نشریه پژوهش در پزشکی
سال چهلم شماره 4 (پیاپی 160، زمستان 1395)

Resistance to antibiotic and also the side effects of drug consumption are the main problem in antibiotic treatment. Therefore, after doing researches on the plants properties, humankind has attempted to use them in different industries. In this investigation the anti-microbial effects of ethanolic extracts of four medicinal plants from Ardebil province include Nepeta nuda, Salvia verticilata, Nepeta crassifolia and Teocrium chamaedry subsp. syspirense.

Oxidative stress is the condition associated with increased production of free radicals that overcomes antioxidant defenses due to declining antioxidant levels or producing free radicals involved in developing diabetes and its complications. In this study, the effects of endurance exercise training accompanying Chamomile Recutita Leaves Extract on Liver Superoxide Dismutase Activity and Malondialdehyde Levels in the liver of the rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were analyzed.
In this experimental study, fifty male Wistar rats )weight:195-200 g( were randomly divided into 5 groups: the sedentary control (SC), sedentary diabetic (SD), trained diabetic (TD), diabetic plus chamomile extract treatment (DCh) and trained diabetic plus chamomile extract treatment (TDCh) groups. Animals in the trained groups were conducted submaximal exercise on a treadmill 4 days a week for 8 weeks. The rats in the DR and TDR groups were given 200 mg/kgbw rosemary extract by gastric cannula at 8 AM daily for 8 weeks. Also, the group treated with chamomile extract received 200 mg / kgbw chamomile extract solution by gavage daily for 8 weeks. Then the data was analyzed with the computer software SPSS version 21.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA).
In the end of the study, liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the SD and SC groups respectively were 2.63±0.1 and 4.85±0.9 (p The increased lipid peroxidation in the liver and decreased levels of the selective antioxidant enzyme induced by combined intervention of chamomile extract and submaximal endurance exercise may attenuate oxidative stress.

Joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis are one of debilitating problems of contemporary societies and also the medicine. Present drugs have many side effects that limit their use. Today, we are experiencing a high tendency of medicine to use the pharmaceutical herbs. According to reports, Ferula assafoetida, member of Apiaceae family, has been used as an inflammation treatment for a long time and some of its anti-inflammatory compounds have been identified. In this study, the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of asafoetida resin was assessed on experimental rheumatoid arthritis in the rats.
In this experimental study, 48 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 8 groups: control group, positive control, negative control, and five groups treated with the hydroalcoholic extract of asafoetida resin (50, 75, 100, 300 and 500 mg / kg) . the resin of asafoetida was extracted by Soxhlet. On the first day inflammation was induced with injection of 0.2 cc of complete Freund's adjuvant into the right knee joint of rats. Hydroalcoholic extract was injected intraperitoneally and daily. On the last day (thirtieth), after anesthesia, blood samples were taken directly from their hearts for measuring RF. The right knee joint were collected to histopathology evaluate and after tissue processing and molding, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue was used.
According to the results doses of 50, 75, 100 and 300 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract significantly reduced (0.001> p) RF. In histopathological examination of the negative control and positive control were observed many osteoclasts, the destruction of cartilage and bone and synovial hyperplasia compared with groups treated with the extract gum. Cartilage and bone lesions in treatment groups with doses of 50, 75 and 100, declined.
The results showed that hydroalcoholic extract of asafetida resin decreases and heals inflammatory signs and cartilage damage caused by rheumatoid arthritis induced in rats. Probably its caused by monoterpen and flavonoid ingredients effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-angiogenic and inhibitory activity against metalloproteases.

Salvia nanoparticles have many biological effects. In this study the effect of silver nanoparticles using are examined on the serum concentrations of Glucose, triglyceride levels and the activity of aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase enzymes in male rats.
30 Male Wistar rats weighing 150 to 180 g were divided in the 3 groups, include: control, first experimental group [ppm30 of silver nanoparticles] and the second experimental group [ppm 60 of silver nanoparticles]. In the end of treatment the animals were anesthetized and blood samples were taken directly from the heart and biochemical parameters in serum were measured after blood centrifugation. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test and P Serum levels of glucose, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase of male rats that treated with different doses of silver nanoparticles had no significant changes in comparison to control group. The use of silver nanoparticles in both doses of 30 and 60 ppm significantly decreased the serum triglyceride levels in rats.
The silver nanoparticles may be harmless for the liver at low amount, and it could be used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.

Body image is defined as the mental picture of each person from his/her body. Serious concerns about body shape are the main feature of eating disorders, which is common in adolescents in milder form. Extreme concerns about body shape are the main feature of eating disorders that in fewer forms are common in adolescent. Since, this kind of concerns are influenced by the culture of each society and are relatively common among adolescents; the aim of current study is to investigate validity and reliability of the Body Shape Questionnaire 8C (BSQ-8C) in a sample of students of Kermanshah University Medical of Science.
The main tool of this study, BSQ-8C, was translated to Persian. Then validity and reliability of the BSQ-8C were evaluated in a sample of 272 students at Kermanshah University Medical of Science. Data collecting tools were BSQ-8C,BSQ-34 and Appearance Schema Inventory (ASI). Also for data analysis by SPSS version 16, correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha and split half coefficient were used.
In the sample of students of Kermanshah University Medical of Science, reliability with the internal consistency method by using Cronbach ҆s alpha was 0.82. Moreover, reliability in methods of split-half and retest were 0.79 and 0.74 respectively. As well as the convergent validity between this questionnaire, BSQ-34 and ASI by way of correlation was 0.90 and 0.57 respectively.
BSQ-8C for assessing body shape dissatisfaction in students has high reliability and good concurrent validity.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Polymorphisms of micro RNA genes such as microRNA 152 and microRNA 148a that they are involved in cell proliferation, angiogenesis and apoptosis could be a potential factor for increasing risk of breast cancer and its development. So, the aim of this study is to investigate the association between polymorphisms of these micro-RNAs and age of onset and progression of breast cancer.
This case-control study was conducted on 100 patients of breast cancer and 100 healthy women. The routine clinical tests were performed in studied patients regularly. After genotyping using RFLP-PCR and Tetra primer ARMS-PCR techniques, subjects of this study were categorized into three genotypes including AA,AG and GG for the miR-148a polymorphism and TT,TC and CC for the miR152 polymorphism. The collected data through the SISA website and chi-square tests were analyzed.
Findings: The results show that the miR-148a and miR152 polymorphisms reduce age of onset of cancer, but this is not statistically significant (miR152: OR=2.16, P=0.06), (miR-148a: OR=2.54, P=0.06). There is also no significant association between these polymorphisms and stages of cancer progression were observed (miR148a: OR=1.16, P=0.09); )miR152: OR=0.47, P=0.13).
It seems that the G and T alleles can be as a risk factor for the reduction of age of onset and breast cancer progression in Isfahan population. But to determine the alleles as biology risk factors further studies and more research is needed.

Aims and scope: Otitis media (OM) is a common disease among children. Various factors, including bacteria and viruses are the cause of OM. The most common bacterial pathogens that can cause OM are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pyogenes. Recently, Alloiococcus otitidis is known as one of the causes of OM. For some reasons such as fastidious growth and difficulty in sampling, few studies have been completed on this bacterium. The aim of this study was comparison of culture and multiplex PCR in detection of fastidious bacterial pathogens associated with otitis media.
Material & In this descriptive studies, during a period of 5 month from March 2013 to July 2014, 50 middle ear discharge specimens were collected from patients suspected with otitis media in Amir-Alam Hospital. Samples were assessed by culture and multiplex PCR method.
In the study, 3 strains of Alloiococcus otitidis (6%), 3 strains of Haemophilus influenzae (6%) and 1 strain of Moraxella catarrhalis (2%) were isolated by culture. Also, by multiplex PCR method 25 Alloiococcus otitidis (50%), 28 Haemophilus influenzae (56%) and 11 Moraxella catarrhalis (22%) were detected in the samples.
Identifying fastidious bacteria with culture method is difficult, but multiplex PCR method is more accurate, faster and more sensitive of culture method and biochemical tests and can be done quickly.

Social well-being is the monitoring and evaluation of individual performance in the community and the quality of relationships with other people, relatives and social groups. Among the parts of society, considering the health status of students as the destiny makers of tomorrow’s country is very important in each community. This study aimed to assess the social well-being status and associated factors in Guilan University of Medical Sciences students in 2015.
This article is part of a larger study in which 489 Guilan University of Medical Sciences students in different disciplines were studied by using quota sampling method. The research instrument was a questionnaire consisted of two parts: demographic and translated social well-being questionnaire of Keyes. The internal reliability and validity were confirmed in different studies. Descriptive statistics were performed for data analysis by using SPSS software version 19.
The results showed that a total of 489 students, the majority (87.9%) had moderate social well-being. The highest mean score of social well-being dimension was related to the social integration (18.26±3.79) and the lowest average score was related to social coherence (12.48±3.02). The social well-being of female students were the highest mean (75.31±11.69) than males (74.32±12.15). The most social well-being score was higher in above 30 years age group (80.77±7.85) and regarding the undergraduate degree (75.71±11.98). Social well-being score in married and single students were alike. Students who were satisfied with their field had higher scores of social well-being (76.74±11.76).
Despite the relatively good results of students’ social well-being, the results of this study determined the dimensions that have had the low score. It is hoped these results provide the grounds for improving students’ health promotion.

Despite the long-term survival in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), cervical lymph node metastasis is the most important factor in regional recurrence of the disease. The aim of the present study was to find clinical risk factors for microscopic metastasis to the lymph nodes, without involvement of the neck lymph nodes.
medical records of 115 PTC patients who underwent total thyroidectomy surgery in Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital of Tehran during 2015-2016. Study variables included age, gender, tumor size, multifocality of tumor, tumor location and tumor extension to thyroid capsule, and metastasis. Data were analyzed using SPSS v20 software.
The incidence of metastasis was 49%. A weak positive correlation was observed between age and metastasis, and a very weak correlation between the tumor size and metastasis. The calculated cut-off point for age was 42.5 years and for tumor size, 1.75 cm (sensitivity 58% and specificity 57%). The metastatic was more common in men than women and in the multifocal tumors than single focal tumors. Metastasis was associated with tumor location and tumor extension to the thyroid capsule.
It seems that older age, larger tumor size, male gender, multifocal tumor, extension of tumor invasion to the capsule could be predictive risk factors of lymph node metastasis in PTC patients, and therefore, prophylactic central lymph node dissection may be considered in the patients who have several of these factors. Also, post-operative follow-up for recurrence should be performed more accurately and in a shorter time interval in these patients. However, more studies should be done in the future.