فصلنامه جاده
سال بیست و دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 79، تابستان 1393)

Economic development is one of pillars in policies of any country. Undoubted energy is the main and necessary factor for this developing. Due to this fact that one of majority energy consumption is transportation¡ in this paper it is investigated Doutch disease and its effects on road transportation by using Auto Regressive Distributed Lag model with data from 1989- 2012. It has been analyzed the effects of oil price on value added of road transportation.
Results are proven that there is a long term co-integration with road transportation value added and one crude oil barrel. Elasticity of oil price than the road transportation value added has a significant relationship both in long term and short term. It is shown that one percent increase in one crude oil barrel causes grow up. 098٪ in short term period and. 48% in long term in value added of road transportation. Also¡ error correction coefficient shows that for every period 38% of imbalance of value added is adjusted and it will close to long term trend. Furthermore¡ reaction functions indicate that if there is an oil price shock¡ at first¡ it will have a additive effects on value added and for the next periods will decrease it. So¡ the fluctuation of oil price will be removed.

After dig projects off the underground and install a temporary consolidate¡ change behavior and movement of the earth and the steady state will be until the sustainability Movements are altered and these changes also can have an impact the structural behavior of the tunnel. For record and analyze the behavior must inside the tunnel instrumentation and data analysis instrumentation can specify the amount and type of movement occurred. In the present paper¡ the case study projects carried out line a subway Qom has been one of the non-mechanized excavation of tunnels with the length of 700 meters of we have. In this study¡ 3 section
100-meter tunnels to the first tunnel¡ 100 intermediate and 100-meter tunnel¡ the tunnel endpoints analyzed and the most stressful parts of the movements have been characterized and reviews that the tunnel will show what passage of time first¡ middle and toward the end of the tunnel¡ what are the behaviors. Results obtained the fact that most of the tunnel and change behavior in first 100 meters of tunnel openings consolidate their show and the implementation will be very careful.

The fine-grained clayey soil on the ground has made very important on the civil project. Many studies are done for soil stabilization with lime and cement. The use of industrial waste materials is one of the most important issues in engineering. The use of these materials can prevent the accumulation in the environment and preserve the environment. Micro silica is an industrial waste produced from the smelting process of silicon metal and ferrosilicon alley production. In this study¡ the effect of adding lime and micro silica with different percentages with different curing times (0¡ 3¡ 7 days)¡ is located under the California bearing ratio (CBR) test. Finally¡ it was found that adding lime and micro silica greatly increase the bearing capacity of the soil and this effect is greater with increasing curing times.

Public transportation systems such as bus service have some advantages¡ including: a high capability to transfer passengers¡ cheaper prices comparing other public transportation services¡ ideal and practical flexibility and low fees of launching the project. Regarding these advantages¡ these systems have a critical role in servicing the passengers and solving traffic problems¡ therefore they are acclaimed by passengers. To make the traveling time more certain and predictable¡ we need to simulate some models based on variables affecting travel time which include delays caused by traffic and number of stops in stations. Being aware of this issue¡ results in a more desirable programming for bus services using the immediate data¡ removing all deficiencies and optimizing this system and also improving the level of services through balancing the supply and demand by public transportation system employees. Also¡ the passengers who are aware of this fact have more tendencies in using the existing facilities in bus services and their demands are increased.Obviously¡ the simulated model can highly predict the bus traveling time in metropolises¡ which possess the bus transportation system¡ from a specified source to the intended target which can be part of the demanded path. Traveling time for different bus jitneys will also be predicted in different times and for every part of the bus¡ by using the field statistics. Finally¡ in order to make the results more reliable¡ the predicted models of SPSS software are studied in different lines and designed and assessed at various time intervals. The average selected linear and non-linear models in SPSS will be more realistic with the accuracy of 0.9029. In the present study¡ the predicted model is designed and assessed by an artificial neural network for the studied paths and different time intervals¡ in order to examine its reliability. The simulated model by artificial neural network will be close to reality with 0.99985 accuracy¡ which shows the high quality of the results.

The first phenomenon related to tunneling especially in urban area¡ is ground surface settlement. For estimating the settlement trough there are two empirical methods and analytical solutions¡ also¡ in recent years with the development of numerical method¡ this method has been added to the other two methods. This paper discusses the comparison between the proposed methods and critique of the first two methods. Hence¡ for obtaining the settlement trough with three analytic methods¡ the models of an urban tunnel was built under the plane strain condition. By comparison settlement troughs¡ it can be seen that except some particular cases the troughs provided by the first two methods are far from the numerical methods. It''s because of the first two methods are not considered all the effective parameters on the surface settlement ground¡ whereas¡ the numerical method are considered¡ thus the numerical method has a relatively accurate estimate of settlement trough. Therefore¡ the numerical method can be a good alternative for the first two methods.