مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال سی‌ام شماره 1 (فروردین 1398)

Recent studies have shown that some of the MEFV gene mutations are common in patients with coronary artery disease. The present study was designed to investigate the presence or absence of E148Q mutation in exon 2 of MEFV gene in patients with premature coronary artery disease. In this study, 90 patients with coronary artery disease were voluntarily selected for molecular analysis of the E148Q mutation in the exon 2 of the MEFV gene. 2-3 ml of peripheral blood was collected in tubes containing EDTA. Genomic DNA was extracted using "salting out" method. RFLP-PCR was used to determine the E148Q mutation. Of 90 patients studied, 7 (7.8%) patients were heterozygous for the E148Q mutation. In other words, of 180 chromosomes examined, 7 chromosomes (3.9%) had a mutated allele regarding E148Q mutation. In this study, the E148Q mutation was not found to be homozygote in tested samples. It can be concluded that E148Q mutation is not a risk factor for coronary artery disease in the tested group.

The efflux pumps play an important role in the development of drug resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance, and the presence of efflux genes, as well as molecular typing in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. In this cross sectional descriptive study, a total of 100 K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from Milad hospital, Tehran, Iran. Bacterial identification was carried out by biochemical tests and antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The presence of TolC, AcrAB, MdtK genes were investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and molecular typing was performed according to the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus -polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR). The results showed that 48% of isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). The highest rate of resistance was observed against amikacin (65%) and the lowest resistance was found in aztreonam and fosfomycin (1%). The occurrence of AcrAB gene (96%) was the highest, followed by mdtK (82%) and tolC (79%). ERIC-PCR revealed 16 different genotypes among K. pneumoniae isolates. There was a significant association between ERIC-PCR pattern and efflux pump genes in some clonal types (p<0.05).   Our findings indicated the high prevalence of multidrug resistance and efflux genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. The strategy for suppressing these efflux systems may be useful in the treatment and control of the multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Genus Listeria especially Listeria monocytogenes (L.monocytogenes), as a food-borne pathogen, is the causative agent of Listeriosis that could be fatal in high risk subjects such as pregnant women, immunocompromised persons, neonates, and elderly. In the present study, the frequency of Listeria spp. and L.monocytogenes in 277 food and environmental samples from retail food markets of Urmia city was evaluated. After isolation and identification of strains, their antimicrobial resistance to 8 antibiotics of isolates was investigated by Kirby – bauer method. Out of 277 samples, 10 (3.61%) were positive for presence of Listeria spp. based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of 10 isolates, 3 (1.08%) isolates were identified as L.monocytogenes and molecular confirmation was done by PCR for plc-A gene. The frequencies of other species were L.ivanovii (0.72%), L.siligerii (0.72%) and 0.36% for welchimeri, grayi and innocua species, respectively (. Eight of the isolates (80%) were resistant to ampicillin and 7 (70%) to penicillin G. Their resistance to Co-trimoxazole and Gentamicin was not seen among isolates. Besides that, the resistance rate to erythromycin, rifampin, and tetracycline was 20%, for each antibiotic. The result of present study indicated the resistance of Listeria species isolated from food against antibacterial agents that are therapeutic choice for Listeriosis. This reveals the prompt need for surveillance program and information system setup about listeria in Iran.

Bipolar disorder is a truly debilitating and chronic disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of mania or depression with crucial effects on personal and interpersonal performance. This research aimed to study the effectiveness of dialectical behavioral therapy (emotion regulation skills training) on impulsivity and quality of life in patients with Type I bipolar disorder. This study quasi-experimental study was conducted with pre-test and post-test control group design. The population composed of all male patients in Razi Hospital of Tabriz during 2018. Using purposive sampling, 30 patients were selected and randomly assigned to experiment and control groups. The data was gathered through Impulsivity Barrat and Quality of Life WHO questionnaires. The experimental group received a 60-minute, twelve treatment sessions concerning the dialectical behavioral therapy. Data were analyzed by multivariate covariance analysis with SPSS (version 24) software. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that dialectical behavioral therapy had a significant impact (p<0.001) on improving the impulsivity and quality of life in bipolar patients. The findings of the present study suggest that the psychotherapy of bipolar disorder type I, dialectical behavioral therapy, along with the pharmacotherapy can be practiced to decrease the impulsivity and increase the quality life.

Suicide in developing countries is an important health problem that occurs at a young age. Our purpose in this study was to compare the suicide trends using epidemiological aspects in Hamadan province in 2006 to 2010. The mortality data of suicide for the present study was extracted from the death registry for suicide in District Health Network in Hamadan province. The trend of suicide was examined by Age-Specific Mortality Rate (ASMR) for a different type of suicide in both genders and also by all age groups. Then, the Years of Life Lost (YLL) was evaluated for different suicide methods. Totally, we analyzed 542 suicide cases based on eight age groups that had successful death for suicide. Of these, 340 cases were in 2006 and 202 cases in 2010. The mean age of suicide was 58.46 [95% CI: 56.53, 60.39] in 2006 and 32.13 [95% CI: 30.23, 34.04] in 2010. This issue suggests that the trend of suicide had a transition from the middle-age to young age. We also can understand this subject from the comparison of ASMR in all age ranges and in both genders. Among different method of suicides, intentional self-harm by drug and opium and hanging had the most YLL. The rate of suicide in 2006 in comparison to 2010 didn’t show a dramatica decrease. The trend of suicide had a transition from middle- age to a young age and this is a danger alert for policymakers in Hamadan province.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common cause of disability with cognitive impairments. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive rehabilitation (CR) on cognitive flexibility, response inhibition, and selective attention in patients with MS. The current quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest plot and a control group was conducted on 32 patients in the Urmia MS Society, Iran. They were selected through the purposive sampling method and were divided into intervention (n=16) and control groups (n=16) by the simple random method. The patients in the intervention group participated in the cognitive rehabilitation for 12 sessions, individually. The scores of cognitive flexibility were obtained by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), selective attention by the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT), and the response inhibition by Go/No-go task. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (repeated measures analysis of variance). The results of the current study showed a significant preservation error in the interaction between group and time (p<0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of the error of committing (p<0.05). Nevertheless, no significant difference was observed in the responses of inhibition scores at pre-test, post-test, and follow-up between the two groups. Thus, significant differences observed in cognitive flexibility and selective attention at follow-up and post-test in intervention and control groups. Cognitive rehabilitation is likely to affect cognitive flexibility and selective attention in patients with MS.

The subject of peace is an important issue in both psychology and sociology. Trainings based on this psychological notion can be helpful in solving many intra- and interpersonal psychological problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of peace-based education on students' life. This work also reported a case study on the effect of our intervention on the frequency of brain waves. The study was quasi-experimental with Pre-test-Post-test Control Group design. The statistical population consisted of Isfahan university students during 2017-2018.In first stage, participants (N= 70) were selected through a convenient sampling method and were randomly assigned to three groups. During this stage, the effect of peace-based education was tested using Interpersonal Peacefulness Scale (Nelson, 2014), Self-Perceptions Scale (Nelson, 2014) and Quality of Life Ladder (Sawatzky et al., 2010). In the second phase of the study, the effect of peace education was explored for the participants' quantitative electroencephalography. Findings of the first stage of the study demonstrated that peace-based education significantly increased life satisfaction (p <.001), intrapersonal (p <.001) and interpersonal peacefulness (p <.001) compared to CBT and control groups. Moreover, the results of the second stage showed an increasing trend in theta mean score while a decreasing trend of beta was observed. Working on peaceful emotions such as serenity, security, and satisfaction results in paying more attention to others and relational situations, and also helps to achieve the ability to solve social problems. It also activates the relational mind networks which in turn improves the peaceful aims and beliefs giving rise to "peace-health promotion".

The presence of epithelial cells in the blood is a symptom of cellular damage. Clara's cell proteins are the epithelial cells of the lungs and the respiratory tract, also, the existence of cytokines such as reactive protein C is a sign of inflammation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of one session of endurance swimming activity on the serum concentration of Clara proteins and reactive protein C in elite male swimmers. The present study was a semi-experimental research with two stage pretest and posttest design. 20 male swimmers (BMI 23/55±1/22 kg/m2, Height 174±9/12 cm, Weight 61/35±5/65 kg, fat 19/19±2/4 percent, Elite: 10 male, recreational: 10 male) participated in this study. Clara cells and reactive protein C were measured after a session of endurance activity with an intensity of 70-75% of maximum oxygen consumption for 30 minutes. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance (P≤0/05). Statistical analysis showed that Clara's serum concentration increased significantly in both groups of elite and recreational swimmers after training intervention (p=0.001). Also, reactive protein C increased significantly (p = 0.003). The results of the comparison of the mean posttest for Clara cell and the reactive protein C of the elite and recreational groups showed that there was a significant difference in the amount of Clara cell protein (p = 0.001), and the amount of C-reactive protein (p=0.002). It seems that a session of endurance activity of the swimming-pool causes a sharp increase in the serum levels of Clara proteins and CRP in elite and recreational male swimmers, although the history was not intended.