نشریه اصول بهداشت روانی
سال نوزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 76، آذر و دی 1395)

Researches have shown that social safeness is a transdiagnostic vulnerability factor in a wide range of psychological problems. Therefore it seems to be necessary that researchers and clinicians consider this component in their investigations. To achieve this, the first step is to prepare an appropriate measure for evaluating this construct. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Persian version of the Social Safeness and Pleasure Scale (SSPS).
Translation-back translation was done to prepare the Persian version of SSPS. A convenience sample of 521 students from three universities in Tehran was examined in 2015-2016. To investigate the validity of the scale, construct validity (via exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis) and divergent validity were used. Therefore, the total sample was split randomly to two samples of 300 subjects (for exploratory factor analysis) and 221 subjects (for confirmatory factor analysis). For investigation of reliability, Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability coefficient were used.
Exploratory factor analysis of SSPS’s items showed a single factor structure and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed this structure. Cronbach's alpha was 0.91 and test- retest reliability coefficient was 0.82. The divergent validity was verified by calculating the correlation between SSPS and IIP, BDI-II, and SPIN.
It seems that the Persian version of the Social Safeness and Pleasure Scale has adequate validity and reliability.

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between self-regulation and personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) with job stress in University of Isfahan employees.
This study has a descriptive correlational design. The statistical population was employees (1217) working at university of Isfahan during 2015. 200 individuals were selected through multistage random sampling. Self-Regulation Questionnaire (Brown, Miller, Lawendowski, 1999), NEO Five-Factor Inventory (Costa and McCrae, 1990), and Job Stress Questionnaire (Davis, Robbins and McKay, 1991) were used to collect data. Pearson’s correlation, simultaneous regression, and independent t-test were used to analyze data.
The results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between job stress with self-regulation and four traits of personality (extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) (P Regarding the role of self-regulation, neuroticism, and extraversion in job stress; it may be advised to allocate jobs in accordance with these individual characteristics, so that we can reduce the level of job stress and increase the level of mental health.

Comprehensive neuropsychological assessment considers symptoms in an individual, based on the understanding of structure and function of the brain, and can lead to a better understanding of the symptoms, and eventually more effective treatment recommendations. The aim of this research was to study and compare the neuropsychological character and theory of mind as well as the correlation between them in ADHD and normal children.
This was a casual-comparative study. 25 ADHD children were selected through convenience sampling and 25 normal children were selected through cluster sampling. Finally, the Connors Neuropsychological Inventory and Theory of Mind Test were applied to assess the participants. The data were analyzed through multivariate, t test, and Pearson correlation.
Our findings showed that there is a significant difference between these two groups in terms of the theory of mind and the three subscales of the neuropsychological inventory (attention problem (P=0.001), executive function (P=0.0001), and reading function (P=0.027). ADHD children had lower efficiency than normal children did in theory of mind (P=0.009) and the three subscales of the neuropsychological inventory. However, there was no correlation between neuropsychological characteristics and theory of mind in ADHD and normal children.
It can be concluded that neuropsychological tests can be used as a complement to behavioral tests for diagnostic assessment of ADHD children. In addition, it was observed that ADHD children require rehabilitations program focused on academic performance, attention problems, and reading performance, as well as theory of mind. Hence, the necessary measures should be taken for these children.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood disorders that can often continue through adolescence and adulthood. Different treatment methods have been used so far for treating this disorder. In recent years, mindfulness-based treatment approaches have attracted the attention of researchers. This research aims to investigate the effect of mindfulness-based treatment on the symptoms of ADHD and mindfulness score in adolescents suffering from ADHD.
The present research is a clinical trial research with pretest-posttest design and control group (IRCT code: IRCT2016011826079N1). The study sample included 30 female first and second grade high school students in Gonabad suffering from ADHD. The tools used in the research included clinical interview, SNAP-IV Parent Rating Scale, and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale. The experimental group received eight 90-minute sessions of mindfulness-based treatments and the control group was assigned to a waiting list. The data was analyzed through descriptive statistics and univariate analysis of covariance by SPSS version 20 software.
According to our findings, the experimental group reported fewer symptoms of ADHD in posttest (P The results of the research show that mindfulness-based treatment improved the symptoms of ADHD and mindfulness in adolescents suffering from ADHD.

Numerous studies have been so far conducted on the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and clinical symptoms. Considering this issue, the present study aimed to compare early maladaptive schemas in major depressive disorder with and without psychotic features.
The statistical population of this research comprised patients with major depressive disorder in the psychiatric hospital in Arak in the year 2014-15. To this end, 60 patients suffering from major depressive disorder and 30 patients with major depressive disorder with psychotic features were selected through simple random sampling method. For data collection, Young Schema Questionnaire and Symptom Checklist-90-R were applied. Data were analyzed through discriminated function analysis and ANOVA tests by SPSS software.
Our findings demonstrated that maladaptive schemas of defectiveness/shame, failure to achieve, social isolation, dependence/ incompetence, Subjugation, and self-control/ inadequate self-discipline in patients with major depressive disorder with psychotic features are more prominent than in patients suffering from major depressive disorder without psychotic features (P With regard to the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and clinical symptoms in major depressive disorder, it can be concluded that maladaptive schemas play a role in the formation of psychopathology in individuals.

The aim of this research was to study the predictive model of symptoms of social anxiety based on behavioral inhibition and cognitive factors. The research hypothesis is that behavioral inhibition, as a temperamental factor, along with cognitive factors lead to social anxiety symptoms.
This is a cross-sectional study (2012-13). Number of 408 students were selected through random sampling. They completed the following questionnaires: Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), Behavioral Inhibition Scales (AMBI and RMBI), Focus of Attention Questionnaire (FAQ), and Consequences of Negative Social Events Questionnaire (CNSEQ). Data were analyzed through multiple regression method by SPSS software version 16.
All of the variables were correlated with social anxiety significantly (P These results may be used as a tool for screening and prediction of social anxiety in students. Also, according to the effect of cognitive factors on the development of social anxiety, we can train the children in cognitive skills in order to prevent social anxiety. In addition, we can use these skills in treatment.

The present study examines the Influence of group stress management skills training on ambiguity tolerance on parentless and poorly parented adolescent girls.
This clinical study is implemented by pretest, post-test design and a control group. Statistical community included all of the parentless and poorly parented adolescent girls that are under the support of Mashhad Welfare Organization. Among them, 30 girls were selected through multiphase cluster sampling. They were divided in two groups randomly: experimental group (15 girls) and control group (15 girls). We used Ahmadpour's Ambiguity Tolerance Questionnaire in order to collect the data. The experimental group attended in 12 sessions of stress management skills training that lasted 100 minutes; while the control group had no training program. The data were analyzed through covariance analysis by SPSS software.
Our findings showed that group stress management skills training has a significant positive influence on ambiguity tolerance (total score and 5 subscales of 7 subscales) of parentless and poorly parented adolescent girls. The influence of training program on avoidance of aesthetic ambiguity and avoidance of anarchy wasnt statistically significant.
It seems that group stress management skills training has a significant influence on the ambiguity tolerance of parentless and poorly parented adolescent girls.

According to the focus of positive psychology as a new approach in perception of mental wellbeing and prediction of effective factors, the present study aimed to assessment of proportion of attachment styles in prediction of college students’ happiness.
The statistical community of this correlative study concluded all of female students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in academic year of 2013-2014. Number of 357 participants according to Morgan formula selected via randomized method. They fulfilled the questionnaires of happiness and attachment styles. Data analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson coefficient and regression analysis.
The findings indicated that there was positive and significant relation between happiness and safe attachment style (P=0.001 and r=0.44) on the other hand there were negative and significant relations between happiness and avoidance and ambivalent attachment styles (P=0.01, r= -0.25 and P=0.05, r= -0.19 respectively). Also among 3 attachment styles, only safe attachment style can predict students happiness (P=0.001 and Beta=0.36) so one score increase in score of safe attachment style can predict 0.36 increase of happiness score.
According to the importance of happiness and the role of safe attachment style in prediction of happiness, safe and deep parent-child emotional relationship in childhood is recommended.