نشریه کلام اسلامی
پیاپی 98 (تابستان 1395)

One of the arguments provided to establish the existence of God and his divinity is argument from guidance. Most Islamic scholars have taken the guidance in creatures as structural and ordered guidance and discussed it in the form of argument from design or argument from genesis and so on. Yet some other scholars, following some Quranic verses, have considered existence of God as a guider independent from his creation and separate from genesis of human beings and urged to distinguish between argument from guidance and argument from design and genesis. this paper, inspired from Quranic verses, will explain different accounts of argument from guidance, and its relation with similar arguments like argument from design and genesis have been analyzed, and finally some instances of guidance of creatures and their marvelous actions, which are manifestations of divine guidance, will be propounded.

According to the Quranic verses and Tradition (Hadith), Devine names have mediatory rule in all aspects of the cosmos, and the universe receives its existence from Allah through the Divine names and attributes. It is because the universe follows a cause and effect system in which the affairs are carried out by using the means. Divine names and attributes have degrees; some are constricted, and some others are general and broad. They consequently lead to the greatest name of Allah, i.e. the Supreme Name, which contains the meanings of all the other names. Many words have been said about the reality of the Supreme Name and its effects, the ways to achieve it, and who its beneficiaries are. Some consider it as category of words and some others relates it to the spiritual reality. There are different opinions about the true meaning of the Supreme Name. This paper analyzes different ideas in this regard, and particularly investigates the beliefs and opinions of Allameh Tabatabai and Fakhr Razi.

In this paper we analyze and explain the view of Feyz al-Qasani on the doctrine of Bada’. Feyz has discussed this doctrine in the numerous works, and on the basis of various principles such as the constant flow of creation, the fate and destiny, al-Lavh al-Mahfouz, and the Lavh and Qalam has explained the meaning of Bada’. According to him, Bada’ takes place by the writing on the table of fate (al-Lavh al-Mahfouz) in the world of celestial souls (table of negation and affirmation), while in the Om al-Ketab and world of intellects, not to mention the knowledge of God, there is no change. Accordingly, he concludes that, Bada’ requires neither the ignorance of God, nor any change in Him or His knowledge, and believing it will encourage people to pray and worship.

In the early days of Islam, the polytheists of Mecca attempted so much to stop the spread of Islam through a variety of torments, accusations and sometimes by making doubts about the prophecy of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The accusation of prognostication is one of the accusations that were made by polytheists in order to make doubt and deny the prophecy of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The study and analysis of this accusation and explanation of polytheists’ beliefs in prognostication and prognosticator can determine the origin and purpose of polytheists from propounding and therefore can clarify the Quranic answer to this accusation.
Also with analyzing and explaining accusation of prognostication and its origin this matter will be discovered what compelled polytheists to these accusations was their astonishing against miracle of Quran, because polytheists from one hand felt the greatness of the Holy Quran that did not have ability to reject his superhuman source, and from other hand they did not want to accept divinity of the Quran and the prophecy of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), so they got compelled to that through accusation of prognostication and to introduce Quran as genie's words and the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as a prognosticator.

This paper investigates Allameh-Tabarsi’s attitude toward determination and freewill in some aspects. at the first section it addresses intellectual aspects of determinism in Majma al-Bayan. The second section of this paper investigates the reasons that Allameh-Tabarsi used to prove freewill. The third section of this paper discusses how to solve the contradictions that evidently exist between freewill and some issues in Islamic doctorinal system, and the last section mentions deficiencies in study and analysis of determination and freewill in Majmaol-Bayan. At the end we conclude that Allameh-Tabarsi’s attitude in this issue is only Quranic and although Allameh-Tabarsi could analyze this issue very well, it is not complete.

Fazel Meqdad is a prominent Shiite theologian. He was specialist in jurisprudence and principle of jurisprudence, in addition to theology. His theological method was inspired from theological method of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi and Allamah Helli. Likewise, rational and philosophical thought in his books has distinguished status.
Tendency of Fazel Meqdad in most of the theological discussions is using rational arguments, yet he has used revealed reasons in affairs which have mostly revealed reasons like Imamah and details of hereafter. As well as has used rational and revealed reason with each other in some other cases.