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Iranian Biomedical Journal - Volume:22 Issue: 2, Mar 2018

Iranian Biomedical Journal
Volume:22 Issue: 2, Mar 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/10/25
  • تعداد عناوین: 9
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  • Mona Salimi Pages 76-77
    Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC): challenges and solutions via the immune cells
    TNBC is one of the most complicated types of breast cancer to treat. It is generally diagnosed based on the absence of three receptors: estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and is thus defined as a triple negative. TNBC is often more aggressive with lower survival rates than other forms of breast cancer; however, the outlook depends on the stage of diagnosis. This type of breast cancer cannot attract potent anti-cancer and hormone drugs due to the lack of surface proteins, so patients diagnosed with the disease have to rely almost exclusively on chemotherapy. In recent years, immunotherapy has gained attention, as a developing option, to treat a subset of cancers...
  • Mahdieh Kamali, Sedigheh Hantoushzadeh, Sedigheh Borna, Hossein Neamatzadeh, Mahta Mazaheri, Mahmood Noori-Shadkam, Fatemeh Haghighi Pages 78-89
    Studies have indicated that thrombophilic genes polymorphisms are associated with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) in the Iranian population. We aimed to evaluate the precise association between thrombophilic genes polymorphisms (MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, Prothrombin G20210A, FVL G1691A, and PAI-1 4G/5G) and RPL risk in the Iranian population. PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ISC were searched for eligible articles published up to April 1, 2017. In total, 37 case-control studies in 18 relevant publications were selected: 1,199, 1,194, 630, 830, and 955 RPL cases and 1,079, 1079, 594, 794, and 499 controls for MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C,Prothrombin G20210A, FVL G1691A, and PAI-1 4G/5G, respectively. The results indicated a significant increased risk of RPL in all genetic models in the population. Also, Prothrombin G20210A and FVL G1691A as well as PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphisms were associated with RPL risk in the Iranian population. Hence, thrombophilic genes polymorphisms are associated with an increased RPL risk in the Iranian population.
    Keywords: Recurrent Miscarriage_Thrombophilia_Factor V Leiden_Prothrombin_Meta-analysis
  • Niloofar Sefati, Mohsen Norouzian, Hojjat-Allah Abbaszadeh, Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar, Abdollah Amini, Mohammad Bagheri, Arefeh Aryan, Fatemeh Fadaei Fathabady Pages 90-98
    Background
    Hypothyroidism is associated with dysfunction of the bone turnover with reduced osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secrete various factors and cytokines that may stimulate bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of MSCs-conditioned medium (CM) in hypothyroidism male rats after inducing bone defect.
    Methods
    In this study, 24 male rats were randomly assigned to three groups: (I) hypothyroidism bone defect (HYPO), (II) hypothyroidism bone defect CM (HYPO CM), and (III) no hypothyroidism bone defect (control). Four weeks after surgery, the right tibia was removed, and immediately, biomechanical and histological examinations were performed.
    Results
    The results showed a significant reduction in bending stiffness (32.64 ± 3.99), maximum force (14.63 ± 1.89), high stress load (7.59 ± 2.31), and energy absorption (12.68 ± 2.12) at the osteotomy site in hypothyroidism rats in comparison to the control and hypothyroidism condition medium groups (p
    Conclusion
    The present study suggests that the use of the CM can improve the
    fracture regeneration and accelerates bone healing at the osteotomy site in hypothyroidism rats.
    Keywords: Conditioned medium, Hypothyroidism, Mesenchymal stem cells, Osteotomy
  • Zahra Sheikhrezaei, Parisa Heydari, Alireza Farsinezhad, Ahmad Fatemi, Soudeh Khanamani Falahati-Pour, Shokoofeh Darakhshan, Mojgan Noroozi Karimabad, Ali Darekordi, Hossein Khorramdelazad, Gholamhossein Hassanshahi Pages 99-106
    Background
    Acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) is a clonal disorder due to bone marrow failure and uncontrolled proliferation of myeloid lineage. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a subtype of AML. Heterocyclic compounds, such as indole, are considered as attractive candidates for cancer therapy, due to their abundance in nature and known biological activity. Sal-like protein (SALL4) is a zinc finger transcription factor involving in the multi-potency of stem cells, in the NB4 cell line. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of basal indole and its new derivative, 2-(1-((2, 4-Aril)imino)-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phenyl-1H Indole-3- carbaldehyde (TFPHC), on the expression of SALL4.
    Methods
    Cells were cultured and treated with different concentrations (75, 150, and 300 µg/mL) of the new indole derivative and DMSO, as a vehicle control, for 24 and 48 hours. Cell proliferation was evaluated by using Trypan blue exclusion and MTT assays. The percentage of apoptotic cells was determined by flowcytometry analysis using the Annexin V/PI apoptosis detection kit; mRNA expression of SALL4 was studied using absolute quantitative RT-PCR.
    Results
    Our findings demonstrated the effects of new indole derivatives on SALL4 mRNA expression. Expression of SALL4 mRNA was significantly decreased at 75, 150, and 300 µg/mL concentrations.
    Conclusion
    SALL4 plays a role in the survival of APL cells. SALL4 expression could be suppressed by the novel indole derivative. Additionally, SALL4 gene suppression can serve as a target in APL therapy.
    Keywords: SALL4 protein, Indoles, Leukemia, Acute promyelocytic
  • Azarakhsh Azaran, Manoochehr Makvandi, Ali Teimoori, Saeedeh Ebrahimi, Farzad Heydari, Roya Nikfar Pages 107-116
    Background
    Group A rotavirus (RVA) mainly causes acute gastroenteritis, exclusively in young children in developing countries. The prevalence and determination of the molecular epidemiology of rotavirus genotypes will determine the dominant rotavirus genotypes in the region and will provide a strategy for the development of appropriate vaccines.
    Methods
    A total of 100 fecal samples were collected from children below five years with acute gastroenteritis who referred to Aboozar Children’s Hospital of Ahvaz city during October 2015 to March 2016. All samples were screened by latex agglutination for the presence of rotavirus antigen. Rotavirus-positive samples were further analyzed by the semi-multiplex RT-PCR, and the sequencing was performed for G/P genotyping.
    Results
    Findings showed that 32% of the specimens were RVA-positive. Among the 32 VP7 genotyped strains, the predominant G genotype was G9 (37.5%), followed by G2 (21.9%), G1 (12.5%), G12 (9.4%), G4 (9.4%), G2G9 (6.3%), and G3 (3.1%). Among the 31 VP4 genotyped strains, P[8] genotype was the dominant (62.5%), followed by P[4] (31.3%) and P[4] P[8] (3.1%). The genotypes for G and P were identified for 31 rotaviruses (96.87%), but only one strain, G9, remained non-typeable for the P genotype. The most prevalent G/P combination was G9P[8] (28.5%), followed by G2P[4] (18.8%), G1P[8] (9.4%), G12P[8] (9.4%), G4P[8] (9.4%), G2G9P[4] (6.3%), G9P[4] P[8] (3.1%), G3P[8] (3.1%), G9P[4] (3.1%), G2P[8] (3.1%), and G9P[non-typeable] (3.1%).
    Conclusion
    A novel rotavirus strain, G12, was detected, for the first time, in patients from the southwest of Iran. Comprehensive investigations are required to evaluate the emergence of this strain.
    Keywords: Rotavirus, Genotype, Emergence, Iran
  • Mahdis Ekrami, Maryam Torabi, Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard, Javad Mowla, Bahram Mohammad Soltani, Feyzollah Hashemi-Gorji, Zahra Mohebbi, Mohammad Miryounesi Pages 117-122
    Background
    Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a frequent autosomal dominant disorder of lipoprotein metabolism. This disorder is generally caused by mutations in low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), apolipoprotein B 100 (APOB), and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) genes. In the present study, we aimed at identifying the common LDLR and APOB gene mutations in an Iranian population.
    Methods
    Eighty unrelated Iranian patients with FH entered the study, based on Simon Broome diagnostic criteria. All samples were screened for two common APOB gene mutations, including R3500Q and R3500W, by the means of ARMS-PCR and PCR- RFLP assays, respectively. In addition, exons 3, 4, 9, and 10 of LDLR gene were sequenced in all patients.
    Results
    A novel mutation in exon 3 (C95W) and a previously described mutation in exon 4 (D139H) of LDLR gene were found. Three previously reported polymorphisms in LDLR gene as well as three novel polymorphisms were detected in the patients. However, in the studied population, no common mutations were observed in APOB gene.
    Conclusion
    The results of our study imply that the genetic basis of FH in Iranian patients is different from other populations.
    Keywords: Apolipoprotein B 100_Hypercholesterolemia_Genetics_Low-density lipoprotein receptor
  • Minoo Mohraz, Arezoo Aghakhani, Saeedeh Moayedi-Nia, Mohammad Banifazl, Alireza Janbakhsh, Setareh Mamishi, Afsaneh Karami, Anahita Bavand, Pegah Mirzapour, Amitis Ramezani Pages 123-128
    Background
    Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a common infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients and may accelerate HIV progression by rising HIV viral load and decreasing CD4 count. However, the available data regarding the influence of HSV-2 seropositivity on HIV progression in HIV individuals are inconclusive. Therefore, we aimed to determine HSV-2 seroprevalence in naïve HIV patients and normal controls and also investigate the relation of HIV viral load and CD4 count with HSV-2 seropositivity. Subsequently, we investigated the association of HSV-2 serostatus with changing in CD4 count and HIV viral load in our subjects, after one year follow-up.
    Methods
    In this study, 116 naïve HIV patients and 85 healthy controls from Tehran, Iran were enrolled. HSV-2 IgG antibody was detected by ELISA. CD4 count was determined by flowcytometry, and serum HIV RNA copy numbers were determined using real-time PCR.
    Results
    The prevalence of HSV-2 IgG was 18.1% in naïve HIV patients and 0% in the control group (P = 0.000). HSV-2 seroconversion was observed in 2.43% of HIV patients after one year. There was no significant difference regarding HSV-2 serostatus with CD4 count and HIV RNA viral load in our study cohort at baseline and after one year.
    Conclusion
    Our results revealed that the prevalence and incidence of HSV-2 infection are low in our HIV cases, and it is negligible in the control group. However, it seems that HIV/HSV2 co-infection has no role on HIV infection acceleration.
    Keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)_Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)_Serology_CD4 lymphocyte count_Viral load
  • Sedigheh Taghinezhad-S, Amir Hossein Mohseni, Hossein Keyvani, Narges Ghobadi Pages 129-133
    Background
    The present study is the first comprehensive report of the Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) in Iran based on the molecular technique for differentiation and typing of the MCV1 and MCV2.
    Methods
    Patients were diagnosed as having tumor-like genital warts less than 5 mm in diameter, and HIV seronegative samples were chosen for this cross-sectional study. TaqMan real-time PCR was used to identify MCV following clinical examination. Typing of the MCV-positive specimens was performed in the SNP A27451G region of MC021L gene.
    Results
    Of 1470 samples, 114 (7.75%) samples were positive for the MCV. From MCV-positive samples, 71.05% sequences were found to be related to the MCV1 and 28.95% to the MCV2.
    Conclusion
    This assay constitutes a reliable method for identification and typing of the MCV genomic variants that could be valuable for reviewing the pathogenesis, molecular epidemiology, and the natural history of MCV-related situations.
    Keywords: Molluscum contagiosum virus, Polymerase chain reaction, Single nucleotide polymorphism
  • Azadeh Hadadianpour, Mohammad Hasan Samiee Aref, Sirous Zeinali Pages 134-137
    Background
    Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene is a highly polymorphic region. HLA typing is required to match patients and donors for transplantation; therefore, development of HLA registries is necessary for finding HLA match donors. HLA system is highly informative, and numerous studies have been conducted on HLA allele distribution in different populations.
    Methods
    In this study, 100 unrelated Iranian individuals were typed for HLA-A locus using sequence-based typing method. Samples were subjected to the PCR, followed by Sanger sequencing and software analysis.
    Results
    A*02:01 (13%) and A*24:02 (12%) were the two most frequent alleles, while A*01:14, A*02:05, A*02:11, A*02:34, A*02:50, A*11:04, A*23:02, A*24:34, A*25:01, A*26:09, A*26:43, A*29:67, A*30:54, A*31:02, A*31:66, A*32:03, A*32:04, A*33:03, and A*66:15 alleles had the least frequencies (1%).
    Conclusion
    This is the first report of HLA-A allele level typing in a randomized population of Iran and can be useful for development of national registries of HLA-typed volunteer marrow donors and local cord blood banks.
    Keywords: HLA, Unrelated donors, Iran