نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال بیست و دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 123، مهر و آبان 1396)

Skin wounds are a common event in diabetes. Plants and their extracts known as phytomedicine have immense potential for the management and treatment of skin wounds. The aim of this study is investigation of effect of Nigella sativa seeds extract (NSE) on skin wound healing in male diabetic rats.
In this experimental study, 49 Wistar male rats (weighing 220-250 g) were randomly divided into seven groups of equal numbers, including: The control group that were healthy and without medication (A), healthy rats used of phenytoin 1% (B), receiver of eucerine or sham(C), diabetic rats without treatment (D), diabetic rats treated with phenytoin cream 1%(E) and diabetic groups received NSE ointment 20%(F) and 40%(G). Diabete was induced via stereptozotocin 60 mg/kg. After anesthetization by Ketamine 10% (50mg/kg) Xylazine 2% (10mg/kg), skin wound (1cm×2cm ) were done on the back of all animals and medical prescription and measuring wounds performed until perfect recovery. For histopathological studies, some biopsies were taken on different days. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Turkey’s tests.
The average healing time for D and E groups were took place in 27th and 24th days after beginning of skin wound respectively. Healing time lasted 23, 24 and 21 days respectively in control and sham and B groups. The shortest time to heal the wound were in diabetic groups received NSE ointment 20 %(18 days) and NSE ointment 40%(15 days).These two groups also had the smallest mean surface of wound. The mean of surface wound in groups that treated with nigella sativa extract showed significant difference with control group (P The results of this study showed that the best healing effect was from nigella sativa extract40% ointment. With regard to anti-inflammation and anti-microbial effects of nigella sativa, it maybe this plant has effects on wound healing process.The antioxidant compounds which present in NSE are able to accelerate the healing process compared to conventional drugs.

Seizure is a set of central nervous system disorders which appears as sudden, fleeting, recurrent and unpredictable convulsions with sensorimotor and autonomic origin. Various chemical drugs are used to treat seizure and its following convulsions. These drugs have side effects and also long term use of them causes medicinal resistance. Viola has been used in traditional medicine to cure convulsion. Ease of use of medicinal plants and their popularity has provided fertile ground for the use of them. In view of prevalence of seizure and side effects of chemical drugs such as carbamazepine, this study was carried out to compare anticonvulsant effects of viola and carbamazepine on an animal model of seizure.
Forty laboratory mice were divided into five groups: Control, carbamazepine, and viola extract in 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg doses, which were injected intraperitoneal one hour before pentylenetetrazole injection. Studied factors were: lack of animal’s responding, duration of tonic, clonic and generalized convulsions and percentage of mortality.
According to results, viola in 50 mg/kg dose was different from control group only in tonic-clonic stage and total convulsion time but 100 and 200 mg/kg groups showed significant differences from control group in all stages (p On the whole, hydro alcoholic extract of viola flower in 200 mg/kg dose can be proposed as an effective medication for preventing convulsion of animal model.

Migraine is a debilitating condition that causes numerous pain and suffering for patients. Exercise and herbal remedies recommended for the prevention and treatment of migraine. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of aerobic training and a combination of herbal supplements for 8 weeks on migraine headache indices including frequency, intensity and duration of Headache and also Symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Twenty-four female patients with migraine who are eligible to participate in the study were randomly divided in to two groups: aerobic training (n = 12) and Supplements herbal compound (n = 12).
Patients in the aerobic exercise group performed the exercise for eight weeks, three sessions per weeks and each session was 75 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity (15 minute warm-up, 45 workouts, 15 minute cool-down).
The combination of herbal supplement group received herbal capsules for eight weeks and each capsule contains 200 mg valerian and 80 mg melissa officinalis that were consumed, twice a day in the first four weeks and three times a day in the second four weeks.
Headache indices and consumption of synthetic drugs was assessed by questionnaire headache diary And the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventory was used for anxiety and depression. Data were analyzed by Kolmogrov-Smirnov, the independent and paired T-test at significance level of P≤0.05.
Test results showed that in herbal capsule group, taking eight weeks capsules caused significant reductions in headache frequency, headache intensity, consumption of synthetic drugs, Beck depression inventory scores and also Beck anxiety scores reduced but it was not significant. In addition, the duration of headache was no difference compared to before the study.
In the aerobic exercise group, eight weeks of activity caused significant reductions in headache frequency, headache intensity, Beck depression and anxiety inventory scores and consumption of synthetic drugs. But the duration of headache was unchanged. The indices of headaches, anxiety and depression were compared between the two groups and These variables were similar at baseline and end of study and no significant differences were observed.
aerobic training and a combination of herbal supplements may be an alternative treatment for migraine patients who can not tolerate the side effects of synthetic drugs or do not benefit.

The discipline of nano-biotechnology is emerging to be a most promising area of research in medicine. Recently, biological methods for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles have been attained for killing diseases. This study investigated the anti-cancer and antibacterial properties of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by Oscillatoria extract.
The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was performed by using Oscillatoria extract as a reducing and capping agent. The characterization of biosynthesized nanoparticles was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The antibacterial effect was primarily used by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using broth Macro dilution method. The cytotoxicity effect of silver nanoparticles against cell lines was investigated by using MTT assay. Also, AnnexinV/propidium iodide (PI) kit and flow cytometry technique was performed for determination of apoptotic and necrosis properties of treated nanoparticles.
The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were exhibited in the average of 30 nm and mostly spherical. Antibacterial activities revealed that the MIC value of these biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against E. coli, A. baumannii, and S. aureus was 25, 50 and 12.5 μg/ml, respectively. The data show that the biosynthesized AgNPs exert a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on viability of cells. Moreover, the flow-cytometry results reveal the 35% apoptosis in breast cancer T47D cells.
According to the result of this work, the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles have showed anticancer and antibacterial activities. It can also be investigated further to use in treatment of cancer and pathogenic bacterial infections.

Background Blood culture is one of methods to determine the microbial etiology of sepsis. but isolatin of organism is difficult because of low level of organism in blood or use of antibiotic .This study was conducted to evaluate predictive factors of positive blood culture in sepsis patients.
Materials & Methods This historical cohort study were done on 320 patients with sepsis during October 2014 to October 2015 who were admitted to the Kashan’s Shahid Beheshti Hospital. By investigation patient's medical records, demographic, clinical and laboratory data such as age, sex, history of hospitalization, temperature, blood pressure, tachycardia, tachypnea, C reactive protein (CRP )serum levels, white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) and outcomes were extracted. Chi square, Mann-Witney U and t-test were used in data analysis.
Results The mean age of patients in the group with positive cultures (case groups) was 67.93±12.12 years and in patients with negative culture (control group) was 64.67±13.87 years (p=0.03). The frequency of the underlying disease, recent hospitalization, hypotension and tachypnea in the case group was significantly more than control group. Logistic regression analysis showed that CRP serum levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and white blood cell counts in patients with sepsis are associated with blood culture results. Data was analyzed using the SPSS version 16 software.
Conclusion In this study difference between two group according to age,sex, nationality, mean temperature, tachycardia,loss of consciousness,and mortality was not significant but there was significant association between underlying disease,history of hospitaliztion,hypotension,tachpnea, CRP,ESR,WBC. And finally concluded that CRP,ESR,WBC was associated with posistve blood culture but this association was not between positive blood culture and mortality.

Diazinon (DZN) is an organophosphate pesticide that can cause male infertility via the production of free radicals. Considering the antioxidant properties of Nigella sativa (NS) seed, the effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of NS seed were investigated on spermatogenesis in toxicity induced by DZN in male wistar rats.
Thirty adult male rats were used and randomly divided into 6 groups (n=6): the negative control group received nothing, the sham group received corn oil and saline, the positive control group received DZN at a dose of 16 mg/kg body weight , the experimental groups 1 and 2 received DZN and doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight NS extract; respectively and the experimental group 3 received a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight NS extract. All of treatment was done via gavage for two months. After 2 months, sperm parameters such as sperm count, motility and morphology of sperms were evaluated and the testicular tissue sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Data were analyzed using Prism Software Version 5 and One-way ANOVA and Tukey ̕s post hoc test.
DZN (16 mg/kg) significantly decreased the number (P The results indicated protective effects of NS extract on testis tissue which may increase spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte, spermatids and the number of sperms in toxicity induced by DZN in male rats but no change sperm motility.

Intimacy is a main and basic feature in marital relations and was numerated manifest characteristics in successful marriage also communication patterns can determine marital satisfaction. The aim of this research was to determined effectiveness of collaborative couple therapy on communication patterns and intimacy of couples referring to counseling centers of Behbahan city

In this research was used from Single-case experimental design that entitled Single subject experiment and include of clinical testing.This design has different kinds(AB.ABAB, multiple baseline and changing criterion designs). In the research used nonconcurrent multiple baseline design. Unlike group comparison with a lot measure, this design concentrate on individual levels not mean differences in pre andpost test.The other advantage of this design need more less subjects.The couples complicated communication patterns and intimacy Questionnaire in baseline, treatment and follow-up stages. The method of sampling was purposive-volunteer. Statistical universes were all chaotic couples who referring to clinics in Behbahan. Three couples were selected according to include and exclude criteria. . The data analyzed with visual analysis, Clinically meaningful (reliable change index and normative comparison) and percent improvement formula,

The result showed the couples have experienced improvement in intimacy (30.95%) and communication pattern of mutual constructive (%47/05) and decrease in communication pattern mutual of demand-withdrawl (%29/57) and communication pattern of mutual avoidance (%33/64) in the treatment stage.Also analysis of data with normative comparision showed there isn’t any differernt between treated group and normal group.

The result showed that collaborative couple therapy made increase intimacy and communication pattern of mutual constructive and decreases communication patterns of demand-withdrawl and mutual avoidance and made less distess in reffering couples.

Aim and Strenuous endurance training induces oxidative stress in athlete's body. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effects of curcumin supplementation and light resistance training during endurance training on soleus muscles antioxidant capacity (SOD) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) of serum in male Wistar rats.
Material and For this experimental study, 36 healthy male Wistar rats, after 1-week familiarization (age: 9 weeks and weights: 255.62±19.99), were divided randomly into 6 groups: control (N=6), curcumin (N=6), endurance (N=6), endurance귫⊲횧 (N=6), endurance狪�梧 (N=6) and endurance狪�梧覆겊쭚鷇 (N=6). Incremental endurance training (8 weeks and 5 session a week) carried out on an animal treadmill. The speed and duration of running reached to 35 m/min for 70 min at last week. Resistance training (8 weeks and 2 session a week) carried out on vertical ladder with extra weight (30-70% BW) fixed on tail. The animals received curcumin supplement by intraperitoneal injection (8 weeks, 3 times per week, 30 mg/kg.Bw). SOD enzyme activity of skeletal muscle and serum MDA level was measured by ELISA and TBARS methods respectively. One way ANOVA were used for analysis of data.
SOD enzyme activity of soleus muscle in endurance training group (1.58±0.222 u/mg protein) was significantly (p=0.043) lower than control group (2.22±0.481). Also SOD activity of soleus muscle in End䗫 (1.87±0.172; p=0.044), End૪ (2.14±0.229; p= 0.039) and End૪﹅ (2.21±0.155; p=0.020) groups were significantly higher than endurance group. MDA level of serum in endurance training group (4.27±0.438 nmol/mg protein) was significantly (p=0.031) higher than control group (3.42±0.350) and MDA level of serum in End䗫 (3.04±0.342; p=0.023), End૪ (2.73±0.342; p= 0.000) and End૪﹅ (3.27±0.349; p=0.008) groups were significantly lower than endurance group.
Based on our results, the prolonged strenuous endurance training can induce oxidative stress and curcumin supplementation and light resistance training alone (Curcumin: SOD 35% increase and MDA 50 % decrease; Resistance training: SOD 18% increase and MDA 40% decrease) and together (SOD 39% increase and MDA 30 % decrease) could improve SOD enzyme activity and decrease the MDA levels. Thus, for those athletes who use strenuous endurance training, it could be suggest use from these supplements.

Aims: well-being psychological has been first introduced in positive psychology and viewed mental health from the perspective of efficiency and growth and not illness. Identifying peoples traits and employing snitabble models is of prime importance. The purpose of the present study was to examine relationship between personality characteristies and psychological well-being, with mediating roles of forgiveness among undergraduate students of yasoug University.
The population of this study was all of the students who were studying in 1392-93 academic year. 301 students(171 female and 129 male) were selected using multi-stage random sampling method. The research instruments were Questionnaire psychological well-being, Questionnaire Big Five(Neo) and Heartland Forgiveness Scale (SFS).
Findings: The data was analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling(SEM), using AMOS-21 and SPSS software package. The indirect effects were tested using the bootstrap procedure. results revealed there were positive and significant relationships between personality characteristies(extraversion, r=.32,pResalt indicated personality characteristies both directly and indirectly through the forgiveness related with psychological well-being .The concluding remarks of this research were discusset with regard to some previous pieces were dealt with.

Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death and debilitation worldwide. Psychological factors compose more than 50 percent of the factors affecting heart diseases. Therefore, this research has been performed aiming to investigate the relationship between religiosity, humor styles and Type- D Personality with general health in the patients with heart disease.
This study is descriptive of correlation type. The statistical population includes all patients with heart disease is the city of Yazd in the years 2015-2016. Two hundred and ten patients with heart disease were selected by available sampling method. Measurement tools are demographic characteristics questionnaire, Glark and Stark’s questionnaire with 24 items of religiosity, Martin’s 32-items questionnaire of humor, DS-14 Denollet’s short questionnaire, and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Using Pearson correlation coefficients and hierarchical regression analysis, the data was analyzed.
The results of data analysis showed that there is a positive significant relationship between the religiosity, affiliative humor style, self-enhancing humor style, and general health (P Considering that religiosity, humor styles, and Type- D Personality are among the important and affecting risk factors in the general health of patients with heart disease, by recognizing such factors, the individuals predisposed to this disease can be identified for preventative measures and helping in treatment. The change in the lifestyle of such patients can also reduce the severity of disease and its effects, and make the impacts of medical treatments more reliable.