مجله روانپزشکی و روانشناسی بالینی ایران
سال هجدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 70، پاییز 1391)

This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP) on the rate of bullying behaviors among primary school boys. This research used a pretest posttesting design and 6-month follow up on subject and control groups. Using randomized multi-stage sampling, one district was chosen out of six districts of education in the city of Isfahan. Four boys primary schools were randomly selected from that district. Sociometric questionnaire was applied to all boys in grades 2-4 and 40 boys who scored highest as bullies were randomly allocated to experiment and control groups. The experiment group received 10 sessions (60 minutes, twice a week) of anti-bullying training based on the OBPP. Rea search data were collected using sociometry and Peer Relationship Questionnaire. Findings were analysed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The experiment group had significantly lower bullying and victim behaviors at posttest and 6-month follow up (p<0.0001). Also the results showed significant improvement in prosocial behaviours at posttest and 6-month follow up (p<0.0001). Anti-bullying training programs based on the OBPP can reduce the bullying problem at schools.

The aim of this study was to compare the early maladaptive schemas and parenting styles among students with love failure, with or without the clinical syndrome. Using purposive sampling and based on Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) 30 students with love failure and clinical syndrome and 30 students with love failure and without clinical syndrome were selected from University of Tabriz, and completed Young’s Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF) and Schaefer Family-Parenting Environment (SFPE). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). There was a significant difference between the groups in the early maladaptive schemas and parenting styles (p<0.05). We can predict the severity of clinical signs in romantic relationship failure on the basis of early maladaptive schemas and family of origin environment and accordingly schema therapy approach can be used in clinical and counseling centers to help these people.

This research aimed to determine the sensitivity, specificity and cutoff point of the revised version of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R) in diagnosis of learning disorders. Using a cross-sectional descriptive design and multistage cluster sampling, 45 students with learning disorders and 45 students without learning disorders completed a demographical data questionnaire and WISC-R. The data was analysed by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. The cut point 89 can differentiate children with learning disorders in 94.1% of cases with sensitivity of 71.1% and specificity of 95.6% (p<0.05). Likewise, a score of 44 in Verbal subscale, was differential in 86.7% of cases with sensitivity of 84.4% and specificity of 86.7% (p<0.05). A Performance subscale score of 44 was differential in 87% of cases with a sensitivity of 44.4% and specificity of 93.3% (p<0.05). WISC-R can be used to devise diagnostic checklists for learning disorders in children.

The aim of the present study was to examine validity, reliability and factor structure analysis of the revised version of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders-71 (SCARED-71).

After providing the Persian version of the target scale using translation and back translation, the approved version of the SCARED-71 as well as School Anxiety Inventory (SAI) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) were administered to 237 students (83 males, 154 females) of Isfahan city selected through stratified-cluster sampling.

Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest reliability coefficient were 0.93 and 0.83, respectively. The range of Cronbach’s alpha and retest reliability for the subscales were 0.57 to 0.84 and 0.61 to 0.82, respectively. Female probands reported higher anxiety scores in all subscales. Convergent and divergent validity of the SCARED-71 in correlation of the CERQ subscale were confirmed. Explanatory factor analysis revealed seven factors accounted for 43% of the total variance. This structure was confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis.

The revised version of the SCARED-71 has satisfactory validity and reliability.

The aim of this research was to introduce the Persian version of Motor Observation Questionnaire for Teachers (PMOQ-T), and evaluate its reliability and several aspects of its validity in identifying children at risk of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) in Iran. We examined discriminante validity, construct validity, concurrent validity, and internal consistency of the PMOQ-T using a sample of 505 school boys and their teachers. Teachers were asked to complete the PMOQ-T. Teachers assessments were compared to students’ performance on the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP) and Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2). PMOQ-T had a high internal consistency (Coronbach's alpha=0.91). The DCD at risk group scored significantly higher than the normal children in both BOTMP and TGMD-2. Explanatory factor analysis showed that the PMOQ-T was bi-factorial and the Persian version was compatible with the original. Finally, high correlations were observed between the PMOQ-T scores and "BOTMP (-0.75) and TGMD-2 subscales": locomotion (-0.68) and object control (-0.62). The results imply that the PMOQ-T can be considered a valid and reliable screening tool for Iranian children at risk of DCD.

The purpose of this study was to check the psychometric properties of the Persian Individual Protective Factors Index (IPFI). In the current survey, 481 high school students (243 girls) were recruited via multistage cluster sampling. Individual Protective Factors Index was prepared by translation and back translation, and then used for data gathering. Factor analysis using principle component method revealed a 4-factor structure for the IPFI, namely Social Bonding, Personal Competence, Social Competence, and Social Coherence subscales. The correlation coefficient of the Social Bonding, Personal Competence, Social Competence, and Social Coherence with total score were 0.70, 0.78, 0.67 and 0.69, respectively (p≤0.01). The respective alpha coefficients for the above dimensions were 0.86, 0.96, 0.82, and 0.82, respectively. The reliability was confirmed by the split-half method. The Persian IPFI is a valid and reliable research instrument.

This study aimed at assessing the validity and reliability of the Farsi version of Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS). In a cross-sectional study, a sample of 150 students of Payam Noor University were selected by convenience sampling. After forward and backward translations, the Farsi version of SIAS with the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation (BFNE) and the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) were used for data collection. Pearson’s correlation and independent T test were utilized to analyze data. Test-retest reliability was 0.79 (Cronbach's alpha=0.90). Also, SIAS could differentiate males and females; as expected females scored higher (p=0.035). There was a significant correlation between the SIAS and the BFNE (r=0.54, p<0.0001) and SPIN (r=0.68, p<0.0001). The Farsi version of SIAS has acceptable validity and reliability for use among the Iranian students

The aim of this study was to determine common and specific factors of anxiety and depressive disorders based on the NEO personality dimensions. Four hundred and thirteen students of Tabriz University (200 males, 213 females) selected by cluster sampling responded to the following questionnaires: NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), and Phobic Stimuli Response Scales (PSRS). The data were analysed using the confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The findings suggest a better fitness of the five-factor structure for anxiety and depressive disorders compared with the six-factor structure. The findings support the validity of only three NEO personality factors. Of various structural models evaluated, the best fitting pertained to the structure in which higher-order dimensions of neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness significantly predicted anxiety and depressive disorders. Neuroticism is a common factor between anxiety and depressive disorders, extraversion is specific to depression, and social phobia and conscientiousness are specific factors for obsessive-compulsive disorder.