فهرست مطالب

Cell Journal - Volume:20 Issue: 2, Summer 2018

Cell Journal (Yakhteh)
Volume:20 Issue: 2, Summer 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/01/20
  • تعداد عناوین: 21
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  • Wenli Zhang, Shaohua Liu, Weichen Zhang, Wei Hu, Min Jiang, Amin Tamadon, Yi Feng Page 132
    Objective
    Passive CLARITY is a whole-tissue clearing protocol, based on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) clearing, for imaging intact tissue containing transgenic or immunolabeled fluorescent proteins. In this study, we present an improved passiveCLARITY protocol with efficient immunolabeling without the need for electrophoresis or complex instrumentation.
    Materials And Methods
    In this experimental study, after perfusion of C57BL/6N mice with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and then with acrylamide-paraformaldehyde (PFA), the quadriceps femoris muscle was removed. The muscle samples were post-fixed and degassed to initiate polymerization. After removing the excess hydrogel around the muscle, lipids were washed out with the passive CLARITY technique. The transparent whole intact muscles were labeled for vessel and neuron markers, and then imaged by confocal microscopy. Three-dimensional images were reconstructed to present the muscle
    tissue architecture.
    Results
    We established a simple clearing protocol using wild type mouse muscle and labeling of vasculatures and neurons. Imaging the fluorescent signal was achieved by protein fixation, adjusting the pH of the SDS solution and using an optimum temperature (37˚C) for tissue clearing, all of which contributed to the superiority of our protocol.
    Conclusion
    We conclude that this passive CLARITY protocol can be successfully applied to three-dimensional cellular and whole muscle imaging in mice, and will facilitate structural analyses and connectomics of large assemblies of muscle cells, vessels and neurons in the context of three-dimensional systems.
    Keywords: CLARITY, Mouse, Muscle, Neuron, Vessel
  • Hamid Choobineh, Mahsa Kazemi, Mohammad Ali Sadighi Gilani, Tahereh Heydari, Saeed Shokri, Mahshid Bazrafkan, Gholamreza Hassanzadeh Page 138
    Objective
    This study evaluated the effects of exogenous testosterone molecule-1 (CADM1) pathological defect during early and chronic periods of spinal cord injury (SCI).
    Materials And Methods
    In this experimental study, testosterone was administered immediately or after one week of SCI induction. Along with quantification of CADM1 gene expression and its immunoreactivity, we evaluated sperm parameters and
    serum testosterone level post-SCI.
    Results
    Different grades of abnormalities in sperm parameters and testis architecture were observed along with significant reductions in the level of CADM1 expression and its immunoreactivity in the seminiferous tubules of both acute and chronic SCI groups. Exogenous testosterone, by compensating the serum testosterone level. reduced the percentage of apoptotic and both short head and abnormal sperm froms in the caudal epididymis. Importantly, the beneficial effects of immediate administration of testosterone were prominent. Increases in the level of CADM1 transcription and its immunoreactivity in the testis of SCI mice treated with testosterone were accompanied by improvement of sperm motility as well as testicular Johnsen’s and Miller’s criteria.
    Conclusion
    Since immediate testosterone treatment improved the immunoreactivity and transcription level of CADM1, the observed beneficial effect of exogenouse testosterone can be attributed to its effect on CADM1 dynamics.
    Keywords: Cell Adhesion Molecule, Sperm, Spinal Cord Injury, Testis, Testosterone
  • Maedeh Rouigari, Moein Dehbashi, Kamran Ghaedi, Meraj Pourhossein Page 150
    Objective
    For the first time, we used molecular signaling pathway enrichment analysis to determine possible involvement of miR-126 and IRS-1 in neurotrophin pathway.
    Materials And Methods
    In this prospective study, validated and predicted targets (targetome) of miR-126 were collected following searching miRtarbase (http://mirtarbase.mbc.nctu.edu.tw/) and miRWalk 2.0 databases, respectively. Then,
    approximate expression of miR-126 targeting in Glioma tissue was examined using UniGene database (http://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/unigene). In silico molecular pathway enrichment analysis was carried out by DAVID 6.7 database (http://david. abcc.ncifcrf.gov/) to explore which signaling pathway is related to miR-126 targeting and how miR-126 attributes to glioma development.
    Results
    MiR-126 exerts a variety of functions in cancer pathogenesis via suppression of expression of target gene including PI3K, KRAS, EGFL7, IRS-1 and VEGF. Our bioinformatic studies implementing DAVID database, showed the involvement of miR-126 target genes in several signaling pathways including cancer pathogenesis, neurotrophin
    functions, Glioma formation, insulin function, focal adhesion production, chemokine synthesis and secretion and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton.
    Conclusion
    Taken together, we concluded that miR-126 enhances the formation of glioma cancer stem cell probably via down regulation of IRS-1 in neurotrophin signaling pathway.
    Keywords: EGFL7, Glioma, IRS-1, MiR-126, Neurotrophin
  • Mohammad Reza Afarinesh, Gila Behzadi Page 157
    Objective
    The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of chronic whisker deprivation on possible alterations to the development of nitrergic neurons in the whisker part of the somatosensory (wS1) and motor (wM1) cortices in offspring with congenital hypothyroidism (CH).
    Materials And Methods
    In the experimental study, CH was induced by adding propylthiouracil to the rats drinking water from embryonic day 16 to postnatal day (PND) 60. In whisker-deprived (WD) pups, all the whiskers were trimmed from PND 1 to
    60. Nitrergic interneurons in the wS1/M1 cortices were detected by NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry staining technique in the control (Ctl), Ctl, Hypo and Hypo groups.
    Results
    In both wS1 and wM1 cortices the number of nitrergic neurons was significantly reduced in the Hypo and Hypo groups compared to Ctl and Ctl groups, respectively (P
    Conclusion
    Our results suggest that both congenital hypothyroidism and whisker deprivation may disturb normal development of the wS1 and wM1 cortical circuits in which nitrergic neurons are involved.
    Keywords: Cortex, Hypothyroidism, Nitric Oxide, Plasticity
  • Mehrafarin Fesharaki, Shahnaz Razavi, Laleh Ghasemi-Mobarakeh, Mohaddeseh Behjati, Reyhaneh Yarahmadian, Mohammad Kazemi, Hossein Hejazi Page 168
    Objective
    This study aimed to isolate and culture SADS cells, investigate their neurogenic capacity and evaluate their application for nerve tissue engineering.
    Materials And Methods
    In this experimental study, SADS cells were isolated from human adipose tissue. After 7-day treatment of SADS cells with insulin, indomethacin and isobutylmethylxanthine, neurogenic differentiation of SADS cells was investigated. During this study, Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and PCL/gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated using electrospinning and subsequently nanofibrous scaffolds were coated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). SADS cells were also seeded on nanofibrous scaffolds and neurogentic differentiation of these cells on nanofibers was also evaluated. Effect of PRP
    on proliferation and differentiation of SADS cells on scaffolds was also studied.
    Results
    Our results showed that after 7-day treatment of SADS cells with insulin, indomethacin and isobutylmethylxanthine, SADS cells expressed markers characteristic of neural cells such as nestin and neuron specific nuclear protein (NEUN) (as early neuronal markers) as well as microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and neuronal microtubule-associated (TAU) (as mature neuronal markers) while mature astrocyte maker (GFAP) was not expressed. MTT assay and SEM results showed that incorporation of gelatin and PRP into the structure of nanofibrous scaffolds has a significant positive influence on the bioactivity of scaffolds. Our results also showed neurogentic differentiation of SADS cells on scaffolds.
    Conclusion
    Our results demonstrated that SADS cells have potential to differentiate into early and mature progenitor neurons, in vitro. PCL/gelatin/PRP was found to be a promising substrate for proliferation of SADS cells and differentiation of these cells into neural cells which make these scaffolds a candidate for further in vivo experiments and suggest their application for nerve tissue engineering.
    Keywords: Differentiation, Neuron, Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering
  • Azadeh Seyedjoodaki, Fereshteh Alsahebfosoul, Nahid Eskandari, Vahid Shaygannejad, Mansour Salehi, Mohammad Kazemi, Mostafa Manian, Omid Mirmosayyeb, Mohammad Taghi Kardi Page 177
    Objective
    Inflammation of the immune system and the central nervous system has been known as an important predisposing factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Increased expression of OX40 protein (CD134) is a known factor for increased inflammation and initiation of NF-kappa-B signaling pathway in different diseases. We aimed to investigate the expression of OX40 at the transcript and serum protein levels.
    Materials And Methods
    Twenty individuals with PD and 20 healthy individuals, as controls, were enrolled in this casecontrol study. Expression of OX40 at the transcript level and serum protein levels were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays respectively.
    Results
    The mean expression level of OX40 was increased in patients but not at a significant level (P>0.05). Consistently, the mean serum concentration of OX40 showed a mild, but non-significant, increase in the patients (P>0.05).
    Conclusion
    We conclude that OX40 expression at either the transcript or protein level has no diagnostic utility in asymptomatic PD. This shows the need for clinical, cellular and interventional research to detect new robust biomarkers.
    Keywords: Neurodegenerative, OX40, Parkinson's Disease
  • Alireza Abdanipour, Behnaz Shahsavandi, Mohsen Alipour, Hadi Feizi Page 183
    Objective
    Ghrelin is a peptide which has a proliferative and antiapoptotic effect in many cells including bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Homeobox protein B4 (HOXB4) is a transcription factor involved in stem cell regeneration and survival. The aim of the study was to find out the efect of ghrelin on Hoxb4 expression in BMSCs.
    Materials And Methods
    In this experimental study, rat BMSCs were cultivated in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM). Passage three BMSCs were treated with ghrelin 100 μM for 48 hours. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out from the untreated BMSCs (B), BMSCs treated with 125 μM H2O2 (BH), BMSCs treated with 100 μM ghrelin then 125 μM H2O2 (BGH) and BMSCs treated with 100 μM ghrelin (BG) groups. For immunofluorescence, cells were incubated with an anti-HOXB4 monoclonal antibody. Primary antibodies were visualized using the Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) method. All data are presented as mean ± SEM and P
    Results
    Hoxb4 expression significantly increased in the BG compared with BH and BGH groups. Furthermore, 100 μM ghrelin, increased the mean of HOXB4 positive immunoreactive cells compared to the BH group.
    Conclusion
    Ghrelin probably enhances proliferation and viability of BMSCs through Hoxb4 upregulation. However, the signaling pathway and other biological outcomes of this effect should be elucidated in different stem cells.
    Keywords: Bone Marrow Stromal Cells, Ghrelin, HOXB4, Rat
  • Milad Ahani-Nahayati, Saeed Solali, Karim Shams Asenjan, Ali Akbar Movassaghpour Akbari, Mehdi Talebi, Milad Zadi Heydarabad, Sina Baharaghdam, Majid Farshdousti Hagh Page 188
    Objective
    DNA methylation is a well-studied epigenetic mechanism that is a potent arm of the gene expression controlling machinery. Since the hypoxic situation and the various cells of bone marrow microenvironment, e.g. mesenchymal stem cells, play a role in the in vivo and in vitro biology of leukemic cells, we decided to study the effects of hypoxia and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the promoter methylation pattern of BAX and BCL2 genes.
    Materials And Methods
    In this experimental study, the co-culture of MOLT-4 cells with MSCs and treatment with CoCl2 was done during 6, 12, and 24 hour periods. Total DNA was extracted using commercial DNA extraction kits, and sodium bisulfite (SBS) treatment was performed on the extracted DNA. Methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) was used to evaluate the methylation status of the selected genes’ promoter regions.
    Results
    The BAX and BCL2 promoters of untreated MOLT-4 cells were in partial methylated and fully unmethylated states, respectively. After incubating the cancer cells with CoCl2 and MSCs, the MSP results after 6, 12, and 24 hours were the same as untreated MOLT-4 cells. In other words, the exposure of MOLT-4 cells to the hypoxia-mimicry agent and MSCs in various modes and different time frames showed that these factors have exerted no change on the methylation signature of the studied fragments from the promoter region of the mentioned genes.
    Conclusion
    Hypoxia and MSCs actually have no notable effect on the methylation status of the promoters of BAX and CL2 in the specifically studied regions. DNA methylation is probably not the main process by which MSCs and CoCl2 induced hypoxia regulate the expression of these genes. Finally, we are still far from discovering the exact functional
    mechanisms of gene expression directors, but these investigations can provide new insights into this field for upcoming tudies.
    Keywords: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, DNA Methylation, Mesenchymal Stem Cell, Promoter Regions
  • Mohammad Houshmand, Mozhde Nakhlestani Hagh, Masoud Soleimani, Amir Ali Hamidieh, Saeed Abroun, Mahin Nikougoftar Zarif Page 195
    Objective
    In order to clarify the role of microRNAs (miRNA) in megakaryocyte differentiation, we ran a microRNA microarray experiment to measure the expression level of 961 human miRNA in megakaryocytes differentiated from human umbilical cord blood CD133 cells.
    Materials And Methods
    In this experimental study, human CD133 hematopoietic stem cells were collected from three human umbilical cord blood (UCB) samples, and then differentiated to the megakaryocytic lineage and characterized
    by flow cytometry, CFU-assay and ploidy analysis. Subsequently, microarray analysis was undertaken followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to validate differentially expressed miRNA identified in the microarray analysis.
    Results
    A total of 10 and 14 miRNAs were upregulated (e.g. miR-1246 and miR-148-a) and down-regulated (e.g. miR- 551b and miR-10a) respectively during megakaryocyte differentiation, all of which were confirmed by qPCR. Analysis of targets of these miRNA showed that the majority of targets are transcription factors involved in megakaryopoiesis.
    Conclusion
    We conclude that miRNA play an important role in megakaryocyte differentiation and may be used as targets to change the rate of differentiation and further our understanding of the biology of megakaryocyte commitment.
    Keywords: Cord Blood, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Megakryocytes, Microarray Analaysis, MicroRNAs
  • Hossein Pashaiefar, Marjan Yaghmaie, Javad Tavakkoly-Bazzaz, Seyed Hamidollah Ghaffari, Kamran Alimoghaddam, Pantea Izadi, Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh Page 204
    Objective
    Chromosomal translocations are among the most common mutational events in cancer development, especially in hematologic malignancies. However, the precise molecular mechanism of these events is still not clear. It has been recently shown that alternative non-homologous end-joining (alt-NHEJ), a newly described pathway for double-stranded DNA break repair, mediates the formation of chromosomal translocations. Here, we examined the expression levels of the main components of alt-NHEJ (PARP1 and LIG3) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and assessed their potential correlation
    with the formation of chromosomal translocations.
    Materials And Methods
    This experimental study used reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR) to quantify the expression levels of PARP1 and LIG3 at the transcript level in AML patients (n=78) and healthy individuals (n=19).
    Results
    PARP1 was the only gene overexpressed in the AML group when compared with healthy individuals (P=0.0004), especially in the poor prognosis sub-group. Both genes were, however, found to be up-regulated in AML patients with chromosomal translocations (P=0.04 and 0.0004 respectively). Moreover, patients with one isolated translocation showed an over-expression of only LIG3 (P=0.005), whereas those with two or more translocations over-expressed both LIG3 (P=0.002) and PARP1 (P=0.02).
    Conclusion
    The significant correlations observed between PARP1 and LIG3 expression and the rate of chromosomal translocations in AML patients provides a molecular context for further studies to investigate the causality of this association.
    Keywords: Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Chromosomal Translocation, LIG3, PARP1
  • Mugdha Kunte, Krutika Desai Page 211
    Objective
    Considering the bioactivities exhibited by microalgae, the effect of protein extract of Chlorella minutissimma (CP extract) was investigated on the expression of human matrix metalloproteinases-1 (MMP-1) in the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB231, and that of MMP-2 and -9 in hepatocellular cancer cell line HepG2 at different expression levels. The study aimed identification and analysis of inhibitory activity of microalgal components extracted from Chlorella minutissima against human MMPs.
    Materials And Methods
    In this experimental study, we analysed the effect of Chlorella extracts on MMP-1, -2, and -9 expression at various levels. Gelatin zymography was performed to study the inhibitory effect of Chlorella exracts on human gelatinases at the activity level, followed by western blotting to analyse the expression of all three MMPs at the protein level. The similar effect at the mRNA level along with the probable mechanism underlying inhibition of MMPs was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
    Results
    The results reveal that the treatment with CP extract decreased the mRNA expression of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 by 0.26-, 0.29-, and 0.40-fold, respectively, at 20 μg/ml concentration as well as inhibited the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by 37.56 and 42.64%, respectively, at 15 μg/ml concentration. Additionally, upregulated mRNA expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3) by 1.68-fold was seen in HepG2 cells at 20 μg/ml concentration treatment group. However, CP extract did not induce any change in the mRNA expression of the TIMP-1, -2 and -4 in HepG2 and TIMP-1, -2, -3 and -4 in MDA-MB231 cells. Activator protein-1 (AP-1)-dependent c-Jun-mediated transcriptional regulation of MMP-1, -2, and -9 was also studied to elucidate the appropriate mechanism involved in the inhibition of MMPs.
    Conclusion
    The CP extract successfully inhibited MMP-1, -2, and -9 at different expression levels through TIMP-3 upregulation and c-Jun downregulation.
    Keywords: Chlorella spp., Matrix Metalloproteinases, Microalgae, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases, Transcription Factor AP-1
  • Sara Eslamizadeh, Mansour Heidari, Shahram Agah, Ebrahim Faghihloo, Hossein Ghazi, Alireza Mirzaei, Abolfazl Akbari Page 220
    Objective
    Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The early diagnosis of colorectal tumors is one of the most important challenges in cancer management. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have provided new insight into CRC development and have been suggested as reliable and stable biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the differential expression of miRNAs at different stages of CRC searching for possible correlation with clinicopathological features to examine their potential value as diagnostic biomarkers.
    Materials And Methods
    In this case-control study, plasma and matched tissue samples were collected from 74 CRC patients at stage II-IV as well as blood samples from 32 healthy controls. After exhaustive study of the current literature, eight miRNAs including miR-200c, 20a, 21, 31,135b, 133b,145 and let-7g were selected. The expression level of the miRNAs was assayed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Statistical analysis, including t test , Mann-Whitney U, Kruskall-Wallis tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied, where needed.
    Results
    Significantly elevated levels of miR-21, miR-31, miR-20a, miR-135b, and decreased levels of miR- 200c, miR-145 and let-7 g were detected in both plasma and matched tissue samples compared to the healthy group (P0.05). ROC for tissue miRNAs showed an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.98 and P
    Conclusion
    Our results indicate that the expression levels of microRNAs are systematically altered in CRC tissue and plasma. In conclusion, detection of miR-21, miR-135b, miR-31 and miR-20a levels in the tissue might be helpful to illuminate the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC carcinogenesis and serve as tumor-associated biomarkers for diagnosis.
    Keywords: Biomarker, Blood, Colorectal Cancer, Diagnosis, MicroRNA
  • Rohiyeh Souldouzi, Mazdak Razi, Ali Shalizar Jalali, Ghader Jalilzadeh-Amin, Saeedeh Amani Page 231
    Objective
    Pulegone (PGN) is a monoterpene ketone, whose metabolites exert several cytotoxic effects in various tissues. The present study was conducted in order to evaluate the (R)-() PGN-induced alterations in ovarian aromatization, proto-oncogenes and estrogen receptorα ( ERα) and ERβ receptors expressions.
    Materials And Methods
    In this experimental study, mature albino mice were divided into experimental (received 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg PGN, orally for 35 days) and control (received 2% solution of Tween 80 as a PGN solvent, orally) groups. The mRNA levels of Erα, Erβ, p53, Bcl-2, and cytochrome p450 (Cyp19)
    as well as ovarian angiogenesis were analyzed through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical techniques, respectively. Moreover, apoptosis of follicular cells, serum estrogen and progesterone levels and mRNA damage were investigated via using terminal transferase and biotin-16-dUTP staining, electrochemilunescence and fluorescent microscopy methods, respectively.
    Results
    The PGN reduced Erα, Erβ and Cyp19 expression at 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg doses, while significantly elevating p53 and reducing Bcl-2 expression. Finally, PGN impaired ovarian angiogenesis, increased apoptosis, elevated follicular atresia and reduced serum levels of estrogen and progesterone.
    Conclusion
    Chronic exposure to PGN (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg), severely affects ovarian aromatization, protooncogenes mRNA levels and expression of ERs.
    Keywords: Apoptosis, Aromatization, Mice, Ovary, Pulegone
  • Somayeh Keshavarzi, Mohammad Salehi, Fattaneh Farifteh-Nobijari, Taher Hosseini, Sara Hosseini, Alaleh Ghazifard, Marefat Ghaffari Novin, Vahid Fallah-Omrani, Mohsen Nourozian, Ahmad Hosseini Page 244
    Objective
    We evaluated the effect of melatonin, as a potent antioxidant agent, on glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, as well as histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9), and H4 lysine 12 (H4K12) acetylation when added to oocytes culture medium.
    Materials And Methods
    In this experimental study, two in vitro and in vivo groups were used. In the in vitro group, cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) from the ovaries of B6D2F1 mice were cultured in maturation medium containing two doses of melatonin (10-9 and 10-6 M) and without melatonin [control group treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)] for 22-24 hour. The cumulus expansion and nuclear status were monitored by an inverted
    microscope. Next, COCs were isolated from the oviducts of superovulated mice and studied as the in vivo group. In in vitro and in vivo matured oocytes, GSH and ROS levels were assessed by monochlorobimane (MCB) and 2-7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) staining, respectively. Changes in histone acetylation were examined by immunofluorescent staining with specific antibodies against acetylated H3K9 and H4K12.
    Results
    The H4K12 acetylation and ROS levels were significantly higher in the oocytes matured in the in vitro group compared to the in vivo group (P
    Conclusion
    Exogenous melatonin improves the competence of mouse oocytes during in vitro maturation (IVM).
    Keywords: Glutathione, In Vitro Oocyte Maturation, Melatonin, Reactive Oxygen Species
  • Mehdi Najar, Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan, Gordana Raicevic, Hussein Fayyad-Kazan, Nathalie Meuleman, Dominique Bron, Laurence Lagneaux Page 250
    Objective
    We aimed at characterizing the transcription profiles of immunological receptors associated with the biology of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs).
    Materials And Methods
    In this experimental study, quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR) was performed to establish the transcription profiles of advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) receptor, C-type lectin receptors (CLRs, including DECTIN-1, DECTIN-2 and MINCLE), leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptors (BLT1 and BLT2) and cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) receptors (CYSLTR1 and CYSLTR2) in distinct populations of MSCs grown under basic or inflammatory conditions.
    Results
    MSCs derived from adipose tissue (AT), foreskin (FSK), Wharton’s jelly (WJ) and bone marrow (BM) exhibited significantly different transcription levels for these genes. Interestingly, these transcription profiles substantially changed following exposure of MSCs to inflammatory signals.
    Conclusion
    Collectively, for the first time, our data highlights that MSCs depending on their tissue-source, present several relevant receptors potentially involved in the regulation of inflammatory and immunological responses. Understanding the roles of these receptors within MSCs immunobiology will incontestably improve the efficiency of utilization of MSCs during cell-based therapies.
    Keywords: Advanced Glycation End-Products Receptor, C-Type Lectin Receptors, Inflammation, Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
  • Abdolkhaleg Deezagi, Samira Shomali Page 259
    Objective
    Tissue engineering today uses factors that can induce differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into other cell types. However, the problem of angiogenesis in this differentiated tissue remains an unresolved area of research interest. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of prostaglandin F-2α (PGF-2α) on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human adipose tissue derived MSCs.
    Materials And Methods
    In this experimental research, human adipose tissue was digested using collagenase. The isolated MSCs cells were treated with PGF-2α (up to 5 μg/ml) and incubated for 96 hours. Cell proliferation, secretion of VEGF and cell migration were spontaneously assayed by MTT, BrdU, ELISA, RT-PCR and scratching methods.
    Results
    Cell growth at 1.0, 2.5, 5 μg/ml of PGF-2α was not significantly reduced compared to control cells, suggesting that these concentrations of PGF-2α are not toxic to cell growth. The results of the BrdU incorporation assay indicated that, in comparison to untreated cells, BrdU incorporation was respectively 1.08, 1.96, 2.0 and 1.8 fold among cells treated with 0.1, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 μg/ml of PGF-2α. The scratching test also demonstrated a positive influence on cell proliferation and migration. Cells treated with 1.0 μg/ml of PGF-2α for 12 hours showed the highest relative migration and coverage in comparison to untreated cells. Quantitative VEGF ELISA and RTPCR results indicated an increase in VEGF expression and secretion in the presence of PGF-2α. The amount of
    VEGF produced in response to 0.1, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 μg/ml of PGF-2α was 62.4 ± 3.2 , 66.3 ± 3.7, 53.1 ± 2.6 and 49.0 ± 2.3 pg/ml, respectively, compared to the 35.2 ± 2.1 pg/ml produced by untreated cells.
    Conclusion
    Stimulation of VEGF secretion by PGF-2α treated MSCs could be useful for the induction of angiogenesis in tissue engineering in vitro.
    Keywords: Angiogenesis, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Prostaglandin F2α, Scratching, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
  • Mohammad Hassan Naseri, Hoda Madani, Seyed Hossein Ahmadi Tafti, Maryam Moshkani Farahani, Davood Kazemi Saleh, Hossein Hosseinnejad, Saeid Hosseini, Sepideh Hekmat, Zargham Hossein Ahmadi Page 267
    Objective
    The regenerative potential of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (MNCs) and CD133 stem cells in the heart varies in terms of their pro-angiogenic effects. This phase II/III, multicenter and double-blind trial is designed to compare the functional effects of intramyocardial autologous transplantation of both cell types and placebo in patients with recent myocardial infarction (RMI) post-coronary artery bypass graft.
    Materials And Methods
    This was a phase II/III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial COMPARE CPM-RMI (CD133, Placebo, MNCs - recent myocardial infarction) conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki that assessed the safety and efficacy of CD133 and MNCs compared to placebo in patients with RMI. We randomly assigned 77 eligible RMI patients selected from 5 hospitals to receive CD133 cells, MNC, or a placebo. Patients underwent gated single photon emission computed tomography assessments at 6 and 18 months post-intramyocardial transplantation. We tested the normally distributed efficacy outcomes with a mixed analysis of variance model that used the entire data set of baseline and between-group comparisons as well as within subject (time) and group×time interaction terms.
    Results
    There were no related serious adverse events reported. The intramyocardial transplantation of both cell types increased left ventricular ejection fraction by 9% [95% confidence intervals (CI): 2.14% to 15.78%, P=0.01] and improved decreased systolic wall thickening by -3.7 (95% CI: -7.07 to -0.42, P=0.03). The CD133 group showed significantly decreased non-viable segments by 75% (P=0.001) compared to the placebo and 60% (P=0.01) compared to the MNC group. We observed this improvement at both the 6- and 18-month time points.
    Conclusion
    Intramyocardial injections of CD133 cells or MNCs appeared to be safe and efficient with superiority of CD133 cells for patients with RMI. Although the sample size precluded a definitive statement about clinical outcomes, these results have provided the basis for larger studies to confirm definitive evidence about the efficacy of these cell types (Registration Number: NCT01167751).
    Keywords: Autologous Transplantation, Bone Marrow-Cells, Cell Therapy, Mononuclear Cells, Myocardial Infarction
  • Mohammad Amin Behmanesh, Hosein Najafzadehvarzi, Seyedeh Mahsa Poormoosavi Page 278
    Objective
    Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, has been considered as a possible risk factor for fertility because it induces testicular toxicity. Thus, we sought to analyze the effect of Aloe vera as plant with antioxidant properties on tissues and oxidative stress parameters in male rats.
    Materials And Methods
    In this experimental study, 50 adult male Wistar rats (200 ± 20 g) have been used in this 56 day study. Animals were completely randomized and divided into five groups: A1 (control), A2 (vehicle control), A3 (Aloe vera gel 300 mg/kg), B1 (BPA 20 μg/kg bw) and B2 (Aloe vera gel BPA). At the end of the study, the rats were anesthetized and 2 ml blood samples were obtained for evaluation of oxidative stress markers. Also, both testes were collected for histological examinations.
    Results
    BPA significantly decreased (P
    Conclusion
    According to our findings, Aloe vera gel extract can overcome the damaging effects of BPA on the reproductive system of rats and protects rats’ testes against BPA-induced toxicity.
    Keywords: Aloe vera, Bisphenol A, Rat, Testis
  • Emad Nikkhah, Reza Safaralizadeh, Javad Mohammadiasl, Maryam Tahmasebi Birgani, Mohammad Ali Hosseinpour Feizi, Neda Golchin Page 284
    Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a pleiotropic and multisystemic disorder characterized by rod-cone dystrophy, polydactyly, learning difficulties, renal abnormalities, obesity and hypogonadism. This disorder is genetically heterogeneous. Until now, a total of nineteen genes have been identified for BBS whose mutations explain more than 80% of diagnosed cases. Recently, the development of next generation sequencing (NGS) technology has accelerated mutation screening of target genes, resulting in lower cost and less time consumption. Here, we screened the most common BBS genes
    (BBS1-BBS13) using NGS in an Iranian family of a proposita displaying symptoms of BBS. Among the 18 mutations identified in the proposita, one (BBS12 c.56T>G and BBS12 c.1156C>T) was novel. This compound heterozygosity was confirmed by Sanger sequencing in the proposita and her parents. Although our data were presented as a case
    report, however, we suggest a new probable genetic mechanism other than the conventional autosomal recessive inheritance of BBS. Additionally, given that in some Iranian provinces, like Khuzestan, consanguineous marriages are common, designing mutational panels for genetic diseases is strongly recommended, especially for those with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern.
    Keywords: BBS12, Bardet-Biedl Syndrome, Mutation, Sequence Analysis
  • Farah Talebi, Farideh Ghanbari Mardasi, Javad Mohammadi Asl, Ali Lashgari, Freidoon Farhadi Page 290
    Norrie disease (ND) is a rare X-linked recessive disorder, which is characterized by congenital blindness and, in several cases, accompanied with mental retardation and deafness. ND is caused by mutations in NDP, located on the proximal short arm of the X chromosome (Xp11.3). The disease has been observed in many ethnic groups worldwide, however, no such case has been reported from Iran. In this study, we present the molecular analysis of two patients with ND and the subsequent prenatal diagnosis (PND). Screening of NDP identified a hemizygous missense mutation (p.Ser133Cys) in the affected male siblings of the family. The mother was the carrier for the mutation (p.Ser133Cys). In a subsequent chorionic amniotic pregnancy, we carried out PND by sequencing NDP in the chorionic villi sample at 11 weeks of gestation. The fetus was carrying the mutation and thus unaffected. This is the first mutation report and PND of an Iranian family with ND, and highlights the importance of prenatal diagnostic screening of this congenital disorder and relevant genetic counseling.
    Keywords: NDP, Norrie Disease, Novel Mutation
  • Oranous Bashti, Mehrdad Noruzinia, Masoud Garshasbi, Morteza Abtahi Page 293