ماهنامه معرفت
سال بیست و هفتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 246، خرداد 1397)

This paper seeks to interprets the signs of the righteous and true Shiites from the viewpoint of Amir al-Muminnān Ali (P.B.U.H.). Divine success of human being in reinforcement, advancement, happiness and evolution of the soul, depends on his effort and will, rather than his educational teachings. Self-development is self-education and achieving perfection and prosperity as well as fighting against the effects of decay and deviation. Education, in addition to the existence of a serious decision and will of pupil, requires a compassionate trainer, to provide the conditions of education for pupil by teaching the appropriate behaviors, guiding towards moral virtues and preventing from moral vices. Hence, it is necessary to supply the spiritual and physical needs of pupil besides taking advantage of encouragement and punishment to achieve a certain level of education. Thereupon, the true Shiites seek what is eternal and lasting and they do not rely on mortal and transient matters. Wise man, by comparing immortal and mortal world, never prefers the transient and frivolous pleasure of this world to the everlasting happiness and blessings of Paradise.

One of the various issues of the ritual education, which is one of the areas of religious education, is the methods of ritual education. These methods, which have several types, explain the manners of operation and action. This paper seeks to introduce the tendentious methods in ritual education to obtain the valid educational methods from the religious sources such as, Ayāt al-aḥkām (verses of the rules). Using a descriptive-analytical method based on a desk research, this paper studies the verses of the holy Quran in this respect to collect the educational teachings as well as the methods, through the worshipping verses and rituals. We categorized these methods in three classes, which include provider (six methods), maker (six methods) and corrective (four methods).

Effective communication with others is a prerequisite element of life in today's world and dialogue is the most important means for this matter. Considering the influential role of dialogue in individual and social education, it is necessary to pay special attention to this skill. But to achieve this goal, it is essential to study the value and significance of dialogue. This paper seeks to study the individual and social educational functions of dialogue from the viewpoint of the holy Quran and traditions. Using a desk research and concentrating on related sources, this research studies the concept of dialogue and its relation to other similar concepts to clarify the etiquettes and conditions of a favorable dialogue. The individual and social effects that have been discussed here are as follows, expanding knowledge and bring up a critical thinking, self-awareness and enhancing confidence as the individual effects and tolerance, sympathy, cooperation and unity and understanding (through intergenerational, religions and civilization dialogue) as the social effects.

Critical thinking is a new scientific concept that has taken into consideration in the currentcentury.The importance of critical thinking is such that some have considered it as one of themain goals of education. The holy Quran also has paid attention to mental processes in manycases with different expressions. The question that arises is that, what are the applications of the concept of critical thinking and its elements (or components) in the Quranic literature. Using an analytical method and referring to Quranic verses this research seeks to study the position of the critical thinking and its coordination with Quranic concepts. There is not a certain concept that contains the whole elements of critical thinking, but the components of critical thinking are mentioned separately in the holy Quran. The root words "fiq" jurisprudence, "nabata" deriving, "hajaja" argument and "nadar" opinion related to the component of inference and derivation of critical thinking, and the root words "hukm" verdict and "qada" judgment have a close semantic coordination with the component of the evaluation, judgment, and comparison of critical thinking.

The human being's education involves various individual and social areas. Prophets (P.B.U.T.), on their missions, have used various ways to prompt people to do good deeds and avoid devil. So, if they did not apply an efficient, effective and motivated system, their mission could be unprofitable. Prophets (P.B.U.T.) have warned people on the consequences of their behaviors in this world as well as in the hereafter. Using a qualitative approach based on a logical analysis method, this paper seeks to study the concept of reinforcement from the viewpoint of behaviorism and holy Quran. The concept of reinforcement in the holy Quran is realized from the Quranic anthropology. Accordingly, the reinforcement involves material (physical) and immaterial (spiritual) aspects, despite the priority of the spiritual dimension of human being to other dimensions, which is in accordance with his will, nature and perfection.

The holy Quran expresses great effects of prayer, which the most worshippers are deprived of it.
The obstacles are the main reason for this deprivation. Some of these barriers are the tendencies and internal states of man, which makes it difficult for the worshiper to enjoy the effects of prayer. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this paper identifies the causes of these barriers and damages from the viewpoint of the Quran to analyze how these motivating obstacles prevent man to take benefit from the effects for prayer. The findings of this paper show that, duplicity, arrogance, lack of fear of Allah's punishment, frailty and boredom are among the motivating obstacles, which distort or obliterate some effects of prayer such as, tranquility, prosperous life.

This study provides a desirable model of curriculum for the formal education system, considering the Islamic perspective on the differences of men and women. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this study specifies the creational and legislative differences between women and men in Islamic teachings, and then, it exposes the lack of attention to this doctrine in the programs of our general education system. In the same vein, this paper presents a different curriculum for elementary school girls and the first period high school boys, considering the aforementioned differences and certain areas of learning the Islamic teachings in the national curriculum document. The following, provides an independent textbook for the second period high school boys and girls by the name of Islamic lifestyle, in order to prepare them for family formation in accordance with Islamic criteria. This textbook, familiarizes girls and boys with their individual and creational differences, as well as their related roles and responsibilities to each other.

The paper seeks to study the effect of using the interactive multimedia software of Quran recitation on the amount of primary school student's learning, and its comparison with traditional teaching methods. This study is an applied and quasi-experimental research, based on purpose and application. The sample of this study has selected through cluster random sampling and consisted of fifth-grade male students of Kahrizak area. This investigation uses the researcher-made recitation assessment form to collect data. Also, it benefited from the opinions of the academic professors and experts for examining the validity of data collection tools. The reliability of exams counted with the Cronbach’s alpha (80%). The findings of the independent t-test research indicate that, there is a significant difference between learning by the interactive multimedia software with traditional method in both correct and fluent reading, in such a way that the positive effect of interactive multimedia was confirmed in the recitation of the holy Quran.