فصلنامه روستا و توسعه
سال پانزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 58، تابستان 1391)

Iranian cooperative sector is assumed to be an appropriate lever to achieve social equity and equality. Considering the important policy of the Cooperative sector which is targeting the share increase in the Cooperative sector to %25 by the end of the Fifth Five-year Plan، this study was conducted in 2010 in descriptive and survey method. It makes use of a random stratified sampling method and regarding Bartlett table، the sample size includes 249 members of Board of Directors in agricultural cooperatives of Kermanshah County. According to the study results، respectively in priority terms، variables of government support، members’ awareness of cooperative principles، mental participation of the individuals، and consistency of managers’ educational field with their works have the highest impact on the advancement of the concerned policies.

Shift of attitude toward the role of human factor as well as of the human participation and empowerment in achieving sustainable development led to the introduction of new management patterns in the range operation. This study aims at investigating the transferred range management programs in 2004، within a survey in technical and socio-economic terms. Study results indicate that there are relations at different levels of significance between the variable of “type of region” (of the range management programs and the control rangelands) and other variables; generally، the type of region، with a confidence of %99 is different from the extent of forage production، vegetation coverage، observed grazing capacity، participation، application of indigenous knowledge، and the problems. In addition، it is consistent with observing the common law border (by almost %82)، precise manner of operation (by almost %80)، range trend (by almost %55)، investments (by almost %32)، and range condition (by almost %31). In other words، the results from comparing the two range management systems in the Lorestan province show that the progress of transferred range management programs (within a scientific operating system) in operating، restoring and improving the rangelands is much more than those of the traditional management system.

Today، farmers’ access to formal credits is considered as a means of agricultural and rural development. However، a number of farmers spend their received credits on non-agricultural purposes. The question is “what is the relationship of farmers’ individual، economic and land characteristics and their received credit features with the amount of credits spent on agricultural purposes?”، and also، “according to the farmers، which factors cause credit diversions from objectives of Agriculture sector?”. This study with a statistical society of 614 farmers who received the agricultural credits in Ghani Bigloo district tries to answer these issues. Study results indicate that only %16 of the farmers spend the credits completely on the agricultural purposes; there is a significant relation of the credit spending in the Agriculture sector with the variables of the farmers’ individual، economic and land characteristics and the credit features; and according to the farmers، lack of sustainable incomes is one of the main factors resulting in agricultural credit diversions.

This study aims at investigating issues and problems as well as analyzing restrictive factors involved in agricultural land Renovation and development programs in Khor-o Biabanak region of Isfahan province. It was conducted in a single cross-sectional survey method. The study used a questionnaire to collect the required data through interviews. Statistical society included all the local elites، project administrative stakeholders، and experts at the county and provincial levels; among them، 118 people were selected as the sample size in a headcount method and then interviewed. Results of the items relating to the implementation constraints and limitations of the program were prioritized on the basis of variation coefficient into the four parts including socio-cultural، eco-financial، institutional-legal، and also operational، technical and implementation. To summarize the data، factor analysis was used and the results indicated that totally، socio-cultural، economic، farm physical and also institutional factors explained %76. 749 of variance of the concerned restrictive factors.

This is a field survey study and its information is produced through interviews by using the questionnaire over the crop year of 2008-9. The statistical population consists of all 2550 rice-growing households in Shirvan and Chardavol county who are professionally engaged in rice plantation; among them، 82 households are selected as statistical samples in a random multi-stage clustered sampling method. For the purpose of data analysis، correlation coefficient and path analysis are used. Study results indicate that the two concepts of “powerlessness” and “poverty” out of the five existing concepts in the model of deprivation trap in the studied community have the highest impact on the studied model، which explain the variance of determinants in the deprivation trap of the region by %69 and %62، respectively. Therefore، the presence of these two concepts in the studied region is confirmed. In addition، study results show that education level، with the correlation coefficients of -0. 258 and -0. 354، has respectively significant and negative relations with the concepts of powerlessness and poverty; and the presence of the deprivation trap is not approved in real terms.

Population growth during twentieth century gave rise to the issue of health. Health in urban and rural areas is a complicated phenomenon the realization of which requires healthy environment and appropriate social, economic, cultural and environmental grounds. Understanding the nature and dimensions of health and its effective factors, on the one side, and making an effort to promote it on the other side, are of quite high importance in the rural areas and also play an important role in sustainability of these areas. This study aims at measuring and analyzing the health level of the households residing in the rural areas of Khondab county, and uses a descriptive and analytical method. For this purpose, given the dimensions and indexes of health, the required data is gathered through a field study method (questionnaire) and analyzed by using the stepwise multiple variable regressions. Study results indicate that the health level in the studied area is at a favorable status by an average of 3.24. To identify the factors effective on health, seven variables entered into the equation within the effective factors which totally, explained 73.7 percent of the household health variance.

This study aims at investigating the implications of tourism for rural regions of Soltaniyeh district in Zanjan province. It is conducted in a descriptive-correlative method mainly by means of questionnaire. The statistical population includes rural people، civil service staff، and tourists (n=453). Study results indicate that enhancement of economy in the region، prosperity of local handicraft industry، increase in life quality، and solution of the unemployment problem are the most important positive implications، and destruction of vegetation، increase in land and housing prices، decline in the traditional culture، and social conflict between the host and guest societies are the most important negative implications of the rural tourism for the region. In addition، according to the results of factor analysis on the role of rural tourism in development of the region، improved rural industry and marketing are known as the first factor، followed by developing the employment and entrepreneurship، cultural development، economic development، increased welfare services، and protection of natural resources as the next factors.

This is a descriptive-correlative study with the data gathered through 150 questionnaires distributed in a field study over the crop year of 2009-2010. Statistical sample includes all the range managers benefitting from range insurance in Fars province of Iran. The results from Spearman coefficient show that the number of the operators has a significant positive relation with the satisfaction of insurance، but the relation of compensation variable with that is not significant. In addition، the results from Mann-Whitney test indicate that the variables of willingness to make an insurance contract and satisfaction of insurance are significantly differed; and according to the results of Kruskal-Wallis test، the satisfaction of insurance has no significantly different relation with the variable of income acquisition means، but the variable of operator’s general problems is differed from that. Finally، it is suggested to reckon and assess the compensation properly as well as to pay the amount of it on-time.