مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال بیست و نهم شماره 2 (اردیبهشت 1397)

Nowadays, one of the problems of the human society is drug addiction, which causes individual, economic, social and cultural damages. One of the most commonly used substances in circles and parties is ecstasy pills or 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). These pills have severe damage to various systems of the body and brain. Therefore, in this study, we studied the anti- inflammatory effects of curcumin on reducing the complication of ecstasy on the immune system after taking these pills.
In this experimental study 48 adult male wistar rats were divided into six groups: group1; control (received ethyl oleate 0.2 ml, IP, and 2 ml water in the form of oral for 15 days, without MDMA and Curcumin), group 2 (received MDMA 20 mg/kg in 2 ml distilted water in the form of oral and ethyl oleate 0.2 ml, IP, for 15 days), group 3 (received MDMA 20 mg/kg and injection of curcumin 20 µ mol/kg, IP, for 15 days), group 4 (received MDMA 20 mg/kg, for 15 days, then injection of ethyl oleate 0.2 ml, IP, and 2 ml water in the form of oral for 15 days), group 5 (received MDMA 20 mg/kg, for 15 days, then and injection of curcumin 20 µ mol/kg, IP, for 15 days), and group 6 (received MDMA 20 mg/kg and injection of curcumin 20 µ mol/kg, IP, for 15 days, then injection of curcumin 20 µ mol/kg, IP, for 15 days). The rats were anesthetized at the end of experiment. The blood samples were collected. Immunoglobulins of serum were measured.
The results of this study showed that the using of MDMA with curcumin reduced serum immunoglobulin level in male wistar rats. This effect was significant in the MDMA group with curcumin compared to the control group (P˂0/05). But this reduction was not significant in the MDMA group alone (P>0/05).
The MDMA with curcumin, caused a significant reduction in serum immunoglobulin levels in male wistar rats. The reason for these significant changes compared to the control group and the group that only consumed MDMA was probably increased absorption and non-metabolizing of MDMA by curcumin, that from this finding, the specific characteristic of curcumin in modulating the immune system and main ting tolerance, can be used to induction tolerance in the use of some medications and food in the future.

Pain following surgery can cause physical, cognitive and emotional distress. Clonidine is an alpha-2 agonist that has recently been used to reduce anxiety and pain and it may help prevent postoperative discectomy complications. Our aim was to determine the efficacy and safety of α-2 adrenergic agonists for reducing pain and complications in adults undergoing spine surgery.
In this clinical trial study, 60 patients with lumbar disc herniation were divided into 2 groups of 30 subjects. Clonidine was administered as a dose of 0.2 mg for the intervention group, 60 minutes before the surgery and the control tablet group received placebo with 30 ml of water. Pain levels were recorded on the basis of VAS, before surgery, and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery. As well, the need for morphine at 3, 6, 12, 24 hours after surgery was recorded.
Pain score in clonidine group was significantly lower than placebo group (P = 0.03). Postoperative pain relief was significantly lower in clonidine group after 24 hours. Clonidine reduced postoperative lumbar pain.
Oral clonidine had no significant effect on hemodynamic changes during operation, but significantly reduced the pain and the need for postoperative analgesia. Our study concludes that prophylactic α-2 adrenergic agonists can prevent discectomy pain.

The prevalence, incidence, and complications of heart disease increase with age. Green tea is an antioxidant which can prevent cellular senescence and cardiovascular diseases. Telomerase enzyme decreases with aging. Acute exhaustive exercise results in disturbances in the oxidative system and production of active oxygen species in the heart tissue. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the effect of taking green tea extract for 12 weeks on telomerase enzyme content in heart tissue of old rats in response to acute exhaustive exercise.
In this study, 20 male rats were randomly categorized into two groups of supplement and non-supplement each consisting of 10 rats. The supplement group received green tea extract for 12 weeks. At the end of 12 weeks, each of these groups was further divided into two groups of rest and acute exhaustive exercise. The non-supplement with rest group was called control group. The non-supplement with exercise group was called exercise group. Further, the supplement group with rest was called supplement group and finally the last group was entitled supplement with exercise. After 12 weeks of taking green tea extract, one session of acute exhaustive exercise was held on the treadmill. Sandwich ELISA method was used to measure telomerase content. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests.
The results showed that telomerase enzyme content in the supplement with exercise group was significantly more than the exercise group (P=0.021). Also, it was significantly more in the supplement group than the control group (P=0.008). The difference between the exercise and control groups (P=0.008) as well as the difference between the supplement with exercise and supplement groups were not statistically significant.
The study showed that using green tea extract for 12 weeks can increase telomerase enzyme content in rest or after acute exhaustive exercise and accordingly prevent cellular senescence.

ovarian cancer is the 4th leading cause of cancer-related death in women. In order to reduce its mortality and morbidity, identification and evaluation of specific diagnostic biomarkers are necessary. Given the importance of the GADD45A role in cell survival and death, its expression changes were investigated in benign, borderline and malignant ovarian serous tumors in the present work.
Fresh specimens from different types of ovarian serous tissues including 75 tumors and 20 normal gathered from patients who referred to Urmia Kosar and Tabriz Alzahra hospitals between 2015 and 2017 and stored in -80°C. After making a diagnosis by a pathologist, RNA extraction was performed with TRIzol kit, cDNA was synthesized by Takara kit and then the GADD45A gene expression was evaluated by Real-Time PCR
The analysis revealed that GADD45A gene expression level showed a significant difference between malignant and normal tissue (p Based on our findings, it has been shown that the GADD45A gene expression level significantly reduced in cancer samples. Therefore, this gene expression level may be used to identify the disease stage in ovarian serous tumors. In addition, its expression level can be considered as a target in cancer therapy.

Tissue hypoxia induces the degradation of adenosine triphosphate, resulting in the production of uric acid (UA). Elevation of serum uric acid levels has been observed in hypoxic subjects, including patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been reported to have high serum levels of uric acid compared with control subjects. In this study, we examined the relationship between spirometric measures and serum uric acid levels in different staging of COPD and outcome patients
A total of 79 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with age range of 38-83 years were enrolled. 51 of the patients (64.6%) were men and 28 patients (35.4%) were female.Subjects aged 38 years or older (n = 79), who admitted in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia with chronic obstructive pulmonary exacerbation without comorbid conditions. The uric acid level was measured from the morning blood sample of the patients and during the hospitalization, the patients were evaluated for serum uric acid levels and evaluated outcomes including recovery and discharge, ventilator connection, transfer to ICU and death. The correlation between serum uric acid and changes in FEV1 was also investigated.
The results of data analysis showed that the mean age of patients in the study was 62.94 ±15.06 years, and the mean uric acid and FEV1 in patients were 5.16± 2.50 mg / dl and 0.74 ±0.19 respectively. Significant differences between the level of serum uric acid in patients who have recovered and have been discharged (patients without adverse events) and patients with at least one of the cases (need to Vetilator, need for ICU or death) were not observed. There was no statistically significant relationship between severity of disease (FEV1 level) and serum uric acid level.
Serum uric acid levels have no predictive value for predicting the outcome of hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Also, the serum level of uric acid is not a reliable marker for determining the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The purpose of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is to increase survival, symptoms improvement and increasing the quality of life of patients, but in some literature there has been conflicting results regarding this issue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft, considering METs )Metabolic equivalents (in exercise testing and functional class.
In a sectional descriptive-analytic study, we evaluated 48 patients that were nominated for coronary artery bypass graft. For this purpose, indices including exertional chest pain, exertional shortening of breath, functional class and METs of patients were measured before and 6 months after the surgery and then were compared considering risk factors.
The mean age of patients were 6.16±63.47 y/o with 26 (54.2%) males. The mean function class of patients before surgery were 2.36±0.07 and after surgery was 1.72±0.08 (P CABG improves the function class and METs of patients especially in male and non-diabetic patients.

Sodium meta-bisulfite is an inorganic compound that is used for food storage and may have side-effects on different body organs. Given the importance of thyroid hormones in regulating metabolism and tissues function, this study aimed to investigate the effect of sodium meta-bisulfite on histological structure and thyroid function in adult male rats was performed.
In this experimental study, 70 adult male rats divided as control (no treatment), sham (physiological saline treatment) and 5 experimental groups receiving sodium meta-bisulfite doses at 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, were used respectively. Prescribed by gavage for 28 days was conducted. Then, after collecting blood samples for measuring the hormones T3, T4 and TSH, their thyroid removed and after preparing tissue sectioning, the follicle were counted and compared and the results using ANOVA and Tukey analyzed, so a significant difference of data at p ≤ /0/05 was considered.
The results showed that sodium meta-bisulfite at doses 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced the amount of T3 and T4 and active follicles numbers and significantly increased the colloid space and inactive follicles at P≤0/001 and so, in doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively, significantly increase at P≤0/05 and P≤0/001 in TSH hormones levels compared to the control group.
The results showed that sodium meta-bisulfite by reducing the active thyroid number of follicles, leads to decreased thyroid hormones and by removing the negative feedback of these hormones causes increased TSH.

The atrazine is one of the most commonly applied herbicide in the world. The main purpose of the current study was to investigate the detrimental effects of ATR on male reproductive system.
In this experimental study, eighty male rats were used. The rats in control group received 0/2ml corn oil and in experimental groups received 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg b.w of ATR orally on daily. The parameters of body and testis weight, testosterone level, sperm quality including sperm count, motility, viability, DNA damage, nuclear maturation, sperm apoptosis and histological testicular changes were evaluated.
In all experimental groups mean plasma testosterone levels were reduced. Also there was a significant decrease in body and testis weight in experimental groups (p The results of this study indicate that ATZ has adverse effects on sperm cells and reproductive system of male rats.