نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال نوزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 87، تیر 1393)

It’s very important to decrease the glucose level and lipid’s serum in diabetes patients by using medicinal plants. In the present study, the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Calendula officinalis on blood glucose, LDL, HDL and total cholesterol in diabetic rats was examined. In this experimental study, thirty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, diabetic and diabetic treated with hydroalcoholic extract of Calendula officinalis (100, 150 and 250 mg/kg) groups. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. Injections were intraperitoneally (I.P). After thirty days, the blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL was measured and the data were analyzed with One-way ANOVA. The results showed that blood sugar(glucose) significantly reduced in treated diabetic groups with extract as compared to untreated diabetic group (150 & 250 mg/kg) (p<0.05).. Also LDL and Total cholesterol in the group treated with the extract decreased significantly compared to the diabetic control group (p<0.05). This study indicated that the hydroalcoholic extract of Calendula officinalis had a hypoglycemic effect and led to appropriate changes on blood lipid profiles levels in diabetic rats.

Among the problems affecting the mental health of war veterans is post traumatic stress disorder. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of Gestalt therapy on post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms on veterans of Yasuj city, Iran. The research design was based on pre-post test study with control group and a three month followed-up. The research population included veterans who were referred to Salman hospital and had been diagnosed of having PTSD. The sample included 24 veterans with PTSD which were randomly selected and divided into two groups of experimental and control (n=12). The Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Mississippi Scale (M-PTSD) administered before training for both groups was used to assess symptoms of PTSD. The experimental group was exposed to Gestalt therapy interventions in six, 90 minute weekly sessions. Both groups were conducted measurements after the first, third, fifth and seventh therapy sessions. The data were analyzed using ANCOVA. The results in the post-test stage revealed that Psychological Debriefing and behavioral interventions reduced PTSD symptoms (p<0.01), as well as, the results in followed up stage revealed that Psychological Debriefing and behavioral interventions reduced PTSD symptoms (p<0.05). Gestalt therapy technique can be used as a standard in conjunction with other treatments which can be used to improve the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder.

Infertility is one of the major issues in medical science which various chemical and herbal medicines have been used for its treatment from ancient times. Due to the side effects of chemical drugs and with regard to the cause of infertility in men is a hormonal disorder, thus, the study aimed to investigate the effect of ethanol extracts of parsley leaves performed on serum levels of pituitary - gonadal hormones.

The present experimental study was conducted on fifty adult male rats. The animals were divided into 5 groups of 10 specimens, including controls, and three sets of empirical receiving doses 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/kg ethanol extract of parsley leaves respectively. Prescriptions were done as gavage for 28 days. At the end of the test, the hearts of the animal and the serum hormones levels of testosterone, FSH and LH were measured. The Data were analyzed with t-test and Duncan and significant differences of data was considered at p = 0.05.

The findings revealed that the leaf extract of parsley caused a significant increase in FSH and LH and testosterone significantly increased at minimum and medium doses and decreased significantly in maximum dose.

Parsley leaf, having antioxidant compounds, led to the increasing of FSH and LH hormones at three doses and increasing testosterone at minimum and medium doses and decreasing at maximum dose.

Nowadays air pollution from vehicles, industry and increasing consumption of fossil fuels threatens human health and the environment. Monitoring and identifying pollutant sources are one of the basic strategies for controlling air pollution. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of air of Kashan, Iran, based on the air quality index in 2011. In the present descriptive - analytical study, the concentration of air pollutants, including O3, CO, SO2, NO2 and PM10 were determined. Index of air quality was calculated by the MATLAB R2007a software, which six groups were classified. The results indicated that the air quality index of 365 days in 2011, 179 days were clean and acceptable, but 186 days exceeded the air quality standards. Accordingly, the air quality was unhealthy for sensitive groups at 86 days, unhealthy 38 days, very unhealthy 31 days and 31 days were dangerous. O3, PM10 and CO was responsible for the largest contingent air pollution in non-standard conditions in Kashan city. Moreover, one suggestion for better estimate of the quality of the air in the city is to increase the number of pollutant measuring stations of the city.

In spite of the progress achieved in the treatment of multiple sclerosis in recent years, many patients have been less responding than optimal to existing therapies. Previous studies have determined the immuno-modulatory potential of Tretinoin. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of Tretinoin on the clinical and pathological features of multiple sclerosis mouse model. In the present study, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis was induced by immunization with MOG35-55 peptide and complete Freund's adjuvant in mice C57BL / 6. Infected mice were divided into two groups of 7 mice. 7 mice were also used as controls. Tretinoin treatment (25 mg kg other day) was initiated as clinical signs appeared (day 12). Simultaneously, the control group received only the solvent. Symptoms were recorded daily until animals were slaughtered (day 33). In order to evaluate the neuropathology, the brain tissue was taken and sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin and toluidine blue marquis methods. The data were analyzed by using Mann Whitney-U test. Administration of Tretinoin after the onset of symptoms led to significant pain relief (p < 0.05). Histological findings showed decreased parenchymal edema, cellular infiltration and demyelization and degeneration of neurons in the brain were significantly reduced compared to control mice receiving Tretinoin (p < 0.05). Tretinoin therapy, a useful strategy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, should be considered.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections, which affected the majority of community. Escherichia coli as a most frequent causative agent of UTI have high resistant rate to antibiotic therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance pattern of E. coli isolated from patients with UTI in Yasuj city. In the present descriptive study, over a 6 months period, 120 samples of E. coli were collected from patient with UTI and confirmed by biochemical tests. Susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates against 11 antibiotics carried out by disc diffusion method. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16. Among 120 isolated E. coli, the greatest resistance to cephalothin (100%) and the least resistance to imipenem (83/0%) were seen respectively. Susceptibility pattern to other antibiotics is as follow: amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (78.3%), cotrimoxazole (62.5%), tetracycline (55%), nalidixic acid (48.3%), ceftazidime (41.6%), ciprofloxacin (28.3%), gentamicin (20.8%), chloramphenicol (7.5%) and amikacin (5%). It is recommended to treat urinary tract infections by using fewer antibiotics such as Amoxicillin / Clavulanic acid and co-trimoxazole, and administration of ciprofloxacin and gentamicin should be used with caution.

One of the potential environmental hazards threatening the water resources is the influence of leachate from municipal wastes landfill.Since the Tang-e-¬Konareh drinking water wells are located downstream of landfill waste, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of landfill leachate on water quality parameters of Tang-e-¬Konareh well No.6water resource. In the present analytical study, twenty-six quality parameters of water of Tang-e¬-Konaneh well number 6 in tight and wet seasons were selected and analyzed by standard and Hach standard methods. Optional parameters included turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, chloride, fluoride, sodium, potassium, total coliform, fecal coliform, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni, respectively. The results were compared with the standards of the Iran water industry. In all of the samples from Tang-e-¬Konareh well No.6, the measured parameters were less than desirable, except lead-ion concentration and total hardness. Probably due to the fact that the concentration of these two parameters is that the groundwater flows through the bed of limestone formations and minerals leaded. In contrast, in dry seasons, most of the parameters increased due to increase of the concentration of the chemical components. According to the results, threats by water pollution and landfill waste wells downstream in Yasuj resources are predictable in the long term indirectly, therefore, necessary measures should be considered.

Family Physician Plan in health and treatment services providing a relatively new plan beginning from 2005 by ministry of health in collaboration with general health insurance office to increase people's access to comprehensive health services. One of the main problems is the lack of retention of doctors in the workplace, particularly in deprived areas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors associated with survival in the workplace of family physicians in the Kohgiloyeh and Boyer Ahmad province, Iran. In the present cross-sectional, analytical study, the target population included the total physician population practicing in health centers and cities with population under. Data collected through filling direct questionnaire and interviews and analyzed by the SPSS software and non-parametric chi – square test. Fifty-five (75%) of the physicians participating in the study were male and 18 (25%) were female. There was a significant relationship between low facilities and family Physician retaining in their work place. In addition, there was a significant relationship between accommodation facilities and retaining of family physician in work place (p < %5). There was no significant relationship between salary rate and family physician retaining in their workplace and there was also no significant relationship between pay time and stay of family physician in the workplace. Accommodating the family physician with proper facilities such as proper home leads to their retaining in their workplace in deprived areas.

colicins are a group of bacteriocins produce by Escherichia coli and act against pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli. Today, the use of colicinogenic strains as probiotic microorganisms and replace them instead of the combination of antibiotics are taken into consideration. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the different types of colicins in commensal Escherichia coli. This research was a descriptive - analytic study was performed on 120 stool samples that randomly was isolated from the commensal Escherichia coli in children referred to health centers in the Yasuj city. Firstly, E. coli isolates were determined by common biochemical tests. Then colicin gene existence was analyzed using specific primers 9. Data were analyzed by chi-square test. Of the 120 commensal E. coli in 85 cases (71%) colicin gene has been identified, so that 34/11% of samples containing a gene, 45/89% contain two genes and 20% of the samples had more than two genes. A strain was observed with six different colicin. The highest and lowest frequencies were related to colicin-coding genes IaIb and ANS4. the strains with more than one colicin gene showed a high frequency. These strains have a selective advantage for inhibition sensitive strains. The presence of colicin in the gastrointestinal tract, an important factor is to inhibit other pathogenic Escherichia coli.