ماهنامه معرفت
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 256، فروردین 1398)

This paper analyzes the traits and signs of the true believer and the righteous Shi'a in the words of Amir Al-Mu'minin Ali (a.s.). According to his holiness one of the other signs of the believers is that, "Even if he is found among those who forget (Allah) he is counted among those who remember (Him), but if he is among the rememberers he is not counted among the forgetful". This feature is also expressed in the previous parts of the sermon with other expressions. These all indicate that, the true Shi'a always commemorate God. Among the ways of remembering God are, connecting with Him, remembering the hereafter and the constant attention of the true believers in the Almighty God.

Ethical education requires principles to provide the method of training for educating. There are also educational principles in Islamic ethics, but they are not considered as the principles of education. This paper seeks to study the principles of education in Islamic ethics in order to clarify the educational strategies of moral education for the educators of this field. Accordingly, focusing on the sources of Islamic ethics, a set of educational principles that have a greater role in this issue are studied in this paper. Most of the principles of education are based on the foundation of anthropology of education, which is considered in the sources of philosophical ethics. Religious anthropology indicates that, primitive creation (nature) that has been founded upon goodness, which itself impacts education, and the faculties of the soul and its characteristics and factors affecting their performance, can rectify the perspective of educators in the field of education.

There are many factors involved in the process of moral education, one of which is inheritance. Investigating the role of inheritance in in man's moral upbringing, provides the condition for a desirable education and realizing educational methods and goals. Using a descriptive- analytical method this paper studies the impact of genetic traits on moral education from the viewpoint of the viewpoint of the Infallibles. Accordingly, the scopes of the human being whose heredity affects them, have been investigated. Then the relationship of these areas with moral education has been studied. The findings show that, everyone has inherited a certain memory, intelligence, the body and morals. On the other hand, analyzing the position of these dimensions in different areas of education, shows that, although inheritance plays a significant role in some areas of education, such as rational and physical education, in moral education, it is merely a provider, and it should be managed by using educational methods to manage the other genetic effects in moral education.

Using a descriptive-analytical method and focusing on the Holy Quran and the other ethical sources, this paper seeks to study the role of 'la zarar' rule "do not inflict injury" in the moral education of the parents and teachers with a comparative approach and a new approach to ethics and jurisprudence in the field of education to connect between the schools and parents. According to the rule of 'la zarar', all sorts of harm, including material, spiritual, mental and physical one is prohibited; because human dignity is one of the most important spiritual assets of the students. All  psychological harms and disrupting the dignity of the community are in contrast with the rule of 'la zarar'. The body and soul of children and students in families and schools should be protected from any harm. And their honoring and respecting are among their absolute rights. Teachers and parents are able to preserve the character of the children by adopting moral attributes, such as: honesty, humility, kindness, avoiding punishment; because eliminating their personality causes mental and spiritual difficulties, which can harm the community and people.

Unlawful property is one of the most important factors of human deviation from the path of happiness and servitude. Using a descriptive-analytical method, and attracting the attention of people to the view of Islam towards the forbidden property this paper is conducted. Islam has given much importance to the tendency of human beings towards the unlawful property. The lack of knowledge in God's essence and attributes and the lack of faith in the resurrection are among the factors of tendency towards forbidden property from the point of view of Islam. If the human being knows his lofty position in the creation, he will not be attracted to unlawful property. If a person is not aware of the lawful and unlawful ways of obtaining a property and the consequences of forbidden property, he may be attracted to the unlawful matters.

Today, some Muslims have been subject to extremism due to a lack of understanding of the Islamic teachings about tolerance, and have replaced violence with peaceful coexistence. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the conditions and the scope of tolerance from the viewpoint of Islam to enable us to adopt the correct behavioral approach in Islamic sources. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this paper studies the realm and conditions of tolerance in the Quran and tradition. The findings show that, the fulfillment of the conditions of tolerance depends on maintaining the religious principles and values, rejecting the oppressors, avoiding the opposition with the Divine limits, observing the rights of others and preserving the human dignity. The scope of tolerance is widespread in Islam, which includes, God's tolerance with humans, political tolerance, that's mean, tolerance with polytheists, hypocrites and critics, social tolerance, that's mean, tolerance with the People of the Books, ethnicities and nationalities, Islamic denominations, as well as tolerance with parents, spouses and children, and moral tolerance, that's mean, tolerance in the style of coverage, behavior and dealing with criminals.

Mediation in marriage is one of the most effective ways to spread marriage and improve its uality in society. Reviving this well-known tradition requires the recognition of the importance and alue of mediation; which is the purpose of this paper that seeks to study its virtuous and status from the point of view of Islam, based on the Quran and traditions. Using a desk-research ad descriptive-analytical method, this paper is conducted. The research finding shows that, in total, six verses of the Quran with five approaches refer to mediation in marriage: 1. Ordering mediation 2. Mediation as a pattern of Divine action 3. Introducing a mediation pattern in normal circumstances 4. Introducing mediation pattern in critical conditions 5. Explaining the effects of mediation in good works. In the same line, 20 narrations emphasized the importance and value of mediation in marriage. The narrations of mediation are divided into three general sections; I. Mediation as a natural right (considering the relationship between parents and children), II. Worldly and otherworldly rewards of mediation III. The consequences of neglecting the mediation.

Piety is one of the important keywords in ethics. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this paper seeks to study this issue in the works of Imam Khomeini. In his works, three main indicators for piety are introduced, which is consistent with what we know from the Imam Ali (as) culture in this regard. The main point is that, the considering avoidance in the definition of piety, is the spiritual avoidance, not the physical one, that contrary to the popular perception, turns piety from the physical perception, into a physical-spiritual one. Accordingly, this ethical issue becomes a stimulus factor, which brings ascetic seriously into society to confront with the social problems. The ontological viewpoint of Imam Khomeini is one of the pillars of this definition of piety and ascetic. As a Sadraie philosopher, he portrays a picture of the universe and man and the philosophy of life, which also affects the moral concept. Piety in this view is active, not passive.