فهرست مطالب

Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences - Volume:22 Issue: 4, 2018

Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Volume:22 Issue: 4, 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/10/07
  • تعداد عناوین: 6
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  • Fatemeh Kazemisafa* , * , Kamalaldin Jadidian , * , Zohreh Rahimi , Hamid Nomani , Azadeh Ghanbari , Gelareh Saeb , Arash Alikhani Page 1
    Background
    Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that causes many complications in the body. Oxidative free radicals affect human beta cells. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) can deactivate substances formed in oxidative stress.
    Objectives
    The present study was conducted to examine the relationship between GSTs polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to investigate the presence of GSTM1 and T1 genotypes in 176 T2DM patients and 174 healthy cases as controls.
    Methods
    Multiplex PCR was used to confirm the presence or absence of GSTT1 and M1 genotypes.
    Conclusions
    The obtained results indicated that the polymorphism of GSTM1 and GSTT1 does not affect the prevalence of T2DM in the study population.
    Keywords: Glutathione S-Transferase, Genetic Polymorphism, Oxidative Stress, T2DM
  • Leila Fozouni* , Mahdis Palang Page 2
       
    Background
    Candidiasis is a spectrum of opportunistic fungal diseases. The resistance of Candida to antibiotics is unfortunately increasing. Silybum marianum, which belongs to the Asteraceae family, is a wild plant growing in most parts of Iran.
    Objectives
    The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of Silybum marianum extract, both individually and in combination with fluconazole, on the growth of drug-resistant clinical Candida isolates.
    Methods
    Candida species isolated from 85 patients suspected of Candidisis was identified and cultured on CHROMagar Candida and API 20CAUX system. The test of susceptibility to fluconazole was performed using broth microdilution. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Silybum marianum extract and its antagonistic effects were determined using the microdilution assay.
    Results
    The highest resistance to fluconazole was reported in Candida glabrata (81.8%) and Candida albicans (72.9%). Variations in the MIC of the aqueous extract of Silybum marianum in a range of 4096 - 8 μL/mL showed that 77.8% of C. glabrata isolates and 88.6% of C. albicans isolates were resistant to fluconazole, and did not grow at a concentration of 2048 μL/mL; nevertheless, in the case of Silybum marianum extracts in combination with fluconazole, 89% of C. glabreta and 94.3% of C. albicans isolates were resistant to fluconazole, and stopped growing at concentrations of at least 128 μL/mL (P < 0.01).
    Conclusions
    The aqueous extract of Silybum marianum seeds found to present proper inhibitory effects on clinical fluconazole-resistant Candida isolates at high concentrations. Silybum marianum extract in combination with fluconazole was found to have a more potent in-vitro activity than the extract and drug individually.
    Keywords: Candida, Fluconazole, Silybum marianum Extract
  • Alireza Ahmadi , Roknedin Mehdizad , Abozar Soleimani* Page 3
       
    Background
    Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) or tropical sore is a parasitic disease, which is considered the second leading parasitic disease after malaria by the World Health Organization in terms of its reservoirs, carriers and characteristics.
    Objectives
    The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of combined fighting methods on this disease in Qasr-e-Shirin, Iran, as the indigenous region of this disease.
    Methods
    The present quasi-experimental community trial selected Qasr-e-Shirin for administering ZCL control programs in 2015 - 2016 based on the disease incidence, and compared the incidence in 2015 - 2016 with that in 2013 - 2014. This intervention comprised three parts, including fighting the reservoir by using rodenticides, fighting the carrier by spraying and using foggers as well as public education. The patients’ epidemiological data were then collected, and the incidence was analyzed and compared before and after the intervention.
    Results
    The incidence of ZCL reduced in Qasr-e-Shirin from 14.5 in every 10,000 individuals in 2013 to 7 in 2016 through taking control measures and interventions, suggesting statistically significant differences in the incidence before and after the intervention (P < 0.05).
    Conclusions
    Given the climatic conditions and types of carrier, reservoir, soil and building texture in Qasr-e-Shirin, the combined method of fighting, i.e. fighting the reservoir, fighting the carrier and public education, could reduce the incidence of ZCL to more than one third in March 2017 compared to in 2014. The multilateral intervention was also found to be the most effective method of fighting this disease.
    Keywords: ZCL, Combined Fighting, Control, Disease Incidence, Qasr-e-Shirin
  • Fayegh Moulodi*, Arezou Khezerlou , Hajar Zolfaghari, Ali Mohamadzadeh, Foad Alimoradi Page 4
       
    Background
    Medicinal plants and their extracts are extensively used in nutrition, medicine and food industry. These plants are considered the most important natural antimicrobial antioxidants since they provide rich sources of phenolic compounds, and if resuscitated, they prevent the oxidation process.
    Objectives
    The present study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Hyssopus officinalis essential oil as a chemical preservative.
    Methods
    The Hyssopus officinalis plant was collected from the mountainous regions of Kurdistan, Iran. The essential oil was extracted through distillation and analyzed and its components were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant effect was evaluated using the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging method. The antimicrobial property was assessed using the standard microdilution method to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).
    Results
    The major components of Hyssopus officinalis essential oil were found to be camphor (23.61%) and β-pinene (21.91%). The obtained results showed that the total phenolic content of this species was 23.16 mg of gallic acid per gram of the essential oil and its IC50 was 11.22 μg/mL. MIC obtained for Escherichia coli was 156.25 and MBC 312.5 μg/mL, while these figures were respectively 312.5 and 625 μg/mL for Listeria monocytogenes.
    Conclusions
    The results obtained indicate the antioxidant activity and antimicrobial power of Hyssopus officinalis essential oil against pathogenic microorganisms. This essence can be used as an antimicrobial substance and a natural antioxidant in pharmaceutical and food industries.  
    Keywords: Antioxidant Activity, Antimicrobial Properties, Essence, Hyssopus officinalis L
  • Keykhosro Mardanpour , Mahtab Rahbar* , Nyosha Mardanpour Page 5
       
    Background
    CD163 is a cell surface glycoprotein as known as a hemoglobin/haptoglobin scavenger receptor. The Soluble form of CD163 attenuates macrophages immune response.
    Objectives
    The aim of this study is to describe the effect of CD 163 phagocytes on progression and joint destruction by osteoarthritis (OA).
    Methods
    Twenty OA patients participated in this study. The mean age of patients was 68 ± 8 years (range 46 to 75 years) and the male to female le ratio was 1.5, with 10.6 ± 6.3 years mean duration of OA disease. Twenty synovial biopsies of OA patients and 10 healthy control (HC) specimens were analyzed for CD163 expression (using the immunohistochemistry method) with soluble CD163 (using the ELISA method) in synovial fluid (SF) as well as sCD163 in the serum of.
    Results
    The score of CD163 expression in the synovial intima (P < 0.01), the subintima (P < 0.01) and periarticular area (P < 0.02) increased in OA as compared with the healthy control group. Synovial fluid sCD163 and serum sCD163 levels increased in the OA sample population as compared with the healthy control group. Also, Synovial fluid and serum sCD163 positively associated with ESR and CRP (P < 0.02, P < 0.01and P < 0.06, P < 0.06 respectively). The mean concentration of SF sCD163 was about 2 times higher than in serum in OA patients (P < 0.01). There was no correlation between clinical findings of patients and SF leukocyte count the (P < 0.09).
    Conclusions
    This study shows increased numbers of CD163 macrophages with an enhanced phagocytes infiltration within the degenerated synovium as well as the local production of serum and SF sCD163. Therefore, these cells could provide a future therapeutic strategy for osteoarthritis.  
    Keywords: Osteoarthritis, Synovium, CD163 Macrophage, Soluble CD163
  • Mohammad Reza Akrami , Seyed Reza Bagheri , Karim Moradian , * , Saeed Razmeh , Ehsan Ali Mohammadi , Mohammad Samadian Page 6
    The dermoid tumors are benign tumors that emerge in different parts of the body. The spinal tumor is rare with different presentations. The study patient presented with complaints of recurrent meningitis and paraparesia with hypotonia and a bilateral extensor plantar reflex, which had started four months before. The lumbosacral MRI scan performed revealed an intradural and extramedullary mass located between L2 and s2 levels, and a sinus tract at the level of S1. The tumor mass was totally resected and the patient completely improved following the surgery. The case reported is a dermoid tumor presenting with recurrent meningitis, and the purpose of this report is to increase physicians’ awareness of the different presentations of this tumor.  
    Keywords: Dermoid Cyst, Recurrent Meningitis