فهرست مطالب

Advances in Environmental Health Research - Volume:6 Issue: 2, Spring 2018

Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research
Volume:6 Issue: 2, Spring 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/04/14
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
|
  • Shadi Kohzadi, Ata Amini, Behzad Shahmoradi *, Shahab Mohammadi, H.P. Shivaraju Pages 61-66
    One of the air pollutant indices includes particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 μg/m3 (PM10). Particulate matter has extensive effects on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Dissemination of such particles for a longer period can lead to increased mortality and hospitalization. In this study, the data of PM10 pollutant were gathered from the Kurdistan Department of Environment. Furthermore, PM10 effects on the total mortalities, cardiovascular mortalities, respiratory mortalities, and hospitalizations caused by respiratory and cardiovascular diseases were analyzed using AirQ software. The results reported the highest mean concentration of PM10 in 2014. This software predicted a total death toll of 57, 60, 57, 51, and 55 cases per 100,000 people during 2010–2014, respectively. Moreover, it was estimated that 3.4, 8, 1.2, 10.8, and 11.5 percent of all deaths could be attributed to the concentrations >20 μg/m3 of PM10. Due to the lack of suitable database for recording death toll attributable to air pollutants, this software could be considered as an alternative for estimating the health effects of air pollutants.
    Keywords: Air pollution, PM10, Cardiovascular disease, Respiratory disease
  • Mehrzad Ebrahemzadih, Shahram Sadeghi, Parisa Mozaffari, Hamze Salehzadeh * Pages 67-72
    The aim of this study was to determine the density of benzene and toluene in barbershops of Sanandaj and also to determine effective factors for this pollution. A descriptive, analytical study was conducted to measure the volatile organic compound density and determine the effective factors. In this study, five hair salons and five barber shops were randomly selected from Sanandaj city. The volatile organic compound density was measured by using Phocheck device, Tiger model, made in England, equipped with a PID lamp (Photoionisation detector lamp). Also, the other effective variables that affect the density of these compounds including temperature, humidity, type of service provided, and the type of conditioner were measured in summer and autumn. Statistical analysis using t-test and ANOVA was performed using SPSS software version 18. In the makeup salons, toluene had the highest density (with an average concentration of 0.821200 ppm), and ethylbenzene had the least density (with an average concentration of 0.015532 ppm). Between the density of volatile organic compounds, it was one of effective factors of them. Based on the impact of natural ventilation, it is recommended to reduce contaminants in beauty salons. Environmental health inspectors should consider this variable in their surveys.
    Keywords: Volatile organic compounds, Hairdressers, Sanandaj, Air pollution
  • Ebrahim Darvishi, Reza Shahidi, Mohsen Mahdinia, Mohammad Javad Assari * Pages 79-89
    Nanoparticles (NPs) are a heterogeneous group of materials that have various applications, and their risk assessment is an essential condition. This study aimed to review the applicable risk assessment methods in occupational and environmental exposures to NPs. A literature search for articles published since 2005 in Web of Knowledge, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, using appropriate keywords such as “Risk Assessment,” “Nanoparticle,” and “Nanomaterial,” revealed 56 articles, which were screened by two researchers. A total of 15 articles were reviewed in full text. In total, 11 applied techniques for NP risk assessment were analyzed. Seven methods were quantitative, and four were qualitative. The quantitative methods were Integrated Probabilistic Risk Assessment (IPRA), Integrated Probabilistic Environmental Risk Assessment (IPERA), Quantitative Structure-Activity QSTR-Perturbation Model, Lung Dosimetry Modeling for Quantitative Risk Assessment (LDMQRA), Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling (PBPK), Risk assessment based on toxicokinetic modeling, and Risk assessment of NPs with Spray Application. The qualitative methods were Application of Toxicogenomics for Risk Assessment, Luminous Microbial Array for Toxicity Risk Assessment (Lumi MARA), Control Banding Nano Tool (CBNT), and Stoffenmanager Nano Tool. It can be concluded that each of the studied methods evaluates an NP and is specifically used for that NP. A general risk assessment approach cannot be applied to all NPs but should be separately investigated by different processes.
    Keywords: Risk assessment, Nanoparticles Exposure, Exposure Methods, Review
  • Ali Almasi, Mitra Mohammadi *, Rouhhollah Shokri, Majid Hashemi, Nemat Bahmani Pages 90-95
    One of the indexes of stabilization pond is the presence of coliform bacteria in water and wastewater. This study aimed to determine the effect of solar light on coliform variations in stabilization pond. In this experimental study, the effect of light, pH (
    Keywords: Stabilization pond, Fecal coliform, Microbial pollution
  • Mehrnoosh Abtahi, Yadolah Fakhri *, Mansour Sarafraz, Hassan Keramati, Gea Olivericonti, Margherita Ferrante, Nazak Amanidaz, Rokhsane Hosseini Pouya, Bigard Moradi, Zahra Baninameh Pages 96-106
    Cesium radioactive isotopes (134Cs and 137Cs) are dangerous to human health due to their long half-life and high solubility in water. Nuclear experiments, wars, and nuclear plant accidents have been the main sources of Cs release into the environment. In recent years, several methods have been introduced for the elimination of Cs radioactive isotopes from contaminated water. This study provides an overview of the available published articles (2008–2016) regarding the remediation of waters polluted by Cs isotopes. The maximum adsorption capacity (MAC) of Cs isotopes corresponded to natural chabazite (273.24 mg Cs/g adsorbent), hollow Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles (262 mg Cs/g adsorbent), and Prussian blue implemented non-woven fabric (260 mg Cs/g adsorbent). Using natural chabazite and PB adsorbents, along with another adsorbent (PB graphene oxide hydrogel), Cs radioactive isotopes can be effectively removed from the aqueous solutions.
    Keywords: Cesium, Isotopes, Sorption, Biosorbents, Drinking Water, Radioactive Material
  • Malek Hassanpour *, Syeda Azeem Unnisa Pages 107-117
    According to a recent report by the Iranian industrial organization, over 1700 Industrial and Engineering Brick Manufacturing (IEBM) industries are currently running in Iran, using the same method in common use worldwide. The present research study used a combination of a literature review, existing research reports, and a model of assessment among the four main kinds of IEBM industries to estimate the profit of IEBM using Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) sludge as a model. Paying attention to differences in brick manufacturing practices among the many published papers, we summarized the available standard procedures and methods. Both the paired test and t-test analyses revealed a significant difference among parameters such as initial feed, employees, power, water, fuel, and land (pvalue ≤ 0.001) for the four main types of IEBM industries in Iran. The evaluation identified a priority hierarchy among factors: employees> land > initial feed > water > power > fuel. Therefore, automation in this industry is recommended. Next, two models were developed to estimate the profit of a WWTP and Four Main Brick Manufacturing Industries (FMBMI) using released sludge from the WWTP.
    Keywords: Profit, Brick manufacturing, Wastewater sludge, Model
  • Roya Ebrahimi, Afshin Maleki *, Behzad Shahmoradi, Reza Rezaee, Hiua Daraei, Mahdi Safari, Yahya Zandsalimi, Pegah Bahmani, Shivaraju Harkaranahalli Puttaiah Pages 118-127
    Dyes are an important class of pollutants which when discharged into water resources can be toxic to the aquatic environment and cause serious problems for public health. Various treatment technologies such as adsorption are in use. For this reason, clinoptilolite was used as a low-cost adsorbent to remove color from aqueous solution. Clinoptilolite was modified with sulfuric and phosphoric acids in order to adsorp aqueous direct red 23. The batch adsorption experiments used dye concentrations ranging from 50 to 200 mg/L. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) were used to determine properties of clinoptilolite. To evaluate the experimental data, adsorption isotherms and kinetics were studied. The results showed that experimental data followed both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, with a correlation coefficient of 0.95–0.99. Kinetic studies showed that adsorption followed pseudo first-order kinetics. The adsorption results showed that acid-modified clinoptilolite with maximum adsorption capacity of 0.0009 mmol/g was a superior adsorbent compared with unmodified clinoptilolite, according to Langmuir equation. It caused adsorption efficiency in terms of Si/Al ratio 7.5 after 200 min of contact of between 31% to 60%. According to the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model, mean free energy of adsorption (8.2–8.9 kJ/ mol) means that adsorption might follow a weak chemisorption mechanism. We conclude that adsorbing properties of clinoptilolite, a cheap and abundant adsorbent, can be improved and used for removing dyes from wastewater.
    Keywords: Adsorption, Clinoptilolite, Direct Red 23, Acid Modification
  • Mohammad Ali Torki Harchegani *, Nazar Dahmardeh Pages 128-137
    The direct association between air pollution and morbidity and mortality rates has been proved. This major environmental risk factor has been mainly due to extensive use of fossil fuels. Increasing pollution caused by fossil fuels can threaten human health. This study simulated the effect of green taxes on Iran’s health indicators, i.e., mortality and morbidity. We used a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model calibrated by Iran’s Social Accounting Matrix (SAM). The results show that when any pollution tax rate is levied on energy products, all eight types of environmental pollutions would be reduced. Almost two thirds of health costs (62%) are related to mortality, one fourth to morbidity (26.4%), and the rest to non-health effects (11.6%). Finally, we found an inverse correlation between green taxes and health costs.
    Keywords: Simulation, Green Tax, Environmental Pollutants, Mortality, Morbidity, CGE