فصلنامه پژوهش های اجتماعی اسلامی
سال بیست و یکم شماره 3 (پاییز 1394)

The main goal of this research is the comparative examination of the bases of ontology, epistemology and anthropology. The research method has been descriptive- documentary analysis and the tool of gathering information has been note-taking. The results of the research revealed that the universe as a well-ordered whole, the possibility of acquiring and understanding reality and knowledge through the senses, the purified creation of man and human being having a precious value in the world, moral virtueis the way to access fortune and applying art and taste is an instrument to obtain mental peace are the same aspects respectively in the dimensions of ontology, epistemology, anthropology and axiology of both philosophers. From the other side, categorizing the world into different stages, different grouping of science and knowledge, grading the human being, the negative training method and being human morality inherent or acquired are the differential aspects respectively in the dimensions of ontology, epistemology, anthropology and axiology of the two philosophers.

The family unit is the first training environment and the most important position of training of a natural aptitude of children. Parents desire to raise their children to the best way according to the religious and with self-knowledge and their children move around the pivot of monotheism (Tawhid). Families should know the requirements of the new age to improve their relationship with children and influence them and mean while notifying they should step purposefully and fully deliberately. This paper with analytic-descriptive look has had a special consideration to the identity subject and with assistance of the delight verses of the noble Quran and the words of the Infallibles (Masūmūn) and it has analyzed the prominent components of the Islamic identity. With applying the religious and moral teachings of the noble Quran and the Infallibles (Ma‘sūmūn), this paper has stated the nature of the identity and its types and has determined the backgrounds to achieve the Islamic identity under the principles of God-centered, desire for achievingthe sublime and believing to life after death. At last, it has been clarified some of prominent parameters of Islamic identity and effective family solutions such as: fidelity to values, raising moral virtues, identifying ‎virtuous (righteous) models, considering mutual rights, sexual training, promoting spiritual insight (basirah), time management, liability, expectation" (entezar) and Mahdavi's utopia.

The Caliphate (khilafah) and Imamate of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) for five years has specific features. The great occurrences at the end of Caliphate (khilafah) of Uthman and some years of the Caliphate (khilafah) and Imamate of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) is called the period of fitnah(civil strife). Persons and effective currents in these happenings entered with specific intentions and motivations and played a specific role in its creation. Classifying opponents and their action against the government of Imam Ali (Peace Be upon Him) reveals purposes and motivations of their objection which are chiefly deviation from the Islamic rules and criteria and also the behavior of Imam Ali (Peace Be upon Him) against them has been explored by this paper. It has been tried with studying the mentioned cases to evaluate the new angles of called the period of fitnah (civil strife). The actions of Imam Ali (Peace be upon him) mostly included the opponent's guidance and Justification, not using coercion, isolating opponents and not regarding them. A violent confrontation has been formed in special cases depending to the conditions and the form of opposition.

God the all-seeing (al-Basir) in all situations is the all-attesting (al- Shahid) of all activities and thoughts of His creature but He has appointed other witnesses to perfect His testimony. Some of those witnesses who have knowledge are allowed intercession also. Therefore, believing their testimony (šahāda) in the earthy life and the life after death has a colorful role. This note tries to present the consequences of believing them in human life and the religious training of people in an analytic method meanwhile identifying the witnesses of Qayamat' or Judgment day. From the view of the noble Quran and with using Zīyārah Amīn Allāh it is cleared that there is a relationship between believing the witnesses and reducing in sin and increasing in good deeds. Consequently, a lot of hope to meet God is resulted by happiness. The results of this hope are: satisfying with fate, thanking God and patience. The mentioned cases help to improve individual and social life and toincrease Life expectancy and facility to tolerate difficulties.

Social capital in every group or society determines the quality of the function of social organizations of that society. Justifiable rate of social capital make social actions facilitate, as in crisis situations it can be applied as a main source to resolve problems and processes. Social capital (in its scientific suggestions to solve social problems and the social expansion of civil organizations) considers the value and religious orientations as a necessity (essentials) and emphasizes on religious role as a concept of community builder increasingly. With respect to the role of religious teachings in forming and promoting social capital, this note tries to make clear the religious position in enhancing its factors and componentswith analyzing the literature and theoretical bases of social capital. The results indicate that the increase of the religious tendencies and ideological beliefs in society assists to develop social capital. The religious with creating unique world view (Weltanschauung) among the community of people establishes a harmony and sympathy and people with following the religious instructions (commands) achieve a common understanding of material and social issues around themselves and it creates a ground to emerge a mutual confidence and a social coherent and participation.

According to the fatwa (legal opinion concerning Islamic Law) of the Islamic famous jurists and some of Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence (fiqh) (the Hanbali school), there is dissimilarity (difference) between diya (punitive compensation) of women and men and the Islamic penal code which has been codified based on Imami jurisprudence has accepted this opinion (civil code, Article 300 previously and Article 500, although this attitude has opponents among the Islamic jurists. From the other side, in recent years with arising the feminist movements, it has been tried to state that Islam and especially Shia jurisprudence has no necessary dynamic and it has leaded to gender discrimination and in some cases it has caused the aggression against women. This paper aims to study the purpose (hikmah) of this dissimilarity (difference) between diya (punitive compensation) of women and men from the view of Imami dynamic jurisprudence and Islamic law, the comprehensiveness of Islamic ordinances (ahkam) and philosophy of this difference with documentary method. Therefore, after presenting the several debates which have been taken apart between these two opinions, it revealed that according to Shia these Islamic ordinances (ahkam) are valid and not against the noble Quran and Sunnah and it accords with other available Islamic decrees (rules) in legal system of Islam. Also psychic and bodily differences between men and women are necessity of creation order and it does not induce changes of Islamic ordinances (ahkam).

In challenge with hostile policies of the West, the unique path which is in harmony with our self- glory and dignity is an approach to resistance economy but besides the temptations from devils which it faces, there is corruption in different shapes. In this note,the author (based on his scientific ability) has tried to pen damage procedures which it confronts from this area, alongside with presenting practical strategies. The present note (which discusses with descriptive method and library, archiving and documentary method and in the fundamental-strategic base) has comprised of one introduction and three main parts: introduction provides the definition of some concepts firstly which is used during the discussion and in the second position it considers the general results of corruption and advances strategies to systematize resistance economy. The first part, it takes into consideration the economic corruption and its relation to resistance economy and how it threatens. The second part has analyzed political- bureaucratic corruption: damages and its consequences, its backgrounds, channels and roots and some of its types and informing one strategy. It is criticized and analyzed the reason of not being paid much attention to face these damages by those who are responsible for. The third part has argued the other branches of corruption such as scientific, cultural and artistic corruption. The writer has analyzed norm violation in the field of social morality. And at the end, the note ends with clarifying a moral strategy and achieving the end result.