فصلنامه روانشناسی
سال هجدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 71، پاییز 1393)

In this research investigates the biological and non-biological dimensions of personality in order to differentiate depression and anxiety in a more exact way and present an integrative and comprehensive view of the two dimensions. Two groups of 35 participants who have traits of above average depression and anxiety (without any comorbidity) equal to Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale, are examined and compared by two questionnaires: The Defense Style Questionnare (in order to estimate the amount of using defense mechanisms) and the Gary-Wilson Personality Questionnaire (in order to estimate the amount of activity of brain / behavioral system). Based on the result, there was no significant difference between the groups in respect of brain/ behavioral systems, but there were some significant differences in respect of defense mechanisms (specially denial). based on the research findings, probably the reason for the two processes differentiation is at first, the amount of using denial defense system (as an immature defense mechanism) that leads, to differently using the mature defenses which can be followed by higher or lower activity of brain/behavioral systems; and various integrations lead to different outputs like depression or anxiety traits.

The present study investigated the mediatory role of goal orientations and self- regulated learning strategies in the relationship between motivational beliefs and academic achievement. The participants were 460 students selected from high schools of Shiraz using multistage cluster sampling method. For assessing the research variables, the participants completed two measures: The Achievement Goal Questionnaire (Elliot & McGregor, 2001) and four subscale of the Motivational Strategies Learning Questionnaire (Pentritch et al, 1991). The relationships between variables were examined by a causal model. The path analysis using LISREL software, showed mediated influences of goal orientations and self-regulated learning strategies between motivational beliefs and academic achievement. So that self-efficacy indirectly and positively affected academic achievement by mediating mastery approach and performance approach goals and learning strategies. However self-efficacy exerted an indirect negative influence on academic achievement through performance avoidance goal. Also mastery avoidance goal had an indirect negative influence on academic achievement by mediating metacognitive strategies.

The present study investigate the relationship between teacher’s academic optimism and student achievement goals. For this purpose 200 high school teachers who were teaching statistics and physics courses and their 1000 of students (from each class between 5-7 students were taken) were chosen by random cluster sampling. Teachers completed the Teacher’s Academic Optimism Questionnaire and the students completed the Achievement Goals Questionnair. The data were analyzed by using step by step regression analysis. The finding indicate that teacher’s feeling of self efficacy, teacher's trust in parents and children and teacher’s academic emphasis have a significant roles in predicting the student’s mastery achievement goal, and also teacher's trust in parents and children and teacher’s academic emphasis have a significant roles in predicting the student’s performance achievement goals. The result of multivariate analysis of variance showed that there was no region difference in teacher’s academic optimism and achievement goals of student.

The aim of present survey was to study the relationship between empathy and happiness. 375 university students (200 female and 175 male student) were selected through random - stratified sampling from among university students in Malayer city and they all filled in the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Davis,1983,1994) and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (Hills & Argyle, 2002). The results showed that there was a meaningful relationship between happiness and empathy (p<0/05). Also, there was a meaningful relationship between happiness and perspective-taking, fantasy and empathy concern subscales (p<0/05). However, no meaningful relationship was observed between happiness and personal distress. On the otherhand, a meaningful differences were observed among girls and boys in perspective-taking, empathy concern and personal distress subscales (p<0/05).

The aim of present research was to study the relation between couple’s healthy communication according to Islam and relationship with God among married students of Tehran University. The instruments were the Healthy Comminucation Questionnaire and the Relationship with God Scale. 226 students (113 men and 113 women) were selected by simple random sampling method. The data were analyzed by correlational method and independent t-test. Results showed that there were significant relations between couple’s healthy communication according to Islam and its components including affective relationship (affective management), try to imporove relationships, relegious attitude about married relationship, and relationship with God. Also, significant differences were observed in couple’s healthy comminucation according to Islam and relationship with God between men and women. The results showed that women rather than men reported higher scores in relationship with God and healthy comminucation questionnaires. There was a significant difference between women and men in affective relationship component but there was not a significant gender difference in try to ipmroved relationships copmponent and in relegious attitude about marital relationship component. The results indicate that whatever relationship with God to be stronger, the healthy relationships between couple may be more healthy.

The aim of the present study was to develop a Persian version of the short form of Inventory of Interpersonal Problems and to examine its factor structure, reliability and validity. The Persian version was prepared using double-translation technique and administrated to 470 (210 males and 260 females) participants. The reliability of the Persian version was assessed via internal consistency, item-rest correlations and test-retest methods. Factor structure of scale was assessed using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Moreover, the validity of scale was calculated by correlations between subscales and criterion validity. Cronbach’s alphas (0/61 to 0/83) showed that the Persian version and its subscales possessed good internal consistency. Item scores and the total score of the corresponding subscales correlated significantly (r = 0/41 to r = 0/70) and the test-retest correlation values (0/55 to 0/71) suggested that scale is stable. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis supported the 8 factor model of the short form of Inventory of Interpersonal Problems. The degree of intercorrelation among the subscales was moderately high. Finally, with respect to correlation coefficient model between the Persian version subscales and emotional intelligence indicated relevant criterion validity.

This study investigated the relationship between integrative self-knowledge and mindfulness with marital satisfaction. For this purpose 300 subjects (150 couples) were selected via cluster sampling method among the married staff of tehran municipal organization. The procedure. The couples responded to the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, (Baer et al 2006); The Integrative Self - Knowledge Questionnaire, (Ghorbani et al 2008) and the Marital Satisfaction, (Asoodeh et al 2010). Significant positive relationships were found between mindfulness and integrative self - knowledge with marital satisfaction. There were strong correlations between mindfulness and integrative self-knowledge with marital satisfaction. Reasearch findings indicate that mindfulness skilles are effective factors marital satisfaction.