نشریه آینه پژوهش
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 163، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1396)

The author of this article has presented two notes on the history of Baghdad. Besides, he has carried out some new research on some issues in the history of Baghdad.

The purpose of the text correction is to use the information found in the text’s various manuscripts as well as in its related resources to rewrite the version from which all the existing copies are derived, not to rewrite the original text. Because rewriting the original text, that is the author’s copy, is not possible at all. The main purpose of the academic correction is to rewrite a text which is more or less similar to the text of a lost version which can be called the oldest version of the available manuscripts. However, the older the text and the more corrupted its derived manuscripts; the lower would be the quality of the rewritten version. After reaching the hypothetical manuscript or a similar text, the editor is permitted to clean and correct the ypothetical version applying his personal reasoning and using other resources and information. Then, he would come to the last possible step of correction that is the phase of rewriting a text, which based on the evidences seen in its manuscripts and his personal reasoning, is closer to the author’s original text than the manuscript from which all the available copies are assumed to be derived. This text is a completely theoretical and hypothetical text, and it is possible to change constantly with the discovery of new manuscripts or other information. In this paper, the author tries to present the western ideas in the field of text correction. He first briefly speaks about Muslims’ activities in the area of text correction, and then he goes on to the western techniques of text correction.

The author, in the forthcoming article, in the form of a series of notes about history, culture and literature, has dealt with some of the proverbs which are common between Persian and Arabic language. What follows include 15 proverbs with the same meaning which shows the close connection between these two cultures.

In the form of the fifth article of a series of publications titled “Skimming Manuscripts”, the author has scrutinized the texts of several manuscripts. These texts are as follow:- The dominance of Greek natural philosophy on Muslim practical morality
- Writing an Astronomical Newspaper for Tughrul: Mokhtasarnāme (Brief Description)
- An Anecdote from Kāshif al-Ghatā on a beggar from Samarra and what happened to him
- A chronogram of a historical building - Two texts on repairing the dome of Imam Reza (AS) after the earthquake of 1084 in Khorasan
- An ode paid as a tribute to the Safavid Shah Suleiman
- A different note about the Imams from a Sufi text of the eighth /ninth century AH
- What is the meaning of seeing a coffin in the dream?
- Hajj Mohammad Karimkhān, leader of Shaikhie, telegraph and hypnosis
- Report of Yusuf Khan Kashgari’s attack to Estarābād, severe earthquake in Bābol and several other stories in 1222
- Discovery of a tile in Roodāvar of Hamedān in 1292
- The chronogram of discovery of America

The new concept of civilization in the West must be followed from the eighteenth century and the link between civilization and modernity. The term civilization was conceptualized in France in the second half of the 18th century, meaning “the design of a society in which urban law and regulations replace military law.” In the 18th century, according to the ideas of progress, and relying on the idea of enlightenment and the concept of modernity, a new concept of civilization is formed which emphasizes on the worldly, and of course, non-religious evolution, and human self-determined progress. The moral concept of civilization which meant literacy in behavior and focused on an individual rather than a social aspect in 18th century changes in the 19th century; and the society and the social order and systematic knowledge are embodied in the concept of the word civilization. In the twentieth century, with the appearance of the shortcomings in the views of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, new attempts were made to find a relationship between the individual and society as well as civilization and culture, so some new issues were emerged. . The author has
written this paper in order to examine the genealogy of the concept of civilization in the new West. Among the topics discussed in this article are: - Conceptual evolution of civilization in the thinking of the twentieth century theorists
- The conceptual separation of civilization from morality in the new west
- Conceptual Conception of Civilization (culture) in the New World of Islam (after Modernity)

The translation of Nahjolbalāghe by Ali Asghar Faqihi is one of the valuable religious, literary, and educational books of our time. This book was first published in 1374. According to the professor, he has worked on the translation of the work for eight years, and has spent four years on correcting, revising, editing and proofreading it. The author of the following paper studies a short history of Faqihi’s biography and his works; and examines his power of writing and translation, as well as his method of translation in details. . The author further argues that the reason for Faqihi’s translation’s being ignored is that the translation was published at a time when professor Shahidi’s translation of Nahjolbalāhe was quite well-known. Hence, he mentions some parts of Shahidi’s translation which have been criticized by the critics, and compare them by Faqihi’s translation.

Women in Shahnameh, by Dr. Jalāl Khāleqi Mutlaq, is in fact his Ph.D. dissertation at the University of Cologne, Germany, first published in German in 1971. English translation of this book was published in the United States in 2002, and lately Morvārid Publication has published its Farsi translation. Contrary to the scientific and methodological text of the original book, unfortunately the Persian translation is weak and messy. In this article, we will highlight some of its drawbacks and deficiencies in several sections.

A Guide to Preparing a Book (First Edition, 1365) is an informative guide for all of the people who are working in the process of publishing a book including writers, translators, editors, and publishers. This work, written by Adib Soltāni, can be regarded as the best book on the rules of writing, editing and publishing. The author of the present paper is going to introduce this book and its author briefly.

A’lām at-Tarāeq fi al-Hodood wa al- Haqāeq is one of Bin Shahrāshoob Saravi Māzandarāni’s precious works which has been written in order to introduce and explains the terms of different sciences including Kalām (Islamic scholastic theology). In this paper, the importance of this book, especially its theological aspects, has been discussed in various ways. Reviewing this work shows that it can be considered as a unique work among the similar works available due to the scope and variety of terms in various subjects and sciences which are studied, the large number of terms used in each subject, and also because of the extent of the explanation provided for each word. The breadth and richness of the material presented in this book also reveals the extent of the information and study of Ibn Shahrāshoob. . A’lām at-Tarāeq is not a mere thesaurus; it is an encyclopedic encyclopedia and a rich source of rare information. This book is also a valuable source for getting familiar with Ibn Shahrāshoob’s views on natural and theological issues.