مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 12 (اسفند 1396)

Malignant neoplasm of the colon wall or colon cancer (or colorectal cancer) is the fourth and third most common cancer in men and women worldwide, respectively. Risk factors for colon cancer are complex and the drug therapies did not have a great survival chance. Regarding the probable role of the physical activity in preventing the incidence and severity of cancer, the present study examined insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) in an animal model of colon cancer.
Material & Male Wistar rats were selected based on approved protocols undergoing treadmill exercise training at moderate intensity. Groups consisted of healthy controls and trained; and cancerous control and trained. In each group, at least 7 mice were used alternatively. Animals first underwent eight weeks of moderate-intensity training and then, through intraperitoneal injection of 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine (DMH), changes in the predisposing factors for colon cancer were investigated. In non-experimental groups, the experience of drug-carrier injection and treadmill adaptation was also performed. Four weeks after DMH injection, IGF-I and IGFBP3 levels were measured in animal serum. Anatomical evidence was provided to confirm colon cancer.
Besides anatomical evidence of colon cancer, assessing the IGF-I and IGFBP3 values using quantitative ELISA kits showed that serum levels of IGF-I in animals were significantly reduced with moderate intensity pre-training but serum levels of IGFBP3 increased significantly compared to their values in untrained animals.
Considering the findings of longitudinal studies, the underlying factors of increasing the incidence and severity of cancer and its relation with hyperinsulinemia were considered. The Increase in IGF-I and decrease in IGFBP3 following hyperinsulinemia is likely to be a factor for increasing the susceptibility to colorectal cancer in these patients. The findings of this study, as well as other studies, suggest that physical activity by reducing IGF-I and increasing IGFBP3 can be effective in preventing colon cancer. Physical activity can be important as a non-pharmacological approach to reducing the severity and development of colon cancer.

Adolescence is a period associated with the highest risk for developing drug problems and the risk of transmission from substance use to abuse. This study aimed to investigate the risk and protective factors of alcohol and substance abuse among high school adolescents.
This research was a descriptive analytical study of correlation type. The study population were second grade high school students in Urmia. The study included 367 students who were selected using cluster random sampling in terms of region, gender, major, and academic year. Data were collected using demographic information questionnaire and Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory-Adolescent Version-2.
The results showed that masculinity, poor education, large number of friends and smoking are among risk factors, and femininity, academic achievement, the amount of time parents spend with their children, and the amount of time children spend with their parents are among the protective factors against alcohol and substance abuse. Other factors such as exercise, region of residence, mother’s employment, type of housing, family income, and parental education play no role in alcohol and substance abuse among students.
These findings provide valuable information about high-risk groups and those who plan to offer drug-reduction programs and drug addiction prevention programs.

The positive effect of mesenchymal stem cells in healing of various types of tissue damage such as burn has been reported. The therapeutic potential effects of mesenchymal stem cells influenced by certain agonists from their surface called Toll like receptor (TLR) can be modified into proinflammatory and anti-inflamation phenotypes. It is believed that modification of phenotypes of mesenchymal stem cells can affect their therapeutic function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of Poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) versus LPS (TLR4 agonist) in stimulating mesenchymal stem cells and alteration of the therapeutic potential of these cells for the treatment of third-degree skin burns in mice which was performed at institute of Bio-technology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Total 36 male mice aged 7-8 weeks with 25-30 gr average weights were selected. Based on burn standard method, a stainless-metal rod was heated to 100 in boiling water and burn wounds of 9 second duration were created on each mouse. Within an hour of burn induction, the mice were randomly assigned to four groups, control group with daily application of silver sulfadiazine gel, treatment 1 was treated by receiving subcutaneously 106 unstimulated mesenchymal cells, treatment 2 was treated by receiving subcutaneously 106 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mesenchymal cells, treatment3 was treated by receiving subcutaneously 106 Poly (I:C)-stimulated mesenchymal cells. Biopsies were taken from wounds and some normal tissues around it on days 7, 14 and 21 after burn induction. All samples were examined histopathologically by Hematoxilin-Eosin and masson trichrome stains in terms of thickness of the granulation tissue, tissue repair process, array of granulation tissue and deposition of collagen fibers in the repairing area. Checking normality test was processed using SPSS 18.0 Software (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA) and data then were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey and post hoc test.
Thickness of the granulation tissue on day 7 differed significantly between the control group and treatment 1 (P Increased therapeutic potential of LPS -stimulated mesenchymal stem cells versus reduced therapeutic potential of Poly (I:C)-stimulated mesenchymal stem cells can be as a result of attaining the proinflammatory versus anti-inflammatory phenotype in mesenchymal stem cells in response to the respective agonists, respectively.

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of tissue resembling endometrium outside the uterine cavity. Extensive remodeling existence in peritoneal mesothelium layer is necessary for adhesion, invasion, and proliferation of endometrial fragments, which is required the activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs), as a normal menstrual cycle. MMPs are a family of zinc dependent endopeptidase that play important roles in the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). It has been suggested that overexpression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in endometriotic tissues may result in degradation of peritoneal ECM and providing the adhesion and invasion to develop endometriosis disease.
For this purpose, we studied MMP-2,-9 expressions in ectopic and eutopic tissue samples of women undergoing laparoscopy for endometriosis and eutopic tissues of fertile women at Royan Institute. Twenty samples were used in each group and cDNAs were prepared from RNA which had been isolated from each sample. Real-time PCR was performed to measure the mRNA expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9.
Our results showed the overexpression of MMP-2 in ectopic and eutopic tissues of patients compared to the control group. However, statistical analysis showed no significant differences in the expression levels of MMP-2 between groups (P>0.05). The expression of MMP-9 in ectopic endometrium was significantly higher than that in eutopic and control group (P=0.012, P=0.014). Also, MMP-9 had high level of gene expression in eutopic samples compared with control group, but it did not reach the level (P>0.05).
Overexpression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in ectopic tissues of endometriosis may increase the strength of adhesion, invasion, and angiogenesis in the target tissue and improve endometriosis disease.

Sport and physical activities play important role in disease prevention and health; and an integral approach to controlling cardiovascular disease and obesity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of concurrent training on serum leptin, adiponectin, blood lipid profiles and some white adipose tissue hormones in overweight non-athletic men.
In this study, 30 young men aged 19 to 25 years old with body mass index of 25 to 28 kg / m 2 were randomly divided into three groups of concurrent training. Subjects completed 3 sessions per week of periodic, continuous and strength aerobic workouts on odd days; and then 2 sessions per week they had sauna sessions on even days for 20-30 minutes without any activity in the dry sauna at 80° C. Fasting blood test was taken from subjects in twice before and after 8 weeks of intervention. Changes in serum levels of leptin, adiponectin, lipid profile, insulin, glucose and insulin resistance index were assessed by enzymatic method. The results were analyzed using variance test.
The results showed that concurrent exercises there was a significant decrease in serum leptin, low density lipoprotein, triglyceride, body composition, glucose concentration, insulin sensitivity index (P≤0.05), serum concentration of adiponectin and lipoprotein lipid peroxidase significantly And the difference between groups was not significant (P≤0.05).
The findings indicate that concurrent exercises cause significant changes in the level of some of the secreted hormones from white adipose tissue and other organs associated with the secretion of these hormones and improve some of the indexes of body composition and lipid profiles.

Nowadays, in many developed and developing countries, the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes has increased. The prevalence of obesity among women may be higher than in men. Recently a new product from muscle and adipose tissue known as irisin has attracted the attention of researchers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between irisin and obesity follow of physical activity.
In this study 21 obese women (medium age: 37.99 ± 3.7 year, height: 1.55 ± 0.03 meter, BMI: 34±5 kg/m2) participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to exercise groups (endurance (n: 10) and concurrent (n: 11)) for eight weeks, three sessions per week for 40 to 45 minutes. Irisin, fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and visceral mass ratio to body muscle were measured. The data were analyzed using two way ANOVA.
After 8 weeks exercise training in both groups, irisin decreased significantly (P0.05).
Finally, there were no differences between groups of training. It can be hypothesis that the increase of irisin in obese people is one of the preventing ways against obesity's side effects.

Hypoxia is the most common cause of seizures in the neonatal period. Seizure induced by hypoxia cause permanent increases in excitability of neurons and by changing in activity and synaptic plasticity leads to memory impairment. Crocins (Crocus sativus L.) is a water-soluble carotenoid and is the most important active components of saffron. Most studies indicate that crocin have important role in improving learning, memory and motor activity. In this work we assessed the effect of crocin following epileptic model by hypoxia on passive avoidance memory and motor activity in young rat.
In this study, 40 young rats (Wistar) 10-12 years old (18–22 g) maintained at room temperature 23±2. Rats were divided into four experimental groups: sham, crocin, hypoxia only, submitted to hypoxia followed by crocin treatment. For hypoxia induction rats placed in hypoxia container with 7% O2 and 93% N2 for 15 minutes. In crocin group, rats received crocin (30mg/kg for 21 days) after their lactation period. Finally, passive avoidance memory, balance and motor activity were assessed respectively by shuttle box, rotarod and open field instruments.
A decreased step through latency and increased time spent in dark room was observed in passive avoidance test after hypoxia (p Results of this study indicated that hypoxia impairs passive avoidance learning, balance and motor activity and crocin treatment improve these changes.

Dentigerous cysts are the most common odontogenic cysts of the jaws. The dentigerous cyst arise from around the crown of impacted, embedded, or unerupted teeth. Most often they involve mandibular third molars followed by maxillary canines, maxillary third molars.The main reason of dentigerous cyst is unknown but it rarely occurs around a supernumerary tooth. Only 5% of dentigerous cysts involve supernumerary teeth, around a mesiodens in the anterior of maxilla. Mesiodens is a developmental problem that occasionally find in children and results malocclusion. Most of mesiodens are related to a complication and only 26.9% were asymptomatic. The incidence of mesiodens which is a supernumerary in the midline of upper central incisors varies between 0.09% and 2.05% in different researches.This paper describes a case of dentigerous cyst associated with a mesiodens in a 45-year-old woman that caused a painless swelling in maxillary anterior region.