فهرست مطالب

International Journal of Engineering
Volume:31 Issue: 1, Jan 2018

  • TRANSACTIONS A: Basics
  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/11/05
  • تعداد عناوین: 24
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  • R. Heydari, M. Khavarpour Pages 1-11
    The object of present study was to examine the adsorption potential of nanozeolite clinoptilolite (CP) for the removal of malachite green (MG) from aqueous phase in a batch equilibrium system. SEM, EDX, XRF, XRD and FT-IR techniques of characterization of zeolite were applied. The effects of initial pH solution, adsorbent dose, temperature, contact time and initial MG concentration on adsorption were evaluated. Adsorption experiments were conducted at initial concentrations in the range of 10–50 mg/L and temperatures at 25, 30 and 35°C. MG adsorption uptake was found to increase with an increase in contact time, initial MG concentration and solution temperature. The adsorption equilibrium data revealed the best fit with Koble-Corrigan model. The kinetics of MG on adsorbent followed the pseudo-second-order model. In addition, the assessment of kinetic data depicted that the adsorption rate was controlled by intraparticle diffusion mechanism. The negative values of standard Gibbs free energy represented the spontaneous adsorption at the stated temperature. The positive values of enthalpy and entropy changes also confirmed the increased randomness and endothermic nature of MG adsorption on nanozeolite CP adsorbent. Furthermore, the obtained activation energy showed the physical adsorption process.
    Keywords: Adsorption Kinetics, Thermodynamics, Malachite Green, Nanozeolite Clinoptilolite, Isotherm Models
  • W. A. A. Alqraghuli, A. F. M. Alkarkhi, Y. Yusup Pages 12-18
    Three-factor interaction for the two-level, three-level, and four-level factorial designs was studied. A new technique and formula based on the coefficients of orthogonal polynomial contrast were proposed to calculate the effect of the three-factor interaction The results show that the proposed technique was in agreement with the least squares method. The advantages of the new technique are 1) it is fixed, 2) it is simple and 3) it is easy to apply without the complicated matrix formula of the least squares method. This new technique will also enhance the use of the coefficients of orthogonal contrast when analyzing other experimental designs.
    Keywords: Two-level factorial design, Three-level factorial design, Four-level factorial design, Response surface models
  • M. Taghian Dehaghani, M. Ahmadian Pages 19-24
    The main aim of this research was to find the mechanism for the failure of the CoCrMo porous nano-composite by characterizing microstructural changes and fractured surface after compression test. For this purpose, porous nano-composites were prepared with the addition of bioactive glass nano-powder to Co-base alloy with 22.5% porosity by the combination of space-holder and powder metallurgy techniques. The micrographs of samples showed that porous nano-composites had the micro and macro pores including open and closed pores. The observed fracture surface in the triple conjunction of sintered powders indicated a complex of intergranular and transgranular fracture mechanisms. The brittle carbide phase related to the higher solute content (Cr and Mo) precipitated at grain boundaries, leading to the intergranular fracture mechanism and transgranular mechanism that was due to the phase transformation during compression test.
    Keywords: nano-composite, porosity, fracture mechanism, microstructure, powder metallurgy
  • Mst. Sharmin Mostari, T. Zaman, A. Sen Rahat Al Hassan Pages 25-31
    For a developing country like Bangladesh, waste management is an important issue. Since it is a small over-populated country , strict government regulations regarding landfills is essential. Expansion of ceramic industries is considered to be one of the potential sectors for the economic growth of Bangladesh. However, raw material cost per unit production is the prime concern for industrialists. Utilization of rice husk (RH) for industrial purposes is found to be an effective solution associated with both waste disposal and financial concerns. Since, RH is a rich source of silica, it could substitute quartz used in ceramic industries. Availability of RH in Bangladesh makes it more suitable for manufacturing applications. Hence, in the present work we focused on the synthesis and characterization of porcelain body by incorporating 25% rice husk ash (RHA) as a substitute of quartz and evaluation of structure-property relationship by means of temperature. Three different calcination temperatures (700, 800 and 900oC) were chosen for the conversion of rice husk (RH) to rice husk ash (RHA). True density measurement and phase identification of RHA was conducted to ensure the quality of raw material. Calcination at 900oC for 3 hours provided the preferred quality of RHA. Green samples for the porcelain body were prepared by a homogenous mixture of clay, feldspar, quartz and RHA, followed by densification at 950, 1050 and 1150oC for constant soaking time of 1 hour. The effect of calcination as well as sintering profile on the densification of porcelain body was assessed. Finally physical, mechanical and morphological characterizations were done. The investigation revealed that 1050oC as the optimum sintering temperature for 25% quartz substituted product.
    Keywords: Porcelain Body, Rice Husk, SEM, Sintering, XRD
  • D. Rajeev, D. Dinakaran, N. Kanthavelkumaran, N.Austin Pages 32-37
    The tool wear is an unavoidable phenomenon when using coated carbide tools during hard turning of hardened steels. This work focuses on the prediction of tool wear using regression analysis and artificial neural network (ANN).The work piece taken into consideration is AISI4140 steel hardened to 47 HRC. The models are developed from the results of experiments, which are carried out based on Design of experiments (Response surface methodology). The cutting speed, feed and depth of cut are taken as the inputs and the wear is the output. The results reveal that the ANN provides better accuracy when compared to Regression analysis.
    Keywords: AISI4140, ANN, Hard Turning, Regression
  • I. Tadayoni Navaei, B. Zafarmand Pages 38-44
    In this research we have implemented the Random Vortex Method to calculate velocity fields of fluids inside open cavities in both turbulent and laminar flows. the Random Vortex Method is a CFD method (in both turbulent and laminar fields) which needs the Schwarz-Christoffel transformation formula to map the physical geometry into the upper half plane. In some complex geometries like the flow inside cavity, the Schwarz-Christoffel mapping which transfers the cavity into the upper half plane cannot be achieved easily. In this paper, the mentioned mapping function for a square cavity is obtained numerically. Then, the instantaneous and the average velocity fields are calculated inside the cavity using the RVM. Reynolds numbers for laminar and turbulent flows are 50 and 50000, respectively. In both cases, the velocity distribution of the model is compared with the FLUENT results that the results are very satisfactory. Also, for aspect ratio the cavity (α) equal 2, the same calculation was done for Re=50 and 50000. The advantage of this modelling is that for calculation of velocity at any point of the geometry, there is no need to use meshing in all of the flow field and the velocity in a special point can be obtained directly and with no need to the other points.
    Keywords: Numerical simulation, Open cavity, Random vortex method, Turbulence Models
  • H. Van Hoten, Gunawarman, I. Hari Mulyadi, A. Kurniawan Mainil, P. Bismantolo, Nurbaiti Pages 45-49
    This research is about manufacture nanopowder Bioceramics from local materials used Ball Milling for biomedical applications. Source materials for the manufacture of medicines are plants, animal tissues, microbial structures and engineering biomaterial. The form of raw material medicines is a powder before mixed. In the case of medicines, research is to find sources of biomedical materials that will be in the nanoscale powders can be used as raw material for medicine. One of the biomedical materials that can be used as raw material for medicine is of the type of bioceramics is chicken egg shells. This research will develop methods for manufacture nanopowder material from chicken egg shells with Ball Milling using the Taguchi method and ANOVA. Eggshell milled using a variation of Milling rate on 150, 200 and 250 rpm, the time variation of 1, 2 and 3 hours and variations the grinding balls to egg shell powder weight ratio 1: 6, 1: 8, 1: 10. Before milled with Ball Milling crushed eggshells in advance and calcinate to a temperature of 900oC. After the milled material characterization of the fine powder of eggshell using SEM to see its size. The result of this research from analyzing the parameter contribution process to size measure of chicken's eggshell powder. Milling speed, milling time and ball to powder weight of ratio have contribution successively equal to 60.82%, 30.76% and 6.64% by error equal to 1.78%.
    Keywords: Eggshell, Ball Milling, nanopowder, bioceramics, Taguchi, ANOVA
  • Y. Karimi, S. Rashahmadi, R. Hasanzadeh Pages 50-57
    The Newmark method is an effective method for numerical time integration in dynamic problems. The results of Newmark method are function of its parameters (β, γ and ∆t). In this paper, a stationary mode I dynamic crack problem is coded in extended finite element method )XFEM( framework in Matlab software and results are verified with analytical solution. This paper focuses on effects of main parameters in Newmark method for dynamic XFEM problems. Also use of the response surface method (RSM) a regression model is presented for estimating error of dynamic stress intensity factors (DSIF) with high validity according to results of analysis of variance (ANOVA). This work enables one to understand the effect of Newmark parameters on error of DSIFs and to find optimum β and γ for a determined number of time steps (N). This procedure is highly effective in order to manage the computational cost and enhance the accuracy at the desired domain. The effect of the considered parameters on error, is investigated using RSM in Minitab software and optimum state for minimization of errors is illustrated.
    Keywords: Dynamic XFEM, Time integration, Newmark method, Response surface method, Error
  • S. Parkhe, Annamalai K. Pages 58-64
    Pressure vessel is a container used to store fluids under pressure and temperature. The fluids can be air, water, chemicals, fuel, gases etc. are most commonly used in food and chemical industries, oil refineries and so on. Pressure vessel is subjected to thermal and structural loads for power plant applications. Since the pressure vessel are subjected to both structural and thermal loads stresses, the design of pressure vessel was done using standard code and design methods. In this paper a design methodology is developed for pressure vessel used in Coker Blow-down application based on ASME Section VIII, Division 1 design code. The design methodology has been developed and the same is verified with numerical method so that it will not fail in case of variable pressure and temperature condition. The modelling has been done using SolidWorks-2015 and analysis is done using ANSYS.
    Keywords: Pressure Vessel, FEA, Fatigue Analysis, Structural analysis, Thermal analysis, Fatigue life etc
  • M. R. Ashory, F. Talebi, H. Roohi Ghadikolaei Pages 65-70
    In this study, the stirring mechanism of shear-thinning fluids benefiting from four blades in turbulent flow is considered. The fluid is studied inside a stirred cylindrical tank with a flat bottom. The height of fluid is equal to the cylinder’s diameter and the impeller is positioned centrally. A CFD simulation has been carried out and three-dimensional turbulent flow is numerically analyzed using the Shear Stress Transport k-ω (k- ω SST) model. The parameters related to power consumption including attack angle and flow index were studied. The power consumed during the mixing of the shear thinning liquids under a specific Reynolds number and attack angle is less than that consumed when the fluid used is water, which is a Newtonian fluid. As the power law index decreases, the corresponding power consumption also declines. At a certain attack angle and power law index, an increase in the Reynolds number first significantly decreases power consumption; beyond a given range, the consumption plateaus. To validate the numerical simulation results, the findings derived on the basis of the power number used in this work were compared with the test results of other studies, and good agreement was observed.
    Keywords: Turbulent flow, Power consumption, Mixing vessel, Shear thinning fluid, Blade attack angle
  • D. Bensahal, A. Yousfi Pages 71-78
    The effect of the volume flow rate of the heat transfer fluid (air) on the thermal parameters of the solar air collector with a single air pass without using fins under the absorbing plate have been investigated experimentally and theoretically. We use a new design of solar air collector which aims to optimize these parameters in the region cited above. Our solar air collector was realized at the mechanical workshop at the University of Laghouat, Algeria. We chose five different volume flow rates for five different days. This study shows the evolution of the thermal parameters of the solar air collector as function of the local solar time (Lst) such as: absorber temperature, temperature of the bottom plate, outlet temperature, ambient temperature, solar irradiation intensity and efficiency for a tilt angle of solar collector equal 36.7o. We observe clearly that the daily efficiency and the outlet temperature of our solar air collector increase with increasing of the flow rate (η =8.72% ~ 28.82 % , 60oC ~ 70 oC) exceptly for flow rates 3 and 4 (partial sky condition). The average temperature of bottom plate, the transparent cover and absorber temperature decrease such as: (73 °C ~ 64 °C, 66.5°C ~ 45.09°C, 128°C ~ 124°C) when the volume flow rate is increasing.We observe a good agreement between the values obtained theoretically and those obtained experimentally except for the volume flow rates 3 and 4 (partial sky condition).
    Keywords: Volume Flow Rate, Solar Air Collector, Temperature, Efficiency
  • M. E. Kazemian, S. Ebrahimi-Nejad, M. Jaafarian Pages 79-87
    To control the quality of reverse osmosis (RO) product water and reduce operational costs and environmental impacts by increasing the system’s energy efficiency, it is necessary to identify the influence of process parameters on energy consumption and permeate water quality. This paper introduces a case study focused on the application of Design of Experiments (DOE) method in an industrial-scale RO desalination plant. In this study, energy consumption and permeate water salinity are formulated in terms of system design (the number of membranes and system recovery rate) and flow parameters (feed water flow rate, alkalinity, thermal effects, and salinity). Findings indicate that energy consumption decreases by increasing feed water temperature and the number of membranes. Moreover, increasing feed water flow rate and alkalinity leads to higher quality permeate water (lower salinity), whereas, increasing the number of membranes and system recovery rate and higher feed water temperature and salinity, increases the salinity of permeate water. The findings provide insight into the RO process features and can help designers and operators achieve a higher energy efficiency and better performance in the design and operation of RO units and the presented solution can be built into systems for comprehensive techno-economic evaluation of RO-based processes to consider changes in effective parameters.
    Keywords: Desalination, Reverse Osmosis, Design of Experiment (DoE), Performance, Permeate Salinity, Specific Energy Consumption (SEC).
  • M. Oraon, V. Sharma Pages 88-95
    In this study, an artificial neural network was used to predict the minimum force required to single point incremental forming (SPIF) of thin sheets of Aluminium AA3003-O and calamine brass Cu67Zn33 alloy. Accordingly, the parameters for processing, i.e., step depth, the feed rate of the tool, spindle speed, wall angle, thickness of metal sheets and type of material were selected as input and the minimum vertical force component was selected as the model output. To train the model, a Multilayer perceptron neural network structure and feed-forward backpropagation algorithm have been employed. After testing many different artificial neural network (ANN) architectures, an optimal structure of the model i.e. 6-14-1 was obtained. The results, with a correlation relation between experiments to predicted force,-0.215 mean absolute error, show a very good agreement.
    Keywords: SPIF, Input variables, ANOVA, Vertical force component
  • S. Najafi, S. Dowlati, G. Rezazadeh, S. Azizi Pages 96-103
    Thermo-elastic damping is a significant dissipation mechanism in high quality factor microstructures. In this paper, thermo-elastic damping of the in-plane vibration of fully clamped rectangular micro-plates has been studied. The governing equation of the micro-plate motion and heat conduction equation were derived. Then, The Galerkin method has been used to solve the coupled heat-displacement equations. Eventually, considering the micro-plate of various materials, the effects of geometrical parameters including the length and width of micro-plate and also ambient temperature on the thermo-elastic damping quality factor have been investigated.
    Keywords: In-plane vibration, Thermo-elastic damping, Quality factor, rectangular micro-plate.
  • K. Priya Jhanji, R. Amit Kumar, Pvn Likhith Pages 104-109
    Use of composites for a range of structural application in aircrafts, space-crafts, automobiles, etc., has widely spread in the last few years. Other than weight reduction, cut-outs provide pathways to link different aircraft parts. In this paper, an experimental investigation was conducted to study the effect of a cut-out on the tensile strength of the fiber glass/ epoxy composite plate. Geometry of the cut-out is one of the important factors which can critically alter the mechanical properties. So, cut-outs with various geometrical shapes such as square and circle were introduced in the fiber glass/ epoxy composite plate and tensile tests were performed under ambient conditions. It was determined from the tests that specimens with circular cut-out have higher tensile strength as compared to specimens with square cut-out.
    Keywords: Composites, Cut-outs, stress concentration, mechanical properties, tensile strength
  • E. Poursaeidi, M. Kamalzadeh Yazdi Pages 110-119
    Different problems may cause distortion of the rotor, and hence vibration, which is the most severe damage of the turbine rotors. Different techniques have been developed for the straightening of bent rotors. The method for straightening can be selected according to initial information from preliminary inspections and tests such as nondestructive tests, chemical analysis, run out tests and also a knowledge of the shaft material. HIP turbine rotors operate in a specific temperature range. Among many problems that occur during the service life of rotor few important issues are temper embrittlement, creep, thermal fatigue, corrosion, and local distortions. According to test results, hot spot straightening method was studied. Experimental studies were carried out at 16 stages. The experimental results showed that selecting a large hot spot area will not lead to the required straightness, but by reducing the heating area, the heating time decreased, and the straightening process achieved a satisfactory amount of reverse deflection. Heating the overlapped areas produces undesirable effects, such as local residual stress and/or hardness and cracks; moreover, it is not effective in straightening. Use of the finite element method before practical hot spotting is recommended to achieve satisfactory results.
    Keywords: Hot Spotting, Rotor straightening, FEM, Experiments, Annealing, Distortion
  • D. Srinivasacharya, P. Jagadeeshwar Pages 120-127
    This article investigates the influence of cross-diffusion on the viscous fluid flow over a porous sheet stretching exponentially by applying the convective thermal conditions. Velocity slip at the boundary is considered. The numerical solutions to the governing equations are evaluated using successive linearisation procedure and Chebyshev collocation method. It is observed from this study that the rate of heat transfer escalated with enhance in the Biot number and reduced with increase in dufour number. While, the rate of mass transfer from the sheet to the fluid reduced with increase in both soret and Biot numbers. Finally, the obtained results for rate of heat transfer are compared with the published results in the literature for special cases. The influence of the pertinent parameters on the physical quantities are displayed through graphs.
    Keywords: Heat, Mass transfer, Soret, Dufour, Convective Thermal Condition
  • H. Bagheri-Esfe, M. Dehghan Manshadi Pages 128-135
    In the present paper, a supersonic wind-tunnel is designed to maintain a flow with Mach number of 3 in a 30cm×30cm test section. An in-house CFD code is developed using the Roe scheme to simulate flow-field and detect location of normal shock in the supersonic wind-tunnel. In the Roe scheme, flow conditions at inner and outer sides of cell faces are determined using an upwind biased algorithm. The in-house CFD code has been parallelized using OpenMp to reduce the computational time. Also, an appropriate equation is derived to predict the optimum number of cores for running the program with different grid sizes. In the design process of the wind-tunnel, firstly geometry of the nozzle is specified by the method of characteristics. The flow in the nozzle and test section is simulated in the next step. Then, design parameters of the diffuser (convergence and divergence angles, area of the throat, and ratio of the exit area to the throat area) are determined by a trial and error method. Finally, an appropriate geometry is selected for the diffuser which satisfies all necessary criteria.
    Keywords: Geometrical Design, OpenMp, Recovery Factor, Roe Scheme, Supersonic Wind-tunnel
  • G. Thakur, G. Singh, M. Thakur, S. Kajla Pages 136-143
    Shell and Tube heat exchangers are the heat exchangers that are most widely used in industries and for other commercial purposes. There are many techniques that have been utilized to enhance the heat transfer performance of the shell and tube heat exchangers. Air bubble injection is one of the promising and inexpensive techniques that can create turbulence in the fluids resulting in to enhancement of heat transfer characteristics of the shell and tube heat exchangers. In this paper, experimental study of heat transfer characteristics have been done by injecting air bubbles at tube inlet and throughout the tube for 0.1%v/v and 0.2%v/v Al2O3 nanoparticle concentration. Results obtained at two different injection points for both concentrations are compared with the case when no air bubble injection is done. The results showed the enhancement in the heat transfer characteristics with air bubble injection and volumetric concentration of nanoparticles. The maximum enhancement was found to be in the case where air bubbles are injected throughout the tube which is followed by the air bubble injection at the tube inlet and without air bubble injection. As the bubbles were injected throughout the tube, approximately 22-33% enhancement was observed. The overall heat transfer coefficient with injecting air bubbles throughout the tube showed an enhancement of about 12-23% and 14-25% for 0.1% and 0.2% of nanofluids.
    Keywords: Shell, Tube heat exchanger, Nanofluids, Heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number
  • H. Zolfaghary Azizi, M. Naghashzadegan, V. Shokri Pages 144-156
    In this paper, a numerical study is conducted in order to compare hyperbolic range of equations of isotherm two-fluid model governing on two-phase flow inside of pipe using conservative Shock capturing method. Differential equations of the two-fluid model are presented in two forms (i.e. form I and form II). In forms I and II, pressure correction terms are hydrodynamic and hydrostatic, respectively. In order to compare, the hyperbolic range of equations of two-fluid model is presented in two forms. One case (water Faucet Case) in the vertical configuration and two other cases (i.e. Large Relative Velocity Shock Tube Case and Toumi’s Shock Tube Case) in the horizontal configuration were used. The form I of two-fluid model had broader range of well-posing than form II of two-fluid model. The form I of two-fluid model has coefficient that proper selecting of this coefficient ensures hyperbolic roots of the characteristic equation, but in form II, roots of the characteristic equation did not have this capability.
    Keywords: two-phase flow, two-fluid model, numerical simulation, hyperbolic analysis
  • C. S. Choudhari, S. N. Sapali Pages 157-163
    This paper presents environment friendly refrigerant R290 as a solution to the environmental concerns like depletion of ozone layer and rise in global warming because of wide use of synthetic refrigerants R22 and R134a. The water cooler is the widely used refrigeration application in warm climatic countries. Refrigerant R22 and R134a are predominantly used refrigerants in water cooler refrigeration systems. These refrigerants are to be phased out as per the international agreements, Kyoto and Montreal protocol. This experimental study investigates the applicability of the environment friendly refrigerant R290 for applications, especially in warm climate sub-tropical and tropical countries like India. A water cooler test facility of a nominal cooling capacity 1.5 kW is especially designed, developed for R290 and its performance is investigated at different operating conditions. Performance parameters like cooling capacity, discharge gas temperature and coefficient of performance are analyzed. Results showed that compressor energy consumption and discharge gas temperatures are lower for the water cooler refrigeration system. The overall performance of the especially developed system for water cooler application proved that R290 can be a better alternative refrigerant with respect to energy efficiency and greenhouse impact as a replacement to R22 and R134a.
    Keywords: COP, Experimentation, Refrigerant R290, Water Cooler
  • S. Singh, S. Angra Pages 164-172
    Fibre metal laminates (FMLs) have appeared as the most suitable materials for shipbuilding, aeronautical and aerospace applications due to their superior mechanical properties over traditional materials. In this paper, degradation in flexural and impact properties of glass fibre/epoxy composite (GF/E composite) and stainless steel glass fibre/epoxy fibre metal laminate (SS FML) due to hygrothermal conditioning has been investigated for marine applications. Hand lay-up process was used for specimen preparation according to ASTM standards. Distilled water and seawater were used for hygrothermal conditioning at 40°C and 70°C for three months. The three point bend test was performed on universal testing machine using a three point bend fixture. The pendulum type impact testing machine was used to perform Izod impact test. Due to the preventive action of outer stainless steel layers against moisture ingestion, the reduction in mechanical properties of SS FML was less as compared to GF/E composite. SS FML and GF/E composite exhibited low moisture absorption rate in seawater at both temperatures as high salt content in seawater reduces the moisture diffusion process into the composite matrix.
    Keywords: Fibre metal laminate, Strength degradation, Mechanical properties, Hygrothermal conditioning, Moisture diffusion, Delamination
  • M. Jamshidi, M. Osanloo Pages 173-180
    In multi-element deposits, different blocks are blended together to create a product with a predetermined quality. Generally, blending aims to obtain a special quality and quantity based on determining the processing plant or customer needs. However, blending causes different products based on the deposit properties. Thus, a block is blended with others to create one of many possible products. The present study aims to develop a mixed integer programming model for the production scheduling of iron ore mines. The model can consider different destinations for mine blocks. Each destination has its own specifications for the main element (Fe) and other existing elements such as sulfur and phosphorous. For this purpose, ten different scenarios were evaluated to investigate the effect of multiple products on production scheduling and Net Present Value (NPV) of the related project. Among the four selected scenarios, the mine was scheduled based on single product while multiple products were considered in scheduling in other scenarios. Based on the results, the maximum NPV in scenarios with multiple products is approximately 15% higher than that of the single product scenarios.
    Keywords: Iron ore, Blending, Multiple product, Production scheduling, MIP
  • S. S. Tabatabaee Moradi, N. I. Nikolaev, E. L. Leusheva Pages 181-187
    Cementing of the casing pipes inside the wellbore is considered as one of the most expensive and difficult operations during the well construction process. A low quality cementing job leads to further repair operations, which are usually costly and time-consuming to conduct. Polymer cements are being used for decades in the oil and gas industry due to their improved properties such as sedimentation stability, flexural strength and adhesion. Furthermore, these cements are characterized by improved pore structure, decreased slurry density, decreased porosity and controllable rheological parameters. In this research, a single domestic polymer is added as a cement modifying agent. Domestic additive are easier to buy in the market and are usually cheaper than the imported additives. In addition, using a single additive leads to a simplified logistics operation. Results of the experimental investigations on the main properties of the developed cement systems show that using the proposed polymer in the proper concentration leads to an optimum flow-ability and pump-ability of the slurry, reduced cement water loss, increased strength characteristics and improved adhesion properties of the set cement.
    Keywords: Well construction, Cement, Polymer additive, Multi-functional additive