نشریه انسان و محیط زیست
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 29، تابستان 1393)

This study the effects of climate change on temperature، precipitation and runoff in Bar watershed nyshabour by using outputs of Hadcm3 model under three scenarios A1B، A2 and B1 for the 2030-2010، 2065-2046 and 2099-2080 were analyzed. After the Calibration of LARS-WG model for down-scale of precipitation and temperature variable، monthy change of this for three period 2030-2011، 2065-2046 and 2099-2080 compared to the base period 2010-1971 were studied. All three scenarios almost a similar results based on decrease precipitation and increased solar radiation، minimum temperature and maximum temperature in future periods was showed. For exampel the result of A2 scenario showed annual average maximum and minimum almost 1. 1، 3. 2 and 4. 6 OC، Increase in solar radition 0. 07، 0. 3 and 0/33 mlj. m2. day and decrese in precipitiation 16. 4، 17. 6 and 31. 9 percent respectively for 2011-2030، 2046-2065 and 2080-2099 period into base period (1971-2010). Then generated variables was usege for input of rainfall – runoff IHACRES. Thus، the river flows for future periods under different scenarios was predict. For instace the result of A2 scenario showed that river flow 9، 44 and 66 percent respectively in 2011-2030، 2046-2065 and 2080-2099 periods will decrease compared to base period. In general، and according to the results of the model used in this study were observed Temperature and Precipitation in during 21 century Increase and decrease respectively that this changes، could be many negative impacts are on Nayshabour Bar river flows.

Today there is competitions between countries for obtain more income from tourism industry. Gian Springhead is the most important and valuable Springhead in Hamedan Province. This region surrounded with Northern Zagros Forests belonging to world hot spots in Iran and Anatoly. The aim of this study was determination of Tourism Climate Index of Gian Springhead using GIS in 2012. For determination of suitable time for tourist visit the Gian Springhead we use the climatic data obtaining from the nearest synoptic and climatology stations of study area and prepared the zoning maps using ArcGIS 10. Results showed that because of TCI have a high value in September and December، therefore these month are suitable situations for tourist visit the Gian Springhead. In addition for achieve to sustainable development in the tourism industry، improve and development the tourism substructure recommended.

One of the main objectives and policies of the central area of the city council''s attention to the environment and therefore have a variety of activities (such as waste management، increase of green space، jobs and industries pollutants Organizing collect animals insidious development carrying systems public transportation، provide Cooperation and participation of citizens in environmental conservation، restoration and improvement of streams، etc.) to the city to take steps towards sustainable development. This study identifies key areas of impact on the environment and achieve sustainable development of the city. Research papers and survey. Data collected by questionnaire. And were analyzed. The population of citizens of region 13 of Tehran which is based on a sample size of 400 randomly selected. This study has five hypothesis. The findings of the study، all hypotheses were confirmed. The findings suggest that the central area of urban management activities to educate citizens on environmental issues has led to the culture environment. It was also noted that the new system of urban management as a central area for the next 87 years to maintain its environmental activities، promotion of the preservation of the environment in Tehran، Note that this trend continues and can be coupled to other components necessary to achieve sustainable urban development.

Studying the status of Tehran urban parks for conservation of environment. Management in the urban parks results in environmental indices promotion; Applying the appropriate management provides the conservation of urban parks’ environment; The appropriate management results in reduction of environmental wastes in the urban parks. Sampling group: The sampling group of this study is consisted of 52 parks available in Tehran municipality Dist. 7 including all experts، managers and personnel of Deputy of Urban Affairs and Green Space، generally the sample size is 123 persons. Sample size: The sampling group of the research is consisted of 93 experts، managers and personnel of Deputy of Urban Affairs and Green Space، and 10 parks have been selected as sample randomly out of 5 studies zones in Dist. 7. The data analysis method includes two descriptive and inferential parts which has been applied aiding SPSS software، that Pierson coefficient of correlation tests have been used in this research. The findings of this research indicated that the most correlation among the variables is as follows: Applying the appropriate management provides the conservation of urban parks’ environment; the appropriate management results in reduction of environmental wastes in the urban parks; Management in the urban parks results in environmental indices promotion.

The environmental ethics based on the concept of theistic explanation could be a more comprehensive approach، providing the human interaction with the natural environment. In many verses of the Qur''an (ayah 185 Sura A''raf، verse 101 Anaam، ayah 54 of Sura A''raf، ayah 4 Sura Sajda and ayah 45 Sura Noor) is introduced، in which God is the only creator. Thus، the concept of the unity of man and nature، which is necessary for the protection of the environment in a more comprehensive framework drawn. The environmental crisis has worsened to the extent that humans and other living beings on the planet is endangered So that the representation theory of environmental ethics proper، necessary and obtain protection of the environment is considered. Using survey data from a questionnaire survey technique، the sample includ 400، the citizens of this study with stratified random sampling was done. For data analysis، descriptive statistics and tests of significance were used. The research results show that، significant positive correlation between self-responsibility، environmental ethics، religious values and variable reduction and environmental protection there. The results showed that feelings of responsibility، ethics، social and religious values on the environment and behavior affect the environment.

Many fish species are able to produce sounds to communicate with one another. The process of sound production is mostly related to swim bladder and the related musculature and skeletal systems. The diversity of the sounds produced in fish species is dependent on the structures used for sound production and the goal of sound production. The wonderful ability of fish in sound production، can be known and used in identification and conservation of the fish species and their spawning grounds.