فصلنامه مشکوه
پیاپی 137 (زمستان 1396)

Two Islamic tenets of the Creator of the world are absolute justice and the Best of creators. On the other hand, devastating incidents such as floods and earthquakes seem to be incompatible with those tenets. The article is written in response to this misconception and shows that these incidents are natural and inevitable and are in line with one of the definite Divine precedents, i.e., human trial, in order to reveal what conduct man would show in any situation and incident.
If we have a panoramic look – and not a close-up glance – at the world incidents, we would see that, as implied from the verses of the Qur’an, what we call evil is not only necessary, but is also good in the overall world order; or if it is evil for some, its goodness is generally more than its evil, like the positive and negative poles in an electric circuit.
The real evil comes from Satan and the misleading self, which is “moral evil”, leading families and the society to destruction and worst of all, it is the injustice that the arrogant powers do to other countries with their belligerence, rather than the rare incidents like earthquakes.

Since long ago the question has been raised among the interpreters and theologians as to what style and method God has made use of to talk to His servants. The language of innate disposition is among the most important theories on this issue, which Ayatollah Javadi Amoli has brought up. To put it more clearly, if the Qur’an does not belong to a specific time and place, it necessarily needs to enjoy an extensive language that is eternal, universal, and general and encompass various states, modes of being, and circumstances. In other words, it has to enjoy three features of durability, generality, and application and such a language is the language of innate disposition that would neither vary nor transform. It is tried in this article, while giving a definition of and expressing the lingual features of disposition as well as explaining its proofs and evidences, to specify various dimensions of this theory and its superiority over other viewpoints brought up concerning the language of the Qur’an. Keywords: features of disposition, language of disposition, language of the Qur’an, components of the language of disposition, Javadi Amoli.

Study of Islamic doctrines depicts the effective role of ethics in foundation of legal rules in the first step and their implementation in the second. This role is especially outstanding about the legal rules that have been devised for the two parties involved in armed conflicts. Undoubtedly, there are certain rules in humanitarian law that are not justifiable except through ethical principles underlying them. Thus, studying the role of these ethical principles seems essential in explanation and implementation of the rules of humanitarian law. Upon examining the relation between ethics and law in general, this paper is intended to study the relation of some of the ethical doctrines of Islam to the rules of humanitarian law and their role in implementation of the above-mentioned rules.

Various customs ( sunan ) prevail the world over. With a deliberation on these customs, it can be said that they are interrelated and some of the traditions are preliminary steps and are a prerequisite for another custom and some are regarded as the result or an instrument for another custom. One of these customs concerns decoration. Custom of decoration is one that, when carried out, represents some matters as beautiful to humankind. Custom of decoration is divisible into two categories of absolute and restricted customs of decoration in relation to the people of Truth and people of falsity. Each of these types has specific tools and features and is displayed in a different way. Similarly, each one of them is somehow connected to other traditions.

Management has a significant role in the efficiency and actualization of individual, group, and organizational objectives, which is considered as governance and rulership in public law. In order for the governments to achieve efficiency and productivity, it is inevitable to supervise the state’s financial and economic affairs, since in the present world the consistency of a country is undoubtedly dependent upon success in management of financial sources, for which the researchers would introduce certain components in search of its modern principles. On the other hand, the true religion of Islam, which is viewed as a code of conduct for life, is pioneer in all dimensions. This article undertakes to study the components of the efficient financial management in the sīra of Amīr al-Mu’minīn Ali (A.S.) on governorship level. While providing working procedures for disengagement from the managerial weaknesses in some macro and micro fields of the state economy and to struggle against corruption in the present era, this article introduces the abovementioned sīra as a symbol of epiphany, progress, and intelligence in the governance of our religious dignitaries in hundreds of years ago.

In human interrelationship, including relationship of family members with each other, attention to nonverbal communication inculcates various messages, which besides its great impact on reduction or strengthening of family bonds, plays a substantial role in the mental health of the family. In this respect, the present research seeks to study the narrative texts of the Imams (A.S.) from the perspective of nonverbal signs and their impact on strengthening and consolidation of Family through an interdisciplinary outlook. The research findings indicate that the noble Imams (A.S.) have been concerned with the importance of this kind of communication in strengthening affection among the family members and believe that the various messages that are conveyed to other members of the family by means of nonverbal communications have a very impressive role in consolidation of family relationship and cause increase of affection among the family members.

The objective of this measurement research is to study the impact of circulating pictures of unveiled women in social networks on the condition of Islamic dress code ( ḥ ijāb ) of the adolescent girls in Mashhad. The high school students of 7 districts of Mashhad Department of Education were selected as the statistical population, with one high school chosen from every district. The total number of research population members amounted to 338; of these, using the Morgan Table, the number of sample members was determined to be 180. The research findings showed that most of the adolescent girls become members of social networks and members of various groups. The average belief in and practical commitment to maintaining Islamic dress code among adolescent girls is in a suitable condition, whereas belief in and commitment to maintaining Islamic dress code among the adolescent girls in cyberspace is lower than the average. Among the pictures of the unveiled women circulated in cyberspace by families, acquaintances, and celebrities, the impact of the pictures of the unveiled women circulated in cyberspace social networks is more than other factors.