مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بابل
سال نوزدهم شماره 8 (پیاپی 119، امرداد 1396)

The family history of breast and prostatism cancer is a risk factor for prostate cancer. Considering the common pathogens for prostate and breast cancers, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the patient's prostate cancer and their first and second-class relatives with the history of breast cancer.
This case-control study was conducted on 300 patients who underwent biopsy in Shahid Beheshti hospital due to prostate enlargement. Patients were divided into two groups based on biopsy: a) prostate cancer in case group and benign prostate enlargement in control group. Additional information of the first and second-class relatives of patients was collected in the checklist and evaluated. The patients (150 control, 150 experimental) were selected using simple sampling method. The experimental and control groups who underwent biopsy suffered from prostate cancer and benign prostate enlargement, respectively.
FINDINGS: The mean age of patients was 72.17±9.788 and 70.01±9.921 in case and control group, respectively. The frequency of breast cancer in the family of patients with prostate cancer and healthy persons was 16 (59.3%) and 11 (40.3%), respectively. Moreover, the frequency of breast cancer was greater in first than second-class relatives in both groups, while this difference was not statistically significant. In both groups, the history of breast cancer was higher in patients older than 40 years.
The results of the study indicated that the frequency of prostate cancer is probably higher if the first and second-class relatives affect with prostate cancer than breast cancer.

Low back pain (LBP) is one of the relative prevalent musculoskeletal disorders in patients which s increasing with age. The purpose of this study was to investigate reliability of sonography in the assessment of abdominal muscles thickness in adolescents with LBP compared with healthy subjects.
The present methodological study was conducted on thirty healthy girls and boys and 30 girls and boys with LBP. Size of Transversus abdominis (TA), internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO) muscles and subcutaneous fat (SF) were measured in crook lying position using sonography at the end of exhalation. Two sets of images were taken on the same day to assess within-day reliability and the third measurement was taken one week later to evaluate between-day reliability.
FINDINGS: The values of intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for within-day reliability in healthy subjects (ICC=0.85-0.98) and patient (ICC=0.79-0.98) and for between-day reliability in healthy subjects (ICC=0.81-0.98) and for patients (ICC=0.80-.97) were high. ICC values were lower in patients with LBP compared with healthy subjects. Generally, within-day reliability was higher than between-day reliability.
Reliability of sonography in the evaluation of abdominal muscles thickness and subcutaneous fat width was high in healthy adolescents and those who suffering from LBP.

Breast cancer is the most common and the most influential type of cancer in women, which causes deep excitement and severe emotional problems. Considering the increase in survival rates, patients with breast cancer continue to live longer with this disease and its complications and stresses, compared with patients with other types of cancer, which may affect the psychological well-being of this group of patients. This study was conducted to determine the psychological well-being of women with breast cancer and its relationship with emotional intelligence.
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 90 women with breast cancer who referred for treatment or counseling to one of the hospitals of Shahid Rajaee in Babolsar, Ayatollah Rohani in Babol and the Cancer Counseling and Screening Center in Babol, using convenience sampling. In addition to demographic questions, Bradberry & Greaves's Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (possible range = 0 – 140) and Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scale (possible range = 0–108) were completed.
FINDINGS: The mean age of the participants was 45.98 ± 9.74 with an age range of 24 – 70 years. The mean score of psychological well-being was 75.01±12.10 and the mean score of emotional intelligence was 77.14 ± 19.53 and psychological well-being had a significant relationship with emotional intelligence (r = 0.45, p

Evaluating the thickness of the masseter muscle is an important determinant of the health or illness of the muscle. Investigating changes in masseter muscle thickness due to its function on the temporomandibular joint plays a significant role in detecting the cause of many disorders in this joint. The present study aims to compare the ultrasonic thickness of masseter muscle between patients with bruxism and healthy people.
This case-control study was conducted among 44 subjects in two groups (22 subjects in each group of, including 11 women and 11 men) in the age range of 18 – 30 years old in patients with bruxism and healthy people. The subjects had normal BMI, had no inflammatory disease or strike to the temporomandibular joint, and had no history of maxillofacial surgery. Ultrasound evaluation of masseter muscle was performed in a supine position, with 12 MHz linear probe along the auricle and perpendicular to mandibular ramus on muscle ventricle and the thickness of the muscle was obtained in millimeters.
FINDINGS: The masseter muscle thickness was more in patients with bruxism (11.97±0.85 mm) than healthy subjects (10.76±2.2 mm) (p

Achillea eriophora has been used in traditional medicine for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and cardiovascular disease. This study was performed to determine its cardiovascular effects and its interaction with adrenergic system.
In this study, 15 male wistar rats (weighed 220-250 g) were divided randomly into 3 groups. The first group received distilled water (Epinephrine solvent), epinephrine (0.04 mg/kg) and epinephrine plus extract solvent (ethanol 70%), respectively. The second group received distilled water, epinephrine and epinephrine plus extract (60 mg/kg), respectively. The third group received extract and after the onset of the extract effects, epinephrine were injected. In different groups, blood pressure and heart rate were recorded via arterial cannula linked to pressure transducer and A-D instrument powerlab.
FINDINGS: Extract significantly reduced mean arterial blood pressure (67±8, 65±3, 67±8), compared to the base stage (86±5, 84±6, 86±5) (p

Deficit of inhibitory GABAergic neurons as a part of central nervous system (CNS) pathogenesis was reported in neurodegenerative disorders; and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were shown to be a feasible option for cell transdifferentiation in neuronal disorders therapy. In this study, ADSCs transdifferentiated into GABAergic-like neurons (GLNs).
Under sterile conditions ADSCs were obtained from pararenal fat of 2 male adult rats. Following third passages of cell culture, ADSCs were preinduced to neural-like cells (NLCs) using 1mM β-mercaptoethanol (βME) and 10µM retinoic acid (RA), and then NLCs were induced by creatine(Cr) in 1, 5, 10, 20 millimolar for 5 days. In induction stage, the effects of creatine on differentiation were studied by anti nestin and GABA antibody immunostainig. The roles of GABARAP, LC3 and p62 autophagy genes in transdifferentiation were assessed by RT-PCR.
FINDINGS: Immunocytochemical studies on ADSCs using CD49d indicated that cultured cells were ADSCs. Preinduction stage results showed that 10µM RA after 2 days, has the best effect on differentiating the ADSCs to NLCs. Immunostaining after induction stage showed high percentage of neural and GABAergic markers (GABA) using 10 mMol creatine after 5 days. ADSCs expressed p62 gene, however, preinduced cells expressed LC3 and GABARAP autophagy genes as well.
In the present study, we demonstrated that ADSCs can be efficiently transdifferentiated into NLCs using βME (1mM) and RA (10µM). Moreover, these NLCs induced by 10mM creatine for 5 days and differentiated into GLNs expressing nestin and GABA neural markers. GABARAP, LC3 and p62 autophagy genes expressed by preinduced cells indicating autophagy might have a role in the transdifferentiation of ADSCs into NLCs

Unsystematic waste and sewage sludge disposal is a major public health threat. Today, the use of easy, inexpensive, and natural treatment such as compost is one of the main priorities for the treatment of these materials.
In this experimental study, organic waste samples were prepared from household waste and sludge samples were prepared from municipal sewage treatment plant. Reactors R1 and R2 (for compost and vermicompost, waste), and R3 and R4 (for compost and vermicompost, waste and sewage sludge mixtures) were selected. Waste and sludge stabilization were evaluated by some indexes such as: (C/N), (VS), (TOC) and (TC), (FC) and (TP) and (TN).
FINDINGS: The level of VS in R1, R2, R3 and R4 decreased from 89.09, 89.89, 85.29 and 85.29 to 75.58, 64.04, 62.75 and 61.22, respectively. C/N values in R1, R2, R3 and R4 reached 28.08, 22.48, 21.31, and 18.60 during the process. Fecal coliforms in R2, R3 and R4 decreased by 100, 93 and 99%, respectively. The vermicompost quality in R2 and R4 reactors was better than other reactors, but the R4 reactor reached this condition one week later.
According to the results of this study, vermicompost reactor containing organic waste and sewage sludge is well-prepared for the high rate stage of composting process. In order to achieve optimal composting conditions in accordance with valid standards, the composting stage should be included in the work plans.

Generation of recombinant Leishmania tropica (L. tropica) expressing two reporter proteins EGFP and LUC L. tropica is the major cause of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in Iran. Due to lack of an accurate, sensitive and noninvasive detection test in animal model is a major problem. Here, we designed L. tropica stably transfected with two reporter genes as fused form, enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) and Luciferase (luc), named as egfp-luc to use as a specific tools for detection and measurement of parasite load in live animals.
In an experimental study, linearized cassette containing egfp-luc genes was stably integrated into Iranian strain of wild-type L. tropica genome, 18srRNA locus, by homologous recombination. Transfectants were screened by G418 resistance, confirmed by PCR and western blotting and the expression of EGFP signals were observed by fluorescent microscope and flow cytometry.
FINDINGS: Phenotype observations (by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry) were shown that recombinant L. tropicaEGFP-LUC was successfully produced EGFP protein into cytoplasm. Quantification of EGFP intensity was more than 90%. Furthermore, the results of PCR and western blotting verified the proper integration into genome and expression of both genes in promastigotes.
This is the first report to show the generation of recombinant L. tropicaEGFP-LUC expressing two reporter genes simultaneously.

Breast cancer is the most common cause of death from cancer in women worldwide. A comprehensive study of breast cancer in different parts of a country can provide the information for evidence-based planning and, consequently, cost reduction for both the patient and the society. The aim of this study was to investigate the types of pathological lesions in cases of breast cancer diagnosed in Babol (a city in the north of Iran) over 10 years.
In this cross-sectional study, all pathological reports on breast cancer that were recorded in Babol's pathology centers from 2008 to 2017 were studied. Demographic data, age of first menstruation, age of menopause, age of first delivery, history of breast cancer, history of ovarian and uterine cancer, history and duration of breastfeeding were collected and evaluated.
FINDINGS: In this study, the frequency of breast cancer among diagnosed cases of cancer was reported to be 22.4%. 331 patients (99.1%) were female and 3 patients (0.9%) were male. 41.3% were in the age group of 41 – 50 years old. 26 patients (7.7%) had a history of breast cancer and 34 patients (10.1%) had a family history of breast cancer. 287 (85.9%) women had a history of breastfeeding. Ductal carcinoma was reported in 267 patients (79.9%).
According to the results of this study, ductal carcinoma was reported as the most common type of pathology.

Ovarian torsion and ectopic pregnancy occur in 2.7 and 2% of all pregnancies, respectively, and both are known as gynecologic emergencies. The simultaneous occurrence of these two cases is rare. This study reports a case with simultaneous ovarian torsion and ectopic pregnancy.
CASE REPORT: The patient is a 31-year-old woman with history of two abortions, who referred with a history of 6-week missed menstrual period and vaginal bleeding from one day before and abdominal colic pain accompanied by two occasions of nausea and vomiting. In ultrasonography, cyst was reported to be 54 × 60 mm in right ovary and moderate free fluid was found in cul de sac, while serum HCGβ levels were more than 1000. Due to the exacerbation of abdominal pain, emergency laparotomy was performed, which revealed ruptured ectopic pregnancy and ovarian torsion with active bleeding and a 7×6 cm cyst in the same side with two rounds of torsion. Open torsion, right salpingectomy and cystectomy were performed. The patient was discharged 48 hours after the operation with a good general condition and without serious complication, and there was no problem during the 6-week postoperative follow-up.
Simultaneous occurrence of ovarian torsion and ectopic pregnancy is rare, but it is likely to occur. Therefore, early diagnosis to maintain future pregnancies and preserve the ovary is important and suitable medical measures may prevent the unwanted side effects in these patients.