فصلنامه رسانه
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 108، پاییز 1396)

This paper addresses the role of professional ethics in the performance of Iranian print media journalists today. In this study, in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 journalists, communication professors, jurists and newspaper managing directors. The press normative theory and emphasis on the objectivity concept form the theoretical framework of this research. In the conceptual framework of this research, emphasis is laid on the theory of social responsibility and the objectivity concept. Therefore, research questions are designed within this framework and in terms of statements as well as ethical, unethical and controversial situations. Replying the questions, the interviewees have also explained their reasons for their choices of answers. The study findings indicate that there is no consensus among the interviewees about the ethical, unethical or controversial nature of the many situations that journalists are confronted with. This is to the extent that failure to observe professional ethics in journalism has become a natural occurrence among many journalists. One reason for this is the absence of specific and transparent legal framework for journalism ethics .

The present research tries to address the future of the relationship between the government and the media in the context of technological and cultural developments as one of the first steps in this direction. Due to the changes the manifestation of which is already evident, the nature and fate of the media in general are in the process of transformation. By adopting a futuristic approach and methodology, this study examines the future possibilities of the media and explains how in each of the scenarios the government will deal with the media and how much would it be able to control the media.
To accomplish this important task, researchers outline their conceptual framework and their methodology (scenario writing method) and then develop three scenarios about the future of the government and the media. These three scenarios are: 1) Competition between government and non-government actors on domination over the media, 2) Hierarchical network society, the entry into the dark time of information control, 3) Open network society; the beginning of the era of information equality and the Enlightenment. In the end, these three scenarios will be examined based on possible, likely and ideal future prospects .

The purpose of this research is to investigate fake news and the skills to fight them: a topic that has become one of the most frequently used terms in the world news media today, with the controversial media positions taken by Donald Trump being very effective in this regard. This research has raise the following four main questions: What is fake news?; Why fake news are produced and published?; How can fake news be identified?; and What skills are available to fight fake news? The paper has put its theoretical focus on the two theories of “psychological war” and “conspiracy theory."
Fake news, which by reliance on the second theory and by benefiting from tools such as social media, have found a more appropriate chance for production and publication by governments, parties, organizations, terrorist groups, and even robots, has been turned into a major dilemma and a serious concern. However, despite the efforts made to fight fake news, it is difficult to distinguish it from real news for various reasons. Here, one of the most effective methods of countering fake news is development of educations such as media, news, visual and information education to the audience in order to acquaint them with the methods and skills required to identify and fight fake news .

The present research sought to develop an optimal public relations model for the Islamic Revolution institutions. So, reviewing the experimental background and the literature in this field, the research data were collected using qualitative method and semi-standard interview with 15 public relations experts selected by purposeful sampling. Thematic analysis method and thematic network technique were used to analyze the data. Based on a semi-standard interview with experts, the research findings showed that a public relations favored by revolutionary institutions would reach theoretical saturation at four general categories (comprehensive themes) of management, electronic, content and organizational social capital; nine main minor categories (organized themes), 23 secondary minor categories (organized themes); and ultimately 139 fundamental themes. The thematic network diagram of the public relations favored by revolutionary institutions was drawn after specifying the themes. In order to validate the developed model, the communication evaluation method was applied and for the purpose of reliability the method of employing a research colleague was used. The agreement reached was 0.90

The retaining of employees is a major issue faced by various organizations; the challenge is more critical when it concerns knowledge workers, because knowledge is considered to be the most valuable asset of an organization. Employees involved in intellectual capital are called knowledge workers, and this capital has a remarkable manifestation in media organizations. Considering that the media sector has gone through a great deal of change, future studies can play an important role in this field, as it will clarify the planner's perspective vis-à-vis possible future events, opportunities and challenges. Through reduction of erosive ambiguities and uncertainties, future studies increase the ability to make intelligent choices. Of course, this study attempts to draw a clearer picture of future media only by using some of the futuristic concepts.
First, we deal with the concepts of future studies, knowledge workers and the media in the literature review and within the framework of theoretical background and then examine the empirical background of retaining the knowledge workers of future media organizations. Considering the fact that there is not much empirical background on this specific topic, by adopting a futuristic approach, the interview method was used to obtain expert opinions. Then the interviews were analyzed through qualitative research method of thematic analysis. In the end, the conceptual model provides an overview of the linkages between the research process and the findings of each section so that it can achieve applied results by categorizing and integrating the findings .

One of the major problems of earthquake disaster management in Iran is shortage of appropriate public education and information dissemination. Although, after every earthquake, various debates are raised by the authorities and the media concerning the incident and the need to be prepared to cope with it, in general, the society does not have enough information about this issue and the public awareness in this regard is meager. Considering the high probability of occurrence of an earthquake in Tehran metropolis, it is imperative to decide how to educate the general public to manage the crisis. This research has been conducted using Delphi method with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the components of providing awareness and information about an earthquake in Tehran. The audience and information dissemination routes have been identified and prioritized for the cause of awareness. Consensus among 43 experts in the relevant fields showed that six groups are the most important target audience for information dissemination, respectively: High school students, housewives, college students, working people, children and the elderly. To communicate messages, 10 information dissemination routes have been identified for each of these six groups. Finally, a prioritized list of audience and routes was obtained that could be considered by policymakers and executives of the relevant institutions to prepare citizens to cope with the crisis.

The main purpose of this paper is to arrive at concepts in dark pop songs that include the themes of the social realities of the 2000s. To develop the above-mentioned concepts, songs written by Maryam Heydarzadeh and Mohsen Chavoshi and sung by Mohsen Chavoshi have been selected. The theoretical framework and the method used in this study are Marxist approaches and, in particular, the teachings of this school of thought have been applied. After analyzing the selected texts based on the analytical model, the most important findings have been set forth based on the question of the survey in three categories of codes: The first category consists of the words and codes whose main theme is the cry of protest and call for modernism. The second category includes words concerning separation from one’s beloved, cursing and wishing death for the disloyal lover and committing suicide by the lover. The third category of concepts consists of propositions and words that contain the hope for the return of the light and the lover’s loyalty.
Due to its romance, the songs and the characteristics of this spot and the light are depicted in the form of a loyal lover who is sensational and different from others.