronbachs’ alpha for five components, which is hope and reliance to God, spiritual valuation, spiritual influence, spiritual theology and pro-God activity was 0.91, 0.85, 0.76, 0.74 and 0.75 respectively. results revealed that there is positive significant relationship between spiritual capital components with personal spiritual well being, environmental spiritual well being and transcendental spiritual well being.

Global Health 2035, the report of The Lancet Commission on Investing in Health, laid out a bold, highly ambitious framework for making rapid progress in improving global public health outcomes. It showed that with the right health investments, the international community could achieve a “grand convergence” in global health—a reduction in avertable infectious, maternal, and child deaths down to universally low levels—within a generation. Rwanda’s success in rapidly reducing such deaths over the last 20 years shows that convergence is feasible. Binagwaho and Scott have argued that 5 lessons from this success are the importance of equity, quality health services, evidence-informed policy, intersectoral collaboration, and effective collaboration between countries and multilateral agencies. This article re-examines these lessons through the lens of theGlobal Health 2035 report to analyze how the experience in Rwanda might be generalized for other countries to making progress towards achieving a grand convergence.

MDMA generally known as ecstasy, have deleterious effects on the serotonergic neurotransmitter system. Recent findings suggest that the liver and brain are major target organs of MDMA-related toxicities. Although most research is being dynamically performed on brain, however, the molecular mechanisms by which MDMA elicits adverse effects in both organs are poorly undrestood.The present study was performed to obtain evidence for molecular mechanism of apoptosis involved in MDMA-induced hepatotoxicity in rat liver after MDMAadministration. Moreover, the antagonistic effect of pentoxifylline was assessed on hepatotoxicity after MDMA administration. In this experimental study, sample size and power in each group were calculated as 10 rats with 95% confidence level and 5% confidence interval. In the study, four experimental groups were selected including Control Normal, MDMA, MDMA+PTX and PTX+MDMA. MDMA was dissolved in PBS and intraperitoneally injected three doses of 7.5mg/kg with two hours gap between doses. Pentoxyfilline also was injected as 100mg/kg, simultaneously with third dose of MDMA. After treatment, total RNA was isolated from liver tissue (5mg). Absorbance at 260nm, 280nm and 230nm were measured and immediately reverse transcription was performed. Included target genes were BAD and BCL-XL as pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic gene, respectively. After set up and validation, Real-Time PCR were performed and obtaining data were statistically analyzed to determine significantly differences between groups. Using Real-Time quantitative PCR results, BCL-XL gene expression ratio significantly increased in MDMA+PTX group. Moreover, BAD gene expression ratio increased and up-regulated in PTX+MDMA group (P-value <0.001).Our study focused on molecular mechanism of MDMA in programmed cell death using gene expression quantification of a pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptoic gene in MDMA-induced hepatotoxocity. The results shown MDMA prompted apoptosis in liver and pentoxifylline protects hepatotoxicity after and befor taking MDMA.

Leptadenia reticulata was reported to be used for several medicinal purposes. The present study was undertaken to evaluate anti-inflammatory, analgesic and lipid peroxidation inhibition activities of L. reticulata. The anti-inflammatory assay was performed by λ-carrageenan and formalin induced paw edema test. Pro inflammatory mediators (IL2, IL6, TNF-α) in serum of treated and control organism were analyzed by quantitative ELISA. Lipid peroxidation inhibition was measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. Analysis of the most active fraction revealed the presence of one phenolic compound (p-coumaric acid), two flavonoids (rutin and quercetin) which also determined quantitatively. The ethyl acetate fraction at 600 mg/kg significantly inhibited λ-carrageenan and formalin induced paw edema by 60.59% and 59.24% respectively. Notable reduction in percentage of writhing (76.25%), induced by acetic acid signifies the potent analgesic activity. Lower level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α) in serum at the 4th hour of λ-Carrageenan injection indicated the inhibition of cyclooxigenase-2 (Cox-2), Nitric oxide (NO) and release of prostaglandin to prevent inflammation. The study also demonstrated the decrease in malonaldehyde (MDA) concentration which revealed the lipid peroxidation inhibition potential of the plant. Our finding provides evidence for potent biological activities in tested model which is supported by its characterized bioactive compounds and ethnomedicinal relevance.

Aviecennia marina (Avicenniaceae) is an endemic plant that widely distributed in the Southern parts of Iran. This plant has been used as treatment of rheumatism arthritis among the inhabitants of Southern parts of Iran. The Avicennia marina hydroalcoholic extract was prepared and its protective efficacy was investigated using measurement of ankle diameter, total WBC and RBC count, ESR, and Pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritic rat. The increment in ESR and total WBC, reduction in RBC count and hemoglobin levels observed in the arthritic animals were also found to be significantly restored in HEA treated rats. A. marina at 400 mg/kg significantly decreases the serum pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as normalizes ankle diameter of CFA rats. A. marina (400 mg/kg) significantly normalizes changes observed in arthritic rats to near normal conditions, indicates that A. marina has promising protective efficacy against arthritic rats.

The molecular mechanisms involved in pathogenesis of esophageal cancer have been the main concern of several studies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the changes of serum prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) value as a redox index, as well as serum C-reactive protein (CRP) compared to healthy control group. In a cross-sectional study, blood samples were drawn from 25 patients with esophageal cancer and 25 healthy subjects. Serum CRP and PAB value were measured in all samples according to relevant protocols. Serum CRP was significantly higher in our patients (14.3 ± 3.2 mg/L) compared to healthy control group (4.6 ± 1.4 mg/L), with a p-value of less than 0.001. The value of PAB in our patients (133.9 ± 21.7) was also higher than that of healthy subject (51.3 ± 11.2), indicating a redox perturbation in favor of oxidants. There was a significant increase in both serum PAB value and CRP in patients with esophageal cancer compared to the control group, which indicated both oxidative stress and inflammatory response in patients with esophageal cancer, respectively.

Japan, known as a pro-choice country in terms of abortion, is currently facing the increase of “selective abortions” thanks to new prenatal screening. Efforts to restrict proliferation of new technology has not been successful and it is likely that Japan will turn pro-life by strictly enforcing the Maternity Protection Act (MPA), which prohibits abortions due to “fetal cause”.